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  • 1
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    Circular business models for remanufacturing in the electric bicycle industry (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-03
    Description: The rising popularity and strong increase in the number of electric bicycles make it necessary to consider the built-in resources as well as possible treatments after the use phase. The time lag between the purchase and the occurrence of relevant defects suggests significant increases in defective components. Especially the great dynamics of the market due to regular innovations, product renewals, and the lack of spare parts availability for older models make the long-term use by customers much more difficult than for conventional bicycles. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze circular business models for the electric bicycle market. In this way, the required structures for a sustainable electric bicycle industry can be created so that valuable materials do not go into disposal but undergo a new use phase. Based on the results of "AddRE-Mo-Value Preservation Scenarios for Urban Electromobility of Persons and Loads through Additive Manufacturing and Remanufacturing," a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, this paper addresses four circular business models, two sales models, and two service models. The guiding research interest of this paper is the combination of remanufacturing and additive manufacturing from a business model perspective, analyzing the extent to which additive remanufacturing can be considered a solution for electric bicycles' circularity. After describing the approach and methods used to develop these four circular business models the business models are described and analyzed using the Business Model Canvas. Based on this analysis, it is shown that the combination of remanufacturing and additive manufacturing can be applied to the electric bicycle market and be integrated into both sales and service models. The description of these business models will help managers design viable business models in the context of sustainable electric bicycles. It also shows that the individual partners within the value chain must collaborate more closely. In the electric bicycle industry, a single company will probably not be able to close the product cycle completely. Further research is needed to develop concepts of the business models and examine their practical feasibility in technical and organizational operations to achieve a circular economy.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 2
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    Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2 (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are stimulated by the strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are increasing considered to be a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion through the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature´s closed cycles of carbon. Sustainable and efficient PHA production requires understanding and improvement of all the individual process steps. Holistic improvement of PHA production, applicable on an industrially relevant scale, calls for, inter alia, consolidated knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic particularities of PHA-accumulating organisms, an in-depth understanding of the kinetics of the bioprocess, the selection of appropriate inexpensive fermentation feedstocks, tailoring of PHA composition at the level of its monomeric constituents, optimized biotechnological engineering, and novel strategies for PHA recovery from biomass characterized by low energy and chemical requirements. This Special Issue represents a comprehensive compilation of articles in which these individual aspects have been addressed by globally recognized experts.
    Keywords: TP248.13-248.65 ; T1-995 ; Cupriavidus necator ; alginate ; tissue engineering ; PAT ; simulation ; terpolyester ; high cell density cultivation ; process simulation ; selective laser sintering ; gaseous substrates ; microaerophilic ; in-line monitoring ; Pseudomonas sp. ; additive manufacturing ; fed-batch ; terpolymer ; on-line ; bubble column bioreactor ; biopolymer ; fused deposition modeling ; biomaterials ; polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) ; Pseudomonas putida ; fed-batch fermentation ; blends ; upstream processing ; wound healing ; activated charcoal ; downstream processing ; Archaea ; polyhydroxyalkanoates processing ; film ; bioreactor ; medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) ; Ralstonia eutropha ; hydrolysate detoxification ; extremophiles ; Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; process analytical technologies ; PHA composition ; COMSOL ; non-Newtonian fluid ; tequila bagasse ; biopolyester ; biosurfactants ; Haloferax ; PHA ; phenolic compounds ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; PHB ; in-line ; Pseudomonas ; haloarchaea ; plant oil ; PHA processing ; bioeconomy ; delivery system ; P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB) ; productivity ; electrospinning ; cyanobacteria ; waste streams ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; oxygen transfer ; polyhydroxyalkanoate ; biomedical application ; photon density wave spectroscopy ; carbon dioxide ; salinity ; PDW ; rheology ; halophiles ; feedstocks ; high-cell-density fed-batch ; biomedicine ; process engineering ; bioprocess design ; viscosity ; computer-aided wet-spinning ; microorganism ; Cupriavidus malaysiensis ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHVB) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Currently, we are witnessing highly dynamic research efforts related to the exciting field of novel biodegradable plastic-like materials. These activities originate from a growing public awareness of prevailing ecological problems associated to, e.g., rising piles of plastic waste, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and ongoing depletion of such fossil resources usually used for the synthesis of “full carbon backbone” plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of versatile plastic-like materials produced by living microbes, are a future-oriented alternative to traditional plastics. If accomplished in an optimized way, production and the entire lifecycle of PHA are embedded into nature´s closed carbon cycle, which is underlined by PHA´s main benefits of being “biobased”, “biosynthesized”, “biocompatible”, and “biodegradable”. Sustainable and economically feasible PHA synthesis, especially on an industrially relevant scale, requires all production steps to be understood and improved. Among other aspects, this calls for new powerful production strains to be screened; knowledge about the proteome and genome of PHA accumulating organisms to be consolidated; the kinetics of the bioprocesses to be thoroughly understood; abundantly available inexpensive raw materials to be tested; the monomer composition of PHA to be adapted; (bio)chemical engineering to be optimized; and novel PHA recovery strategies to be developed in order to reduce energy and chemical inventory. The present book provides a comprehensive compilation of articles addressing all these different aspects; the individual chapters were composed by globally recognized front running experts from special niches of PHA research. We are convinced that this book will be of major benefit to the growing scientific community active in biopolymer research.
