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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Natural products. ; Mass spectroscopy. ; Microbial genetics. ; Bioinformatics. ; Natural Products. ; Mass Spectrometry. ; Microbial Genetics. ; Computational and Systems Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Microbial metabolomics – Introduction -- Chapter 2: Microbial metabolomics -- Chapter 3: Unveiling microbial chemical interactions based on metabolomics approaches -- Chapter 4: Unveiling chemical interactions between insects -- Chapter 5: Discovering new natural products using metabolomics approaches -- Chapter 6: Advances in mass spectrometry -- Chapter 7: Advances in NMR-metabolomics based approaches -- Chapter 8: Sample preparation in microbial metabolomics -- Chapter 9: Secondary Metabolite annotation using GNPS database. .
    Abstract: This book focuses on the importance of omics strategies and de-replication analysis to unveil new molecules from microbial sources with diverse chemical structures and biological functions. Chapters address metabolomics strategies, which will lead to a better understanding of the chemical interactions between microorganisms, plant-microorganisms, and virus-microorganisms. Authors also describe analytical tools used in microbial metabolomics and natural products discovery, in addition to describing a step-by-step protocol to identify and annotate metabolites using various databases and online platforms. The book presents the newest research, tools, and protocols for chemists, biochemists, bio-and chemical engineers, and biotechnologists, among others.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 250 p. 47 illus., 28 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031417412
    Series Statement: Proteomics, Metabolomics, Interactomics and Systems Biology, 1439
    DDC: 547
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This publication gathers contributions to understand better and further develop the European Citizens’ Initiative. This participatory and agenda-setting tool introduced into the Treaty of Lisbon has not yet reached its full potential of citizen engagement, nor has it driven the significant policy changes initially expected. Bearing this in mind, the project ECI: From A to Z aimed to promote the knowledge and use of the European Citizens’ Initiative within the higher education arena by engaging investigators and students from four different Universities (University of Coimbra; Georg-August University of Göttingen; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi and the University of Vigo) to work together to share their concerns and common views on the European Union role and policies. This publication describes the methodology followed and results reached under the project, but more than that, it is a practical toolkit for all who wish to know more about the European Citizens’ Initiative and how to put it in motion.
    Keywords: Political Participation ; Democracy ; European Union ; thema EDItEUR::L Law
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Several volcanic explosions have been recorded since April 1997 at broadband seismic stations located around the Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico. We have inverted waveforms of ten of these explosions to estimate the following source parameters: depth, duration, magnitude and direction of the single force, F. The crustal structure used in generating Green's function at nearest stations is derived from the inversion of teleseismic receiver functions at the broadband permanent station PPIG, located 5 km north of the volcano. This inversion reveals a low velocity zone at ∼8 km beneath the summit with high Poisson ratio, possibly related to the magma chamber. We find that F scales with τ, the duration of the source‐time function, as F ∝ tau². Based on this relationship we determine an impulse magnitude scale, Mk . This magnitude is tied to the Mount Saint Helens initial explosive phase of May 18, 1980, whose magnitude is estimated as 4.6. Mk of the ten Popocatepetl explosions ranges between 1.8 and 3.2. Finally, we also propose an equivalent formula for rapid estimation of magnitude of future Popocatepetl explosions, which requires filtered amplitudes at PPIG.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: The acceleration and injection of solar energetic particles (SEPs) near the Sun is one of the major unsolved problems in contemporary SEP transport modeling efforts. Here, we establish a new approach to the injection problem by utilizing a correlation between the soft X-ray thermal emission in solar flares, and their hard X-ray counterpart, the so-called Neupert effect, which is indicative of the presence of non-thermal particles. We show that the resulting injection function, in the initial phase of the flare, is similar to those inferred from inverting the transport problem based on in-situ observations. For few cases, we find early injections with no in-situ correspondence, that can be caused by particles accelerated before there is a magnetic connection between the source and the spacecraft. The method has limitations for long-duration injections, since it is not applicable to the decay phase of the flare where particle trapping might play a role. For a sample of SEP events in 1980, observed with the Helios-1 and IMP8 spacecraft, we show the results of a 2D SEP transport model based on this approach. We discuss that, with this method, a physics-based, real-time operational SEP now-cast model for the heliosphere is feasible.