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  • English  (5)
  • 1
    Call number: SR 90.0008(67-49)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VII, 70 S. + 5 pl.
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 67-49
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: SR 90.0008(63-24)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 23 S. + 4 pl.
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 63-24
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-03-28
    Description: The winter 2019/2020 showed the lowest ozone mixing ratios ever observed in the Arctic winter stratosphere. It was the coldest Arctic stratospheric winter on record and was characterized by an unusually strong and long‐lasting polar vortex. We study the chemical evolution and ozone depletion in the winter 2019/2020 using the global Chemistry and Transport Model ATLAS. We examine whether the chemical processes in 2019/2020 are more characteristic of typical conditions in Antarctic winters or in average Arctic winters. Model runs for the winter 2019/2020 are compared to simulations of the Arctic winters 2004/2005, 2009/2010, and 2010/2011 and of the Antarctic winters 2006 and 2011, to assess differences in chemical evolution in winters with different meteorological conditions. In some respects, the winter 2019/2020 (and also the winter 2010/2011) was a hybrid between Arctic and Antarctic conditions, for example, with respect to the fraction of chlorine deactivation into HCl versus ClONO2, the amount of denitrification, and the importance of the heterogeneous HOCl + HCl reaction for chlorine activation. The pronounced ozone minimum of less than 0.2 ppm at about 450 K potential temperature that was observed in about 20% of the polar vortex area in 2019/2020 was caused by exceptionally long periods in the history of these air masses with low temperatures in sunlight. Based on a simple extrapolation of observed loss rates, only an additional 21–46 h spent below the upper temperature limit for polar stratospheric cloud formation and in sunlight would have been necessary to reduce ozone to near zero values (0.05 ppm) in these parts of the vortex.
    Description: Key Points: The Arctic stratospheric winter 2019/2020 showed the lowest ozone mixing ratios ever observed and was one of the coldest on record. Chemical evolution of the Arctic winter 2019/2020 was a hybrid between typical Arctic and typical Antarctic conditions. Only an additional 21–46 h below PSC temperatures and in sunlight would have been necessary to reduce ozone to near zero locally.
    Description: International Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC)
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; ddc:551.9
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-09-27
    Description: In the Antarctic ozone hole, ozone mixing ratios have been decreasing to extremely low values of 0.01–0.1 ppm in nearly all spring seasons since the late 1980s, corresponding to 95–99% local chemical loss. In contrast, Arctic ozone loss has been much more limited and mixing ratios have never before fallen below 0.5 ppm. In Arctic spring 2020, however, ozonesonde measurements in the most depleted parts of the polar vortex show a highly depleted layer, with ozone loss averaged over sondes peaking at 93% at 18 km. Typical minimum mixing ratios of 0.2 ppm were observed, with individual profiles showing values as low as 0.13 ppm (96% loss). The reason for the unprecedented chemical loss was an unusually strong, long-lasting, and cold polar vortex, showing that for individual winters the effect of the slow decline of ozone-depleting substances on ozone depletion may be counteracted by low temperatures.
    Keywords: 551.9 ; ozone ; stratosphere ; ozone loss ; Arctic ; ozone hole ; temperature
    Language: English
    Type: map
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  • 5
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-13
    Description: The importance of long-term ozonesonde records as a stable reference has led to increased attention to quantifying uncertainties and changes in ozonesonde data. The recent Assessment of Standard Operating Procedures for Ozone Sondes (ASOPOS 2.0; WMO/GAW Report #268) recommended that homogeneity and long-term stability in ozone sounding network time series be evaluated regularly by comparison with satellite sensors, as well as ground-based photometers.An abrupt change in ozone bias relative to several satellite sensors – a total column ozone (TCO) “dropoff” of about 2-3% – has been reported at number of ozonesonde stations (Stauffer et al., 2020), including Canadian stations. The dropoff affects stratospheric measurements from the EnSci ozonesonde, after 2013 (approximately serial number 26000). The Canadian network recently switched to Science Pump sondes (after serial number 32000), and this has reversed the dropoff, and approximately restored agreement with satellite sensors.It is not standard practice to calibrate individual ozonesonde pumps before launch, as this is difficult and labour-intensive; rather an average pump calibration is used in data processing. Recently, an analysis of an extensive record of individual EnSci pump calibrations made since 2009 (Nakano and Morofuji, 2022) has shown a small negative shift in the low-pressure pump correction, equal to 2% at 20 hPa and 4% at 10 hPa. This agrees very well with the average differences found with MLS at 31 hPa and 10 hPa, for Canadian data. The use of these new pump corrections with Canadian data is explored, and results are compared to MLS, and other satellite sensors.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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