    Keywords: TP248.13-248.65 ; bacteria ; strain selection ; copolyester ; feedstocks ; haloarchaea ; sustainability ; process engineering ; pure culture ; waste streams ; fermentation ; processing ; metabolism ; mixed microbial cultures ; polyhydroxyalkanoate ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter Whey Lactose as a Raw Material for Microbial Production of Biodegradable Polyesters (2021)
    InTechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Fossil fuel technologies
    Keywords: Technology, engineering, agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Voices of the Land: The Seed Savers and Other Plays (2021)
    Athabasca University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The sound of the wind across a Prairie field, the smell of grass on the first day of spring, the vocalization of birds in the early morning woods, the silence of the lake at night interrupted by call of the loon ? these are the shapes and sounds of the Prairie landscape. Katherine Koller invokes the Prairie setting as a central character in each of the four plays in Voices of the Land. Serving a supportive and, at other times, antagonistic role, the landscape acts upon the characters, driving and intensifying their transformation. The land and those who live in intimate terms with it are the focus of Koller?s plays. In The Seed Savers, farmers face pressure to purchase genetically modified seed; a protagonist refuses to sell untilled land for development in Cowboy Boots and a Corsage; a dying woman sees a lake as her final resting place in Abby?s Place; and in The Early Worm Club, Millie realizes a deep sense of belonging to the Alberta parkland and its birds while searching for her mate. Nature goes beyond mere setting and backdrop in these plays to effect transformation and resolution on the characters. Ranging from romantic comedy to drama and from one-act to full-length, the plays in Voices of the Land show western Canadians at the point of leaving, returning, and renewing against the backdrop of their native landscape.
    Keywords: PN1600-3307 ; Wind ; prairies ; Drama ; Alberta author
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Solar wind control of magnetosheath jet formation: Low and high IMF cone angle regimes and solar cycle dependence (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-16
    Description: Magnetosheath jets are dynamic pressure enhancements that frequently emerge from the Earth's bow shock. Earthward propagating jets can traverse the magnetosheath and eventually impact the subsolar magnetopause. The occurrence of jets is strongly influenced by solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. Most importantly, jets are known to occur significantly more often downstream of the quasi-parallel shock than the quasi-perpendicular shock. However, as the quasi-perpendicular configuration is more common at the Earth's bow shock, quasi-perpendicular jets can represent a significant fraction of jets. To better understand the solar wind influence on jet formation in these two different shock regimes, we use Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft magnetosheath observations and OMNI solar wind measurements to study jets in the subsolar magnetosheath separately during low and high IMF cone angles. We find that during low IMF cone angles (downstream of the quasi-parallel shock) jet occurrence near the bow shock is not sensitive to other solar wind parameters. However, during high IMF cone angles (downstream of the quasi-perpendicular shock) jet occurrence is higher during low IMF strength, low density, high beta, and high Alfvén Mach number conditions. This suggests that quasi-perpendicular shock dynamics amplified by higher beta and Alfvén Mach number can lead to formation of jets. As solar wind conditions vary throughout the solar cycle, we also present a statistical model of jet occurrence as a function of solar wind conditions and use it to estimate the yearly jet occurrence rates throughout solar cycle 24.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
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    A systematic global stocktake of evidence on human adaptation to climate change (2021)
    In:  Nature Climate Change
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Assessing global progress on human adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority. Although the literature on adaptation to climate change is rapidly expanding, little is known about the actual extent of implementation. We systematically screened 〉48,000 articles using machine learning methods and a global network of 126 researchers. Our synthesis of the resulting 1,682 articles presents a systematic and comprehensive global stocktake of implemented human adaptation to climate change. Documented adaptations were largely fragmented, local and incremental, with limited evidence of transformational adaptation and negligible evidence of risk reduction outcomes. We identify eight priorities for global adaptation research: assess the effectiveness of adaptation responses, enhance the understanding of limits to adaptation, enable individuals and civil society to adapt, include missing places, scholars and scholarship, understand private sector responses, improve methods for synthesizing different forms of evidence, assess the adaptation at different temperature thresholds, and improve the inclusion of timescale and the dynamics of responses.
    Language: English
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