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Using continuous seismic data from newly available broadband stations in Mexico and Central America we have obtained group and phase velocity maps of fundamental mode Rayleigh wave for the region. These new maps have been calculated for periods between 8 and 60 s from cross-correlations of seismic ambient noise between 100 broadband stations, and stacked for 30 months from 2006 to 2008. The tomographic inversion of the obtained dispersion measurements has been carried out on a 1°× 1° grid, resulting in maps with resolution better than 250 km in the well-sampled regions of the model. For short periods (8-16 s) dispersion maps show good correlation with surface structural features. Low-velocity anomalies correlate with sedimentary basins around the Gulf of Mexico and Colorado embayment. High-velocity anomalies at short periods correlate with mountain ranges and regions of thin, extended crust such as the Gulf of California. Both the lowest and highest group velocity anomalies at these periods reach values of up to 15 per cent. For periods between 25 and 40 s, velocity anomalies are related to variations in crustal thickness and temperature. The most prominent low velocity anomaly correlates with thick crust and high mantle temperatures associated with the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Central American volcanic arc. The most remarkable features for longer periods (40-60 s) are the differences between high-velocity anomalies beneath the Mayan block, the Gulf of Mexico and the cratonic part of the United States and low-velocity anomalies beneath the Chortis block and northern Mexico. The long wavelength features of our model agree well with previous global and continental scale studies. However, because of the increased station density of the data set used, we are able to obtain reliable dispersion maps for shorter periods, and to image smaller scale features.
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: Over the past decade, several global maps of above-ground biomass (AGB) have been produced, but they exhibit significant differences that reduce their value for climate and carbon cycle modelling, and also for national estimates of forest carbon stocks and their changes. The number of such maps is anticipated to increase because of new satellite missions dedicated to measuring AGB. Objective and consistent methods to estimate the accuracy and uncertainty of AGB maps are therefore urgently needed. This paper develops and demonstrates a framework aimed at achieving this. The framework provides a means to compare AGB maps with AGB estimates from a global collection of National Forest Inventories and research plots that accounts for the uncertainty of plot AGB errors. This uncertainty depends strongly on plot size, and is dominated by the combined errors from tree measurements and allometric models (inter-quartile range of their standard deviation (SD) = 30–151 Mg ha−1). Estimates of sampling errors are also important, especially in the most common case where plots are smaller than map pixels (SD = 16–44 Mg ha−1). Plot uncertainty estimates are used to calculate the minimum-variance linear unbiased estimates of the mean forest AGB when averaged to 0.1∘. These are used to assess four AGB maps: Baccini (2000), GEOCARBON (2008), GlobBiomass (2010) and CCI Biomass (2017). Map bias, estimated using the differences between the plot and 0.1∘ map averages, is modelled using random forest regression driven by variables shown to affect the map estimates. The bias model is particularly sensitive to the map estimate of AGB and tree cover, and exhibits strong regional biases. Variograms indicate that AGB map errors have map-specific spatial correlation up to a range of 50–104 km, which increases the variance of spatially aggregated AGB map estimates compared to when pixel errors are independent. After bias adjustment, total pantropical AGB and its associated SD are derived for the four map epochs. This total becomes closer to the value estimated by the Forest Resources Assessment after every epoch and shows a similar decrease. The framework is applicable to both local and global-scale analysis, and is available at https://github.com/arnanaraza/PlotToMap. Our study therefore constitutes a major step towards improved AGB map validation and improvement.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Description: Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHS) have several advantages when compared to other water supply alternatives in urban areas. These systems have been proved to facilitate the path toward some targets of the sixth Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 6). The dissemination of RWHS in urban areas reduce the demand for centralized water supply systems, improve the water access for disadvantaged communities and it can have benefits for the urban drainage system. However, there are specific conditions for both the communities and the water utility in which the systems are more beneficial. This study proposed guidelines for public policies to facilitate the dissemination of RWHS in Brazil. The work initiated defining a procedure to select cities in the state of Goiás. The second step of the work proposed a methodology to evaluate the impacts of RWHS dissemination in the water utility sustainability.Considering results from a previous evaluation of the impacts for household owners, this study selected cities for the application of the whole procedure based on the following criteria: water safety index, number of inhabitants and average annual rainfall. Additionally, the feasibility of RWHS was tested in the context of deep uncertainties and applied to the city of Formosa.We verified that water savings when deploying RWHS to a large number of users may improve local water security. Despite the variation in the demand required from the water utility throughout the year, rainwater harvesting may benefit from public policy that improve urban water supply and make cities more sustainable.
