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  • English  (4,043)
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  • 1
    Call number: ZSP-202-315
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Part 1:Mesoscale strain measurements on the Beaufort Sea pack ice. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Previous work. - Site location. - Results. - Correlation of synoptic aerial photography with measured strains. - Correlation of estimated wind stress and strain. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Part II: Structure of a multiyear pressure ridge. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Profiles. - Internal properties. - Largest ridge sail. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Part III: Top and bottom roughness of a multiyear ice floe. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Results. - Literature cited. - Part IV:Airphoto analysis of ice deformation in the Beaufort Sea Abstract. - Introduction. - Study area. - Method of analysis. - Ice deformations. - Net deformational changes. - Pressure ridge distribution. - Summary and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Part V: Data on morphological and physical characteristics of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea.
    Description / Table of Contents: Mesoscale strain measurements on the Beaufort Sea pack ice; Structure of a multiyear pressure ridge; Top and bottom roughness of a multiyear ice floe; Airphoto analysis of ice deformation in the Beaufort Sea; Data on morphological and physical characteristics of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 66 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 315
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/18
    In: CRREL Report, 76-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Three surface elevation and ice thickness profiles obtained during the 1972 Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment on a multiyear ice floe were analyzed to obtain relationships between surface elevation, thickness and physical properties of the ice. It was found that for ice freeboards from 0.10 m to 1.05 m above sea level a linear relationship between ice density and freeboard could be postulated. The equation for the regression line is: Ice density = -194f' + 974 kg/cu m where f' is the ice freeboard plus snow depth in ice equivalent at the point in question. This statistical relationship is consistent with observed physical properties, which indicate that as the ice freeboard increases, ice salinity decreases and the higher freeboard or thicker ice therefore decreases in density. Using this variable density with freeboard relationship, a model was constructed to predict ice thickness, given ice freeboard and snow depth alone. This prediction is desirable, since snow depth and freeboard are relatively easy to obtain, whereas ice thickness can usually be obtained only by drilling through the ice. The model was compared with two other models. It was found that the variable density prediction model gave the best approximation to observed ice thickness, with a standard error between the measured and predicted value of about 0.4 m, compared with errors from 50 to 100% higher for the other two models.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-18
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Previous work Results Models for predicting thickness from ice freeboard Comparison between measured and predicted thicknesses Spectral behavior of measured and predicted profiles Comparisons of ice thickness using airborne laser profilometry Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Misgivings on isostatic imbalance as a mechanism for sea ice cracking
    Location: AWI Archive
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington, D.C. : Mineralogical Society of America
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/M 94.0171 ; 11/M 93.0022/23
    In: Reviews in mineralogy
    Description / Table of Contents: This book and accompanying MSA short course was first considered in 1987 in response to what seemed to be a growing interest in the chemical reactions that take place at mineral-water interfaces. Now, in 1990, this area of work is firmly established as one of the major directions in mineralogical and geochemical research (see Chapter 1). We believe that there are two major reasons for this. The first is that there is a growing awareness within various earth science disciplines that interface chemistry is very important in many natural processes, i.e., these processes cannot be adequately described, much less understood, unless the role of interface chemistry is carefully considered. Perhaps the best illustration of this increase in awareness is the diverse backgrounds of the scientists who will be attending the short course. Participants have research interests in aqueous and environmental geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, and crystallography. In the final list of participants, one-quarter are from outside the United States, and include scientists from Australia, Canada, England, France, Israel, The Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland. The second reason that this field is one of the major new research directions in the earth sciences is because many methods, both experimental and theoretical, have relatively recently become available to study mineral surfaces and mineral-water interfaces. Many important spectroscopic techniques now used routinely to characterize surfaces and interfaces were not available twenty years ago, and some were not available just five years ago. To emphasize the importance of these methods, two Nobel prizes were awarded in the 1980's to the developers of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We have directed ourselves and the other authors of this book to follow the general guidelines of writing for "Reviews in Mineralogy". However, for the subject of mineral-water interface geochemistry, this is not easy because the field is far from mature. Several chapters are not reviews in the traditional sense in that they cover research that is relatively recent for which a considerable amount of work remains. In any case, we believe that this book describes most of the important concepts and contributions that have driven mineral-water interface geochemistry to its present state. We begin in Chapter 1 with examples of the global importance of mineral-water interface reactions and a brief review of the contents of the entire book. Thereafter, we have divided the book into four sections, including atomistic approaches (Chapters 2- 3), adsorption (Chapters 4-8), precipitation and dissolution (Chapters 9-11), and oxidation-reduction reactions (Chapters 11-14).
