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  • English  (5)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Gravity gradient measurements from ESA's satellite mission Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) contain significant high- and mid-frequency signal components, which are primarily caused by the attraction of the Earth's topographic and isostatic masses. In order to mitigate the resulting numerical instability of a harmonic downward continuation, the observed gradients can be smoothed with respect to topographic-isostatic effects using a remove-compute-restore technique. For this reason, topographic-isostatic reductions are calculated by forward modeling that employs the advanced Rock-Water-Ice methodology. The basis of this approach is a three-layer decomposition of the topography with variable density values and a modified Airy-Heiskanen isostatic concept incorporating a depth model of the MohoroviiA double dagger discontinuity. Moreover, tesseroid bodies are utilized for mass discretization and arranged on an ellipsoidal reference surface. To evaluate the degree of smoothing via topographic-isostatic reduction of GOCE gravity gradients, a wavelet-based assessment is presented in this paper and compared with statistical inferences in the space domain. Using the Morlet wavelet, continuous wavelet transforms are applied to measured GOCE gravity gradients before and after reducing topographic-isostatic signals. By analyzing a representative data set in the Himalayan region, an employment of the reductions leads to significantly smoothed gradients. In addition, smoothing effects that are invisible in the space domain can be detected in wavelet scalograms, making a wavelet-based spectral analysis a powerful tool.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    In:  GEOTECHNOLOGIEN Science Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-05-08
    Description: One of the great challenges that the IAG African Geoid Project faces is the significantly large gravity data gaps. Simple interpolation of the gravity data does not add new information at the large data gaps. Accordingly, the variable lateral crustal density model produced by the University of New Brunswick (Steng et al., 2019), available as a 30″×30″ grid, has been employed in the framework of the non-ambiguous window remove-restore technique (Abd-Elmotaal and Kühtreiber, 2003), aiming for better smoothed reduced anomalies to minimize the interpolation errors. The lateral crustal density model assigns the great lakes with density equal to 1.0 g/cm3, and the oceans with density equal to zero. This causes a misleading when computing the effect of topographic masses in the window remove-restore technique. Accordingly, a density model compatible with the computation of the effect of topographic masses within the window remove-restore technique has been developed. A set of Digital Density Models DDMs is needed for the computation of the effect of the topographic masses. This has been achieved by the block average operator technique. The effect of implementing the crustal density is computed by the comparison of the interpolated gravity using the density models versus that using constant densities. The results are shown and broadly discussed.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-10-02
    Description: Tropospheric water vapor is one of the most important trace gases of the Earth's climate system, and its temporal and spatial distribution is critical for the genesis of clouds and precipitation. Due to the pronounced dynamics of the atmosphere and the nonlinear relation of air temperature and saturated vapor pressure, it is highly variable, which hampers the development of high-resolution and three-dimensional maps of regional extent. With their complementary high temporal and spatial resolutions, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) meteorology and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellite remote sensing represent a significant alternative to generally sparsely distributed radio sounding observations. In addition, data fusion with collocation and tomographical methods enables the construction of detailed maps in either two or three dimensions. Finally, by assimilation of these observation-derived datasets with dynamical regional atmospheric models, tropospheric water vapor fields can be determined with high spatial and continuous temporal resolution. In the following, a collection of basic and processed datasets, obtained with the above-listed methods, is presented that describes the state and course of atmospheric water vapor for the extent of the GNSS Upper Rhine Graben Network (GURN) region. The dataset contains hourly 2D fields of integrated water vapor (IWV) and 3D fields of water vapor density (WVD) for four multi-week, variable season periods between April 2016 and October 2018 at a spatial resolution of (2.1 km)2. Zenith total delay (ZTD) from GNSS and collocation and refractivities are provided as intermediate products. InSAR (Sentinel-1A/B)-derived double differential slant total delay phases (ddSTDPs) and GNSS-based ZTDs are available for March 2015 to July 2019. The validation of data assimilation with five independent GNSS stations for IWV shows improving Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) scores for all seasons, most notably for summer, with collocation data assimilation (KGE = 0.92) versus the open-cycle simulation (KGE = 0.69). The full dataset can be obtained from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936447 (Fersch et al., 2021).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-10-02
    Description: The ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) has been used extensively to retrieve integrated water vapour (IWV) and has been adopted as a unique tool for the assessments of atmospheric reanalyses. In this study, we investigated the multi-temporal-scale variabilities and trends of IWV over Europe by using IWV time series from 108 GPS stations for more than 2 decades (1994–2018). We then adopted the GPS IWV as a reference to assess six commonly used atmospheric reanalyses, namely the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR); ERA5; ERA-Interim; the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55); the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2); and NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (NCEP-2). The GPS results show that the peaks of the diurnal harmonics are within 15:00–21:00 in local solar time at 90 % of the stations. The diurnal amplitudes are 0–1.2 kg m−2 (0 %–8 % of the daily mean IWV), and they are found to be related to seasons and locations with different mechanisms, such as solar heating, land–sea breeze, and orographic circulation. However, mismatches in the diurnal cycle of ERA5 IWV between 09:00 and 10:00 UTC as well as between 21:00 and 22:00 UTC were found and evaluated for the first time, and they can be attributed to the edge effect in each ERA5 assimilation cycle. The average ERA5 IWV shifts are −0.08 and 0.19 kg m−2 at the two epochs, and they were found to be more significant in summer and in the Alps and in Eastern and central Europe in some cases. Nevertheless, ERA5 outperforms the other reanalyses in reproducing diurnal IWV anomalies at all the 1-, 3-, and 6-hourly temporal resolutions. ERA5 is also superior to the others in modelling the annual cycle and linear trend of IWV. For instance, the IWV trend differences between ERA5 and GPS are quite small, with a mean value and a standard deviation of 0.01 % per decade and 0.97 % per decade, respectively. However, due to significant discrepancies with respect to GPS, CFSR and NCEP-2 are not recommended for the analysis of IWV trends over southern Europe and the whole of Europe, respectively.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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