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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neuroprosthetics and Brain-Computer Interfaces in Spinal Cord Injury : A Guide for Clinicians and End Users (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Neurosciences. ; Bioinformatics. ; Biomedical engineering. ; Biotechnology. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Neuroscience. ; Bioinformatics. ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. ; Biotechnology. ; Artificial Intelligence.
    Description / Table of Contents: PART I. Basic -- Spinal Cord Injury -- Functional Electrical Stimulation -- Electroencephalography & Brain-Computer Interfaces -- PART II. Neuroprosthetics in SCI -- History of Neuroprosthetics -- Upper Extremity Neuroprosthetics for Spinal Cord Injury -- Neuro-Robotics: Rehabilitation and Restoration of Walking using Exoskeletons via Non-invasive Brain Machine Interfaces -- Epidural and Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Strategies for Motor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury -- PART III. Clinical Brain-Computer Interfaces -- P300 BCI for Persons with Spinal Cord Injury – a BCI in Search of an Application? -- Invasive BCI Approaches for Restoration of Upper Extremity Movements -- Towards Non-invasive BCI Based Movement Decoding -- PART IV. Clinical Use Cases and Practice -- Therapeutic Applications of Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury -- Brain Computer Interface Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation for Rehabilitation of Hand Function in People with Spinal Cord Injury -- Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces for Control of Grasp Neuroprosthesis - The European MoreGrasp Initiative -- PART V. Outlook -- Therapies of the Future.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art of practical applications of neuroprosthesis based on functional electrical stimulation for restoration of motor functions lost by spinal cord injury and discusses the use of brain-computer interfaces for their control. The book covers numerous topics starting with basics about spinal cord injury, electrical stimulation, electrical brain signals and brain-computer interfaces. It continues with an overview of neuroprosthetic solutions for different purposes and non-invasive and invasive brain-computer interface implementations and presents clinical use cases and practical applications of BCIs. Finally, the authors give an outlook on cutting edge research with a high potential for clinical translation in the near future. All authors committed themselves to use easy-to-understand language and to avoid very specific information, focusing instead on the essential aspects. This makes this book an ideal choice not only for researchers and clinicians at all stages of their education interested in the topic of brain-computer interface-controlled neuroprostheses, but also for end users and their caregivers who want to inform themselves about the current technological possibilities to improve paralyzed motor functions. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 377 p. 114 illus., 99 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030685454
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68545-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68545-4
    DDC: 612.8
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Communicating climate-change and natural hazard risk and cultivating resilience : case studies for a multi-disciplinary approach (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 076-18-91565
    Description / Table of Contents: This edited volume emphasizes risk and crisis communication principles and practices within the up-to the minute context of new technologies, a new focus on resiliency, and global environmental change. It includes contributions from experts from around the globe whose research, advocacy, teaching, work, or service in the natural or social sciences deals with risk communication and/or management surrounding natural and technological disasters, with a particular focus on climate change-related phenomena. Resilience and good communication are intimately linked and with climate change precipitating more numerous and onerous weather-related catastrophes, a conversation on resilience is timely and necessary. The goal is robust communities that are able to withstand the shock of disaster. Communicating well under ordinary circumstances is challenging; communicating during a crisis is extraordinarily difficult. This book is dedicated to all those who have directly or indirectly suffered the effects of climate change end extreme events with the hope that the advance of knowledge, implementation of sound science and appropriate policies, and use of effective communication will help in reducing their vulnerability while also improving resilience in the face of often devastating natural and technological disasters
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXXII, 311 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9783319372808 , 9783319201603 (print)
    Series Statement: Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research 45
    Language: English
