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  • 1
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    Petroleum Microbial Biotechnology : Challenges and Prospects (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: hydrocarbon ; Oil reservoir ; corrosion ; Enhanced Oil Recovery ; methanogenesis ; biosurfactants ; Biodesulfurization ; Energy ; petroleum biotechnology ; Biodegradation
    Description / Table of Contents: Petroleum hydrocarbons are both a product of, and rich substrate for, microorganisms from across all Domains of life. Rooted deeply in the history of microbiology, hydrocarbons have been studied as sources of carbon and energy for microorganisms for over a century. As global demand for petroleum and its refined products continues to rise, so do challenges associated with environmental pollution, oil well souring, infrastructure corrosion, oil recovery, transport, refining, and upgrading of heavy crude oils and bitumens. Advances in genomics, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering has invigorated interest in petroleum microbial biotechnology as interest grows in technologies for in situ methane production, biodesulfurization and biodenitrogenation, bio-upgrading of heavy crudes, microbial enhanced oil recovery, corrosion control, and biocatalysts for generating value-added products. Given the complexity of the global petroleum industry and the harsh conditions in which it operates, a deeper understanding of the ecophysiology of aerobic and anaerobic microbial communities that have associations with petroleum hydrocarbons is needed if robust technologies are to be deployed successfully. This research topic highlights recent advances in microbial enhanced oil recovery, methanogenic hydrocarbon metabolism and carbon dioxide sequestration, bioremediation, microbiologically influenced corrosion, biodesulfurization, and the application of metagenomics to better understand microbial communities associated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889452569
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-256-9
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Contributions to Mineralization (2018)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: mineralogy ; economic geology ; mining engineering ; environmental impacts ; mining industry
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Petrology, Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Greisens Associated with Tin-Tungsten Mineralisation: Hub Stock Deposit at Krásno–Horní Slavkov Ore District, Czech Republic by Miloš René --- Chapter 2: Zechstein-Kupferschiefer Mineralization Reconsidered as a Product of Ultra-Deep Hydrothermal, Mud-Brine Volcanism by Stanley B. Keith, Volker Spieth and Jan C. Rasmussen --- Chapter 3: Lead-, Zinc-, and Iron-Sulfide Mineralization from Northern Iraq by Ali Ismail Al-Juboury, Waleed S. Shingaly, Elias M. Elias and Mohsin M. Ghazal --- Chapter 4: Geology, Textural Study, Ore Genesis and Processing of the Tabuaço Tungsten Deposit (Northern Portugal) by Yann Foucaud, Bénédicte Lechenard, Philippe Marion, Inna Filippova and Lev Filippov --- Chapter 5: Lead Isotopes as Tracers of Metal Sources and Timing of the Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits in the Nappes Zone, Northern Tunisia by Nejib Jemmali and Fouad Souissi --- Chapter 6: Trace Elements in Coal Gangue: A Review by Shaoqing Guo --- Chapter 7: Mineralization: Evidence from Fission Track Thermochronology by Wanming Yuan and Ke Wang --- Chapter 8: Statistical Approach to Mineral Engineering and Optimization by Mehmet Deniz Turan --- Chapter 9: Expected Return on Capital in Mining Industry by Aneta Michalak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535137498
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/contributions-to-mineralization
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Advances in Geothermal Energy (2016)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: geothermal energy ; geothermal resources ; renewable energy ; geothermal exploration
    Description / Table of Contents: Geothermal energy means the natural heat energy from the Earth. The geothermal resources of the Earth are huge and unlike other conventional and renewable energy sources, geothermal energy has unique features; namely, it is available, stable at all times throughout the year, independent of weather conditions, and has an inherent storage capability. Geothermal energy is also considered to be an environmentally friendly clean energy source that could significantly contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions. The utilization of geothermal energy is usually divided into the part used for electricity generation and the part used for heating applications. Due to its important utilization and future prospects, various interesting topics of research related to geothermal energy are covered in this book. This book is the result of contributions from several researchers and experts worldwide. It is hoped that the book will become a useful source of information and basis for extended research for researchers, academics, policy makers, and practitioners in the area of geothermal energy.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535122418
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-geothermal-energy
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Renewable Hydropower Technologies (2017)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: hydropower ; renewable energy