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-25
    Description: The propagation and radial evolution of energetic particle events can only be studied by multiple-point simultaneous in-situ measurement within the heliosphere. The joint ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission that was launched in February 2020, is designed to study the Sun and inner heliosphere in greater detail than ever before. The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) investigation on Solar Orbiter is a suite of four different sensors that measure the energetic particles from slightly above solar wind energies to hundreds of MeV/nucleon. Since launched, EPD already observed numerous large solar energetic particle (SEP) and energetic storm particle (ESP) events inside of 1 au in greater temporal and spectral resolutions than ever before. Many of these events were also measured by spacecraft at 1 au such as ACE and/or STEREO. On April 2, 2022, an active region (AR 12975) on the western limb (W80) of the Sun produced a large SEP event and associated fast moving (〉1400 km/s) coronal mass ejection (CME) and a CME-driven interplanetary shock. During that time, the Solar Orbiter spacecraft was cruising near its perihelion distance (~0.35 au) at W109 relative to the Earth-Sun line, and the STEREO Ahead spacecraft was at E35. Together, the particle instruments on these probes measured the SEP/ESP and the plasma and field instruments detected the associated interplanetary shock/CMEs on April 2-3, 2022. In this paper, we report the multi-spacecraft observations of this event that were measured by Solar Orbiter, and we discuss the propagation and transport of SEPs from 0.3 to 1 au.
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: Smallholder farmers are critical to global food production and natural resource management. Due to increased competition for water resources and variability in rainfall due to climate change, chronic irrigation water scarcity is rising particularly in drought-prone regions like Vidarbha, Maharashtra (India). Improving irrigation water efficiency is critical to sustainable agricultural intensification. We have developed software that allows farmers to take decisions in real-time based on the implemented practices in their crops. By implementing a socio-hydrological dynamic model, the software provides a risk forecast of the yield and profit the user can expect at the end of the season under the current practices; in addition, the software computes the forecast of the production under a provided best practices scenario, so the users can compare and improve their practices. The model considers also as state variables the water storage water and biomass production, providing an understanding of the impact of the executed practices in the natural resources. We’ve focused on object-oriented programming (OOP) approach in order to optimise the management of the information. The app not only processes social and agricultural information provided by the user but also retrieves and continually updates climate datasets from the web, as well as market prices. The farmers can request the execution of the social-hydrological model to our servers from their own mobile devices, helping to the adoption of technologies. In addition, this software represents a useful tool to capture and follow information about the use of water by farmers.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 10
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-05
    Description: Changes in the climate system over recent decades have modified the wind stress driving the Southern Ocean circulation, thus modifying the very energetic mesoscale eddy field at the latitudes of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Past studies have mainly focussed on the temporal variations of eddy kinetic energy (EKE). Here, we analyze the regional patterns and temporal evolution of the ACC mesoscale eddy field over the past 60 years, investigating the role of the ocean-atmosphere coupling (in the form of absolute vs. relative winds in the momentum equation). A set of global ocean model experiments containing a nested 0.1 resolution ACC domain is analyzed. The eddy statistics, computed with an eddy detection and tracking algorithm based on the Okubo-Weiss parameter, shows good consistency with satellite-based estimates. The temporal evolution of the eddy statistics is driven to a large extent by the sustained strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, gradually shifting towards smaller and more energetic eddies since the 1970s. The trend in the amplitude is related with the sustained increase in wind work and vertical shear of the ACC, and is correlated to the changes in EKE, both spatially and temporally. Likewise, the more energetic model with absolute winds exhibits smaller and more energetic mesoscale eddies. These results suggest that the ocean-atmosphere coupling and resulting ocean density structure significantly affect the mean and temporal evolution of the mesoscale eddy field properties.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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