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  • 1
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    Devonian Climate, Sea Level and Evolutionary Events (2016)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The geological and palaeontological records of climate change and evolutionary events reflect Earth's widely fluctuating climate systems. Past climates hold the clues to understanding future developments. In this context, research on linked climate, biodiversity and sea-level fluctuations of the Devonian contributes to the general knowledge of deep-time climate dynamics. A fruitful co-operation between the International Geoscience Programme IGCP 596 and the International Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy (SDS) addressed the complex succession of climate-linked Devonian global events of varying magnitude. The primary goal of IGCP 596 was to assess mid-Palaeozoic climate changes and their impact on marine and terrestrial biodiversity using an interdisciplinary approach. The focus of SDS includes a revision of the eustatic sea-level curve and the integration of refined chrono- and biostratigraphy with modern chemo-, magneto-, cyclo-, event- and sequence stratigraphy. This enabled the much improved dating and correlation of abiotic perturbations, evolutionary changes, organism and ecosystem ranges. Results by 37 authors are presented in 14 chapters, which cover the entire Devonian.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (481 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862397347
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/423/1
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Devonian Events and Correlations (2007)
    London : The Geological Society
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Devonian was a peculiar period, characterized by simplified plate tectonic configurations, climatic overheating and widely flooded continents. The bloom of fishes and ammonoids, extensive reef complexes, and the conquest of land indicate major biosphere innovations, punctuated by many global events, including two of the biggest mass extinctions. The Devonian was the first system for which subdivisions were formally defined. This was achieved by significant advances in pelagic biostratigraphy. The chronostratigraphic framework and interdisciplinary techniques allow us to correlate intervals or sudden events across facies boundaries, in order to reconstruct the sedimentary and evolutionary history of the system with highest precision. This volume honors the lifetime stratigraphic achievements of Michael Robert House (1930-2002). Based on case studies from Europe, North Africa and North America, it shows how the combination of biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy and event stratigraphy can contribute to a much deeper understanding of both regional and global environmental change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862392229
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/vol278/issue1/
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
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    Review of Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary sections in the Rhenish Slate Mountains (Germany) (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Thirty Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary sections of the Rhenish Slate Mountains and adjacent subsurface areas are reviewed with respect to litho-, event, conodont, ammonoid, sequence, and chemostratigraphy. In the interval from the base of the uppermost Famennian (Wocklum Beds, Wocklumian) to the base of the middle Tournaisian (base Lower Alum Shale), 11 conodont and 16 ammonoid (sub)zones are distinguished. The terminology of the Hangenberg Crisis Interval is refined, with an overall regressive Crisis Prelude below the main Hangenberg Extinction, which defines the base of the transgressive Lower Crisis Interval (Hangenberg Black Shale). The glacigenic and regressive Middle Crisis Interval (Hangenberg Shale/Sandstone) is followed by the overall transgressive Upper Crisis Interval that can be subdivided into three parts (I to III) with the help of conodont stratigraphy (upper costatus-kockeli Interregnum = upper ckI, Protognathodus kockeli Zone, and lower part of Siphonodella (Eosiphonodella) sulcata s.l./Pr. kuehni Zone). Protognathodus kockeli includes currently a wide range of forms, which variabilities and precise ranges need to be established before a precise GSSP level should be selected. Returning to its original definition, the former Upper duplicata Zone is re-named as Siphonodella (S.) mehli Zone. It replaces the S. (S.) jii Zone, which is hampered by taxonomic complications. The S. (S.) quadruplicata Zone of Ji (1985) is hardly supported by Rhenish data. The entry of typical S. (S.) lobata (M1) characterises an upper subdivision (subzone) of the S. (S.) sandbergi Zone; the new S. (S.) lobata M2 enters much earlier within the S. (S.) mehli Zone. The ammonoid-defined base of the Wocklum-Stufe (Upper Devonian = UD VI) begins with the Linguaclymenia similis Zone (UD VI-A1). The oldest S. (Eosiphonodella) enter within the Muessenbiaergia bisulcata Zone (UD VI-A2). The traditional Parawocklumeria paradoxa Zone of Schindewolf (1937) is divided into successive P. paprothae (VI-C1), P. paradoxa (VI-C2), and Mayneoceras nucleus (VI-C3) Subzones. In the lower Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous = LC I), the Gattendorfia subinvoluta Zone is subdivided into G. subinvoluta (LC I-A2) and “Eocanites” nodosus (LC I-A3) Subzones. The Paprothites dorsoplanus Zone (LC I-B) can be divided into Pap. dorsoplanus (LC I-B1) and Paragattendorfia sphaeroides (LC I-B2) Subzones. Potential subdivisions of the Pseudarietites westfalicus (LC I-C) and Parag. patens Zones (LC I-D) are less distinctive. The unfossiliferous or argillaceous upper part of the Hangenberg Limestone and the overlying Lower Alum Shale Event Interval remain regionally unzoned for ammonoids.