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xvi, 603 S.
    ISBN: 0-939950-28-6 , 978-0-939950-28-7
    ISSN: 1529-6466
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy 23
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Language: English
    Note: Chapter 1. Mineral-water Interface Geochemistry: An Overview by Michael F. Hochella, Jr. and Art F. White, p. 1 - 16 Chapter 2. Atomic Treatment of Mineral-water Surface Reactions by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 17 - 86 Chapter 3. Atomic Structure, Microtopography, Composition, and Reactivity of Mineral Surfaces by Michael F. Hochella, Jr., p. 87 - 132 Chapter 4. Surface Energy and Adsorption at Mineral/Water Interfaces: An Introduction by George A. Parks, p. 133 - 176 Chapter 5. Surface Complexation Modeling in Aqueous Geochemistry by James A. Davis and Douglas B. Kent, p. 177 - 260 Chapter 6. Molecular Models of Ion Adsorption on Mineral Surfaces by Garrison Sposito, p. 261 - 280 Chapter 7. Co-adsorption of Metal Ions and Organic Ligands: Formation of Ternary Surface Complexes by Paul W. Schindler, p. 281 - 308 Chapter 8. Spectroscopic Studies of Chemisorption Reaction Mechanisms at Oxide-Water Interfaces by Gordon E. Brown, Jr., p. 309 - 364 Chapter 9. Mechanisms of Growth and Dissolution of Sparingly Soluble Salts by Jing-Wu Zhang and George H. Nancollas, p. 365 - 396 Chapter 10. Leaching of Mineral and Glass Surfaces During Dissolution by William H. Casey and Bruce Bunker, p. 397 - 426 Chapter 11. Oxidative and Reductive Dissolution of Minerals by Janet G. Hering and Werner Stummv. p. 427 - 466 Chapter 12. Heterogeneous Electrochemical Reactions Associated with Oxidation of Ferrous Oxide and Silicate Surfaces by Art F. White, p. 467 - 510 Chapter 13. Spectroscopic Studies of Adsorption/Reduction Reactions of Aqueous Metal Complexes on Sulphide Surfaces by G. Michael Bancroft and Margaret M. Hyland, p. 511 - 558 Chapter 14. Photo-redox Processes at the Mineral-water Interface by T. David Waite, p. 559 - 603
    Location: Reading room
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Philadelphia : Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 19/M 95.0079
    In: Frontiers in applied mathematics
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vii, 264 S.
    ISBN: 0898712270
    Series Statement: Frontiers in applied mathematics 4
    Classification:
    C.1.8.