    Note: Chapter 1. Introduction: An Overview of Crisis Communication -- Part I. The Role of Communication in Fostering Resilience or Fomenting Resistance -- Chapter 2. Revisiting Crisis Communication and Integrating Social Media -- Chapter 3. Polluted Discourse:  Communication and Myths in a Climate of Denial -- Chapter 4. Public Perceptions of Global Warming: Understanding Survey Differences -- Chapter 5. Building Interfaces that Work: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach to Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation -- Part II. Before Disaster: Prediction, Preparation and Crisis Communication -- Chapter 6. Fostering Resilience in the Face of an Uncertain Future: Using Scenarios Planning to Communicate Climate Change Risks and Collaboratively Develop Adaptation Strategies -- Chapter 7. Barriers to Using Climate Information: Challenges in Communicating Probabilistic Forecasts to Decision Makers -- Chapter 8. Modeling Climate-Sensitive Disease Risk: A Decision Support Tool for Public Health Services -- Chapter 9. Shallow Landslide Hazard Mapping for Davao Oriental, Philippines Using a Deterministic GIS Model -- Part III. Mitigating Circumstances: Communicating Through Change, Uncertainty, Disaster and Recovery -- Chapter 10. Comparative Analysis of Virtual Relief Networks and Communication Channels During Disaster Recovery After a Major Flood in Galena, Alaska, Spring 2013 -- Chapter 11. Development of the Stakeholders’ Engagement Plan as a Mining Social Responsibility Practice -- Chapter 12. Controlling Environmental Crisis Messages in Uncontrollable Media Environments: The 2011 Case of Blue-Green Algae on Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, OK -- Chapter 13. Characteristics of Extreme Monsoon Floods and Local Land Use in the Lower Mekong Basin, Cambodia -- Chapter 14. The Value of Earth Observations: Methods and Findings on the Value of Landsat  Imagery -- Part IV. Learning Forward: Advancing Climate Change Science Among Diverse Audiences -- Chapter 15. Carbon Offsets in California: Science in the Policy Development Process -- Chapter 16. Fostering Educator Resilience: Engaging the Educational Community to Address the Natural Hazards of Climate Change -- Chapter 17. Communicating Uncertainty: A Challenge for Science Communication -- Chapter 18. Science Diplomacy in the Geosciences -- Chapter 19. Stormy Seas, Rising Risks: Assessing Undisclosed Risk from Sea Level Risk and Storm Surge at Coastal U.S. Oil Refineries..
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 3
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    Enhanced Polar Vortex Predictability Following Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events can form a window of forecast opportunity for polar vortex predictions on subseasonal‐to‐seasonal time scales. Analyzing numerical ensemble simulations, we quantify the associated enhanced predictability due to reduced upward planetary wave fluxes during the mostly radiatively driven recovery phase following SSWs. Ensembles that predict an SSW show reduced ensemble spread in terms of polar vortex strength for several weeks to follow, as well as a corresponding reduction in forecast errors. This increased predictability is particularly pronounced for strong SSWs and even occurs if not all ensemble members predict a major SSW. Furthermore, we found a direct impact of the occurrence of SSWs on the date of the final warming (FW): the decrease in upward wave fluxes delays the FW significantly. The reduced spread after SSWs and the delay in FW date have potentially further implications for (subseasonal) predictions of the tropospheric and mesospheric circulations.〈/p〉
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The polar vortex is a large scale circulation active during winter in the higher levels of the polar atmosphere. Changes in the strength of the polar vortex can have an impact on the weather over mid‐latitude regions like Europe. This is the case especially for the period after so‐called sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events, where the polar vortex breaks down very abruptly and then slowly recovers over several weeks. Such a break‐down of the polar vortex tends to suppress wave activity and hence reduces the dynamical variability in the polar stratosphere, leading to a more predictable evolution of the circulation. We quantify the strength and timescale of this increase in predictability of the polar vortex after an SSW using a large set of winter time model forecasts.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) lead to reduced forecast spread in the polar stratosphere for several weeks after the event〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Reduced forecast spread after SSWs is driven by suppressed vertical planetary wave propagation due to persistent negative wind anomalies〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Final warmings are delayed for winters with SSW, consistent with reduced upward wave fluxes following the SSW〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/s2s-realtime-instantaneous-accum-ecmf/levtype=sfc/type=cf/
    Description: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels?tab=overview
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5282/ubm/data.395
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; sudden stratospheric warming ; final warming ; strat‐trop‐coupling ; polar vortex ; predictability ; window of forecast opportunity