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introductory Chapter - Aspects of Renewable Hydroelectric Power Generation by Basel I. Ismail --- Chapter 2: Prospects of Small Hydropower Technology by Jacson Hudson Inácio Ferreira and José Roberto Camacho --- Chapter 3: Design of Zero Head Turbines for Power Generation by Edwin Chica and Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente --- Chapter 4: Planning Hydropower Production of Small Reservoirs Under Resources and System Knowledge Uncertainty by Divas Karimanzira, Thomas Rauschenbach, Torsten Pfuetzenreuter, Jing Qin and Zhao Yun --- Chapter 5: Hydropower Development in Nepal - Climate Change, Impacts and Implications by Ramesh Prasad Bhatt
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535133827
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/renewable-hydropower-technologies
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Renewable Geothermal Energy Explorations (2019)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: geothermal energy ; geothermal resources
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introductory Chapter: Power Generation Using Geothermal Low-Enthalpy Resources and ORC Technology --- 2. Geothermal Explorations on the Slate Formation of Taiwan --- 3. Geothermal Potential of the Global Oil Industry --- 4. Stages of a Integrated Geothermal Project --- 5. Space Cooling by Ground Source Heat Pump in Tropical Asia
    Pages: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9781839621079
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/renewable-geothermal-energy-explorations
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    A clean solution? - The potential and limitations of the CH4-CO2 exchange in gas hydrates (2019)
    In:  Abstracts
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: Natural gas hydrates occur at all active and passive continental margins and are supposed to contain tremendous amounts of methane, which makes them attractive as a potential source of energy. During the last two decades several methods have been developed and tested to produce methane from gas hydrates in lab experiments and field trials. In principle, three different approaches, namely depressurization, thermal stimulation and chemical stimulation have been tested. The injection of CO2 into hydrate-bearing sediments as a variant of a chemical stimulation appears to be particularly favorable because it combines the production of methane from the hydrate phase with the storage of CO2 as a solid clathrate. Despite the fact that numerous experimental and modelling studies have been conducted worldwide in order to understand the process on different scales and to evaluate its efficiency, some issues remain pending. We obtained laboratory data from micro-scale experiments using analytical methods such as Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction providing information about the structural changes of the hydrate phase and the gas exchange processes on a molecular scale. The results indicate that the processes related to the exchange of the guest molecules are quite complex. It is generally accepted that the driving force for the release of methane from the hydrate lattice and the incorporation of CO2 into the hydrate structure is the chemical potential gradient between the hydrocarbon hydrate phase and the injected CO2 phase. Raman spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that this process correlates with a (partial) decomposition or opening of the hydrate cavities. In case of mixed hydrocarbon hydrates with structure II the exchange of the guest molecules with CO2 also induces a change of the hydrate structure (sII to sI). In general, the exchange of the guest molecules results in the formation of a secondary mixed hydrate phase containing CO2 besides methane and other hydrocarbons depending on the composition of the surrounding gas phase. We also obtained laboratory data from large-scale experiments providing information about the methane recovery and fluid migration, hydrate dissociation rates and the formation of a secondary hydrate phase, heat and mass transfer. The experimental results show a wide variation indicating that the recovery rate of methane strongly depends on the experimental conditions such as the volume of the sample, hydrate saturation and thus permeability of the hydrate bearing sediment, hydrate morphology as well as pressure and temperature of the injected CO2 phase. To avoid clogging due to the formation of a CO2 hydrate in the vicinity of the injection area we used gas mixtures containing N2 besides CO2 which also has an impact on the recovery rate of methane and the potential formation of a secondary hydrate phase. In any case, the injection of CO2 results in the production of a gas mixture rather than the extraction of pure methane because the injected CO2 forms a mixed hydrate with a certain amount of methane remaining in the hydrate phase. In addition, the long-term stability of the secondary formed CO2-rich hydrate phase also depends on the potential changes of the chemical environment which may result in the release of CO2 due to a re-exchange of the hydrate bonded gas molecules or dissociation of the hydrate phase. Maybe these results make the approach of methane production from natural gas hydrate deposits via CO2 injection less attractive with regard to efficiency and safe CO2 sequestration than originally expected. This contribution will present the experimental results of our investigations on various scales using different analytical methods and the overarching interpretation and conclusions based on these data.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
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