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
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  • 5
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory,
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-329
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: General Introduction. - Part I. Spatial and temporal variations in sea ice deformatfon. - Introduction. - Approach. - Site location and data collection procedures. - Data analysis. - Strain results. - Comparison of mesoscale deformation with macroscale deformation. - Nature of the ice pack rotation. - Conciusion. - Literature cited. - Part Il. Comparison of mesoscale strain measurements with linear drift theory predictions. - Introduction. - List of symbols. - Linear drift equations. - Ice drift solutions. - Comparison of theory with mesoscale measurements. - A more general linear constitutive law. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix Relative magnitudes of differential drift forces. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements of mesoscale sea ice deformation over a region approximately 20 km in diameter were made over a five-week period in the spring of 1972 at the main AIDJEX camp in the Beaufort Sea. They have been analyzed to determine nonlinearities in the ice velocity field (due to the discrete small-scale nature of the ice pack), as well as a continuum mode of deformation represented by a least squares strain rate tensor and vorticity. The deformation rate time series between Julian day 88 and 113 exhibited net areal changes as large as 3% and deformation rates up to 0.16% per hour. In the principal axis coordinate system, the strain rate typically exhibited a much larger compression (or extension) along one axis than along the other. Persistent cycles at ~12-hour wavelengths were observed in the divergence rate. A comparison of the average residual error with the average strain rate magnitude indicated that strains measured on a scale of 10 km or greater can serve as a valid measure of the continuum motion of the sea ice. This conclusion is also substantiated by a comparison between the mesoscale deformation, and macroscale deformation measured over a ~100-km-diameter region. Vorticity calculations indicate that at low temporal frequencies ( 〈 0.04 hr^-1 ) the whole mesoscale array rotates essentially as an entity and consequently the low frequency vorticity can accurately be estimated from the rotation of a single floe. (Part I) A comparison of mesoscale strain measurements with the atmospheric pressure field and the wind velocity field indicated that the ice divergence rate and vorticity followed the local pressure and wind divergence with significant correlation. For low atmospheric pressures and converging winds, the divergence rate was negative with the vorticity being counterclockwise. The inverse behavior was observed for high pressures and diverging winds. This behavior agreed with predictions based upon the infinite boundary solution of a linearized drift theory in the absence of gradient current effects and using the constitutive law proposed by Glen for pack ice. The best least squares values of the constitutive law parameters [Eta] and [Zeta] were found to be given by ~10^12 kg sec^-1. Using typical divergence rates, these values yielded compressive stresses of the magnitude of 10^5 N m^-1, which are similar to values suggested by the Parmerter and Coon ridge model. In general, the infinite boundary solution of the linear drift equation indicates that in a low pressure region that is reasonably localized in space, the ice would be expected to converge for high compactness (winter) and diverge for low compactness (summer). Calculations were also carried out using a more general linear viscoelastic constitutive law that includes memory effects and that includes a generalized Hooke's law as well as the Glen law as special cases. A best fit of this more general calculation with strain measurements indicates, overall, a better agreement with viscous behavior than with elastic behavior, with the frequency behavior of the estimated "viscosities" similar to the Glen law behavior at temporal frequencies less than ~0.01 hr^-1 (Part II)
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 37 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 329
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 6
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-310
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Field sites and procedures. - Results. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Tabulation of AIDJEX core data. - Appendix B: Tabulation of average salinity/ice thickness data. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The salinity distribution in multiyear sea ice is dependent on the ice topography and cannot be adequately represented by a single average profile. The cores collected from areas beneath surface hummocks generally showed a systematic increase in salinity with depth from 0 0/00 at tne surface to about 4 0/00 at the base. The cores collected from areas beneath surface depressions were much more saline and displayed large salinity fluctuations. Salinity observations from sea ice of varying thicknesses and ages collected at various arctic and subarctic locations revealed a strong correlation between the average salinity of the ice, S, and the ice thickness, h. For salinity samples collected from cold sea ice at the end of the growth season, this relationship can be represented by two linear equations: S = 14.24 - 19.39h (h? 0.4 m) ; S = 7.88 - 1.59h (h 〉 0.4 m) . It is suggested that the pronounced break in slope at 0.4 m is due to a change in the dominant brine drainage mechanism from brine expulsion to gravity drainage. A linear regression for the data collected during the melt season gives S = 1.58 + 0.18h. An annual cyclic variation of the mean salinity probably exists for multiyear sea ice. The mean salinity should reach a maximum at the end of the growth season and a minimum at the end of the melt season.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 310
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0001(964-E)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV S., S. 361-400, V S. + 11 pl.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin 964-E
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 8
    Call number: SR 90.0002(376)
    In: Professional paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VI, 145 S. + 4 pl.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey professional paper 376
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 9
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0002(391-A)
    In: Professional paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV, A-45 S.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey professional paper 391-A
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 10
    Call number: SR 90.0001(1046-O)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV S., S. 385-413 + 1 pl.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin 1046-O
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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