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 4
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    Potential Links Between Tropospheric and Stratospheric Circulation Extremes During Early 2020 (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: February‐March 2020 was marked by highly anomalous large‐scale circulations in the Northern extratropical troposphere and stratosphere. The Atlantic jet reached extreme strength, linked to some of the strongest and most persistent positive values of the Arctic Oscillation index on record, which provided conditions for extreme windstorms hitting Europe. Likewise, the stratospheric polar vortex reached extreme strength that persisted for an unusually long period. Past research indicated that such circulation extremes occurring throughout the troposphere‐stratosphere system are dynamically coupled, although the nature of this coupling is still not fully understood and generally difficult to quantify. We employ sets of numerical ensemble simulations to statistically characterize the mutual coupling of the early 2020 extremes. We find the extreme vortex strength to be linked to the reflection of upward propagating planetary waves and the occurrence of this reflection to be sensitive to the details of the vortex structure. Our results show an overall robust coupling between tropospheric and stratospheric anomalies: ensemble members with polar vortex exceeding a certain strength tend to exhibit a stronger tropospheric jet and vice versa. Moreover, members exhibiting a breakdown of the stratospheric circulation (e.g., sudden stratospheric warming) tend to lack periods of persistently enhanced tropospheric circulation. Despite indications for vertical coupling, our simulations underline the role of internal variability within each atmospheric layer. The circulation extremes during early 2020 may be viewed as resulting from a fortuitous alignment of dynamical evolutions within the troposphere and stratosphere, aided by each layer's modification of the other layer's boundary condition.
    Description: Key Points Large‐ensemble simulations are needed to fully characterize coupled extremes in the polar vortex and tropospheric jet in early 2020. Details of the vortex structure play an important role in promoting either reflection or dissipation of upward propagating waves 1 and/or 2. Modulation of lowermost stratospheric circulation from above and below facilitates co‐evolution of tropospheric and stratospheric extremes.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5282/ubm/data.281
    Description: https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/ao.shtml
    Keywords: ddc:551.5
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    The role of viable but non-infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria with a complex developmental cycle comprising a metabolically less-active, infectious stage, the elementary body (EB), and a metabolically more active stage, the reticulate body (RB). They are responsible for many acute and chronic diseases in humans and animals. In order to play a causative role in chronic diseases, chlamydiae would need to persist and to re-activate within infected cells/tissues for extended periods of time. Persistence in vitro is defined as viable but non-cultivable chlamydiae involving morphologically enlarged, aberrant, and nondividing RBs, termed aberrant bodies (AB). In vitro, alterations of the normal developmental cycle of chlamydiae can be induced by the addition of Interferon-? (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and penicillin G exposure as well as amino acid or iron deprivation, monocyte infection and co-infection with viruses. In vivo, key questions include whether or not ABs occur in infected patients and animals and whether such ABs can contribute to prolonged, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring through continuing stimulation of the host immune system known from diseases such as trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, reactive arthritis and atherosclerosis. To date, the direct causal role in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection and persistence in vivo has been questioned since there was no tractable animal model of chlamydial persistence so far. A very recent study was able to establish an experimental animal model of in vivo persistence, when C. muridarum vaginally-infected mice were gavaged with amoxicillin. Amoxicillin treatment induced C. muridarum to enter the persistent state in vivo. Recent in vivo data from patients indicate that viable but non-infectious developmental stages are present in the genital tract of chronically-infected women and that the gastrointestinal tract might be a reservoir for persistent chlamydial infections at other sites.