    Description: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (1056)
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; Rhenish Massif ; Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary ; Lithostratigraphy ; Biostratigraphy ; Hangenberg Crisis ; Carbon isotopes
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 4
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    Bioclastic bottom‐current deposits of a Devonian contourite terrace: Facies variability and depositional architecture (Tafilalt Platform, Morocco) (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉ABSTRACT〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The study examines bioclastic carbonate contourites that arise from the broad spectrum of bottom‐current related sedimentary processes ranging from deposition to erosion. The result of the intermittent accumulation of sediment are thin and condensed successions with abundant hiatuses. Such bottom‐current deposits are poorly known, since the broadly accepted contourite‐facies model, the bi‐gradational sequence, characterizes environments of contourite depositional systems as a continuous accretion of fine‐grained siliciclastic sediments. To increase current understanding of the carbonate facies within hiatal contourite records, the Eifelian–Frasnian of the Tafilalt Platform in Morocco was investigated. The succession is divided into five facies associations that are interpreted to reflect pelagic sedimentation and deposition from bottom currents on a contourite terrace, a gently inclined section of the upper slope of Gondwana shaped by a water‐mass interface. Contourite deposition was mainly controlled by oxic clear‐water currents (documented by moderately to completely bioturbated limestones with abundant hydrogenetic ferromanganese nodules, and low organic‐carbon contents), at times also by an anoxic water mass (featured by organic‐rich coquinas with absent to sparse bioturbation and predominantly syngenetic framboidal pyrites). Biostratigraphic data and the overall depositional architecture display palaeoceanographic hydrodynamic processes associated with a shifting water‐mass interface. The inner terrace was characterized by an alongslope contourite channel and a small mounded drift at its downslope margin. Energetic bottom currents furthermore caused abraded surfaces, i.e. plain areas of non‐deposition and localized erosion, and sandy condensation layers. The microfacies reflects repeated alternation between suspension deposition, winnowing of fines, bedload traction, dynamic sediment bypassing and reworking, together with concomitant seafloor cementation. Coquinas of mainly planktonic and nektonic organisms are identified as integral parts of bi‐gradational contourite sequences showing inverse and normal grading. Hiatal lag concentrations of carbonate intraclasts, ferromanganese nodules and conodonts often drape hardgrounds and erosional surfaces at the midpoint of these frequently incomplete sequences. This Devonian case provides the opportunity to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the bed‐scale contourite sequence, also with regard to the drift‐scale depositional architecture. In addition, the identified high‐resolution record is a starting point for unravelling the pattern of oceanic circulation in the Devonian greenhouse world.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:551.7 ; Anti‐Atlas ; bi‐gradational sequence ; bioclastic contourite ; carbonate contourite ; cephalopod limestone ; contourite channel ; contourite terrace
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 5
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    Increased heat stress reduces future yields of three major crops in Pakistan’s Punjab region despite intensification of irrigation (2023)
    In:  Agricultural Water Management
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-16
    Description: Climate change and variability threaten the sustainability of future food production, especially in semi-arid regions where water resources are limited and irrigated agriculture is widespread. Increasing temperatures will exacerbate evaporative losses and increase plant water needs. In this regard, higher irrigation intensities have been posited as a solution to mitigate climate change impacts in these regions. Here, using the agro-hydrological model SWAT and the biophysical crop model APSIM, we show that this mitigation measure is oversimplified. We find that heat stress, driven by strong temperature increases, might be the dominating factor in controlling future crop yields and plant water needs. Our analysis encompasses agricultural areas of the Lower Chenab Canal System in Punjab, Pakistan (15,000 km2), which is part of the Indus River irrigation system, the largest irrigation system in the world, covering major cotton, rice and maize cropping zones. Climate models project a strong increase in temperature over the study region of up to 1.8 °C (±0.5 °C) until the mid-century. Both models predict a decline in future crop yields for maize and rice crops, while cotton yields are less effected by rising temperatures and strongly benefit from elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. For a high carbon emission scenario, the models simulate yield declines for maize of up to −10% (APSIM) and −19% (SWAT); for rice yields of up to −4% (APSIM) to −26% (SWAT), and for cotton yields of −1% (APSIM) to +11% (SWAT), until 2050, relative to the baseline scenario 1996–2005. Our modeling results further suggest that irrigation demands do not align with increasing temperature trends. Average irrigation demands increase less under higher temperatures. Overall, our study emphasizes the role of elevated heat stress, its effects on agricultural productivity as well as water demand, and its implications for climate change adaption strategies to mitigate adverse impacts in an intensively irrigated region.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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    CITATION PIK
  • 6
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    Long-term changes in surface radiative fluxes over Germany and their causes (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Description: We study long-term changes in surface radiative fluxes and their causes using surface radiation observations from the German Weather Service.Time series of solar radiation observations initiated at Potsdam in 1937 demonstrate the decrease in global radiation from the 1950s caused by an increase in the atmospheric aerosol load due to anthropogenic activities. This dimming period is followed by a brightening from the middle of the 1980s, i.e. an increase in global radiation caused by a decrease in the aerosol load as a consequence of the implementation of mechanism of air poullution reduction. The decrease in the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is well documented by sunphotometer observations, which were initiated in the mid-eighties.While the aerosol load has stabilized at low levels after the turn of the century and thus the direct aerosol effect has decreased, the global radiation continues to increase. It is likely that other atmospheric phenomena such as cloudiness contribute to the recent increase in global radiation and hence in the incoming radiative energy as the incoming longwave radiation has been also increasing, mainly due to raising air temperature and greenhouse gas concentrations, which is in line with the output of GCM’s. We study changes in cloudiness using the concept of the cloud radiative effect (CRE). Preliminary results indicate that the magnitude of the CRE has decreased which implies a decrease in cloud cover, shift towards a different cloud type and/or changes in microphysical cloud properties.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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