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; RC109-216 ; stress response ; chlamydia ; Chronic Disease ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Random Differential Equations in Scientific Computing (2021)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This book is a holistic and self-contained treatment of the analysis and numerics of random differential equations from a problem-centred point of view. An interdisciplinary approach is applied by considering state-of-the-art concepts of both dynamical systems and scientific computing. The red line pervading this book is the two-fold reduction of a random partial differential equation disturbed by some external force as present in many important applications in science and engineering. First, the random partial differential equation is reduced to a set of random ordinary differential equations in the spirit of the method of lines. These are then further reduced to a family of (deterministic) ordinary differential equations. The monograph will be of benefit, not only to mathematicians, but can also be used for interdisciplinary courses in informatics and engineering.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; dynamical systems ; scientific computing ; Random differential equations ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    TERENO-SOILCan: a lysimeter-network in Germany observing soil processes and plant diversity influenced by climate change (2016)
    In:  Environmental Earth Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The aim of TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) is to collect long-term observation data on the hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, lower atmosphere and anthroposphere along multiple spatial and temporal gradients in climate sensitive regions across Germany. The lysimeter-network SOILCan was installed as a part of TERENO between March and December 2010 within the four observatories. It represents a long-term large-scale experiment to study the effects of climate and management changes in terrestrial ecosystems, with particular focus on the impact of these changes on water, energy and matter fluxes into groundwater and atmosphere. SOILCan primarily focuses on soil hydrology, the carbon and nutrient cycle and plant species diversity. Time series measurements of states and fluxes at high spatial and temporal resolution in the soil and biosphere are combined with remote sensing information for the development and calibration of process-based models simulating impacts of climate change in soil processes at field to regional scale. Within the framework of SOILCan, 132 fully automated lysimeter systems were installed at 14 highly equipped experimental field sites across the four TERENO observatories. Relevant state variables of grassland and arable ecosystems are monitored characterizing climate, hydrology and matter fluxes into the atmosphere and within the hydrosphere as well as plant species diversity. Lysimeters are either being operated at or near their original sampling location or were transferred within or between the four TERENO observatories thereby using temperature and rainfall gradients to mimic future climatic conditions (space for time), which allow measuring impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The lysimeters are cultivated as grassland (intensive, extensive and non-used) or arable land, the latter with a standardized crop rotation of winter wheat—winter barley—winter rye—oat. This publication describes the general design of the SOILCan experiment including a comprehensive description of the pedological characteristics of the different sites and presents a few exemplary results from the first years of operation.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Anomalies in tropospheric extended-range forecast uncertainty arising from stratosphere-troposphere coupling (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-24
    Description: Extreme events of the stratospheric polar vortex can modulate subsequent surface weather at subseaonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales. Moreover, they are considered to form windows of opportunity for tropospheric forecasting. This study aims to improve understanding of how the canonical surface response of polar vortex events translates into modulated surface predictability. First, we confirm that in the ECMWF extended-range prediction model, the mean signal of weak (strong) polar vortex events projects onto a negative (positive) phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The associated equatorward (poleward) shift of the eddy-driven jet then enhances or suppresses synoptic variability in specific regions. By constructing a leadtime, seasonal and model version-dependent climatology of forecast ensemble spread, we link these regions to anomalous forecast uncertainty. For example, sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are followed by a southerly jet shift, which translates into suppressed Rossby wave breaking over Northern Europe, resulting in anomalously high forecast confidence in that region. In general, both signatures in the mean and spread can contribute to predictability. However, when forecasts are compared to reanalyses, they manifest differently in different skill scores, such as the Root-Mean-Squared Error or the Continuously Ranked Probability Skill Score. We therefore discuss how separate consideration of anomalies in the ensemble mean and ensemble spread may aid to interpret predictability following polar vortex events. Finally, we apply the diagnostics also to tropical teleconnections. We find indications that windows of forecast opportunity might be dominated by stratospheric polar vortex variability over the Atlantic and by ENSO variability over the Pacific.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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