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  • 1
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    Study on 2012 March 7 Solar Particle Event and Forbush Decrease with the PAMELA Experiment (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astro-physics) spaceborne experiment was launched on 15 June 2006 and has been continuously collecting data since then. The apparatus measures electrons, positrons, protons, anti-protons and heavier nuclei from about 100 megaelectronvolts to several hundreds of gigaelectronvolts. The on-board instrumentation is built around a permanent magnet with a silicon microstrip tracker, providing charge and track detection information. During solar maximum conditions of solar cycle 24, PAMELA has been providing key information about solar energetic particles (SEPs) and their influence at Earth. We discuss here the recent 2012 March 7 SEP event with a brief comment on the subsequent Forbush decrease, registered by PAMELA. This event was also observed by Fermi/LAT (Large Area Telescope) exhibiting unprecedented time-extended gamma-ray emission (greater than 100 megaelectronvolts) lasting nearly 20 hours. We compare the derived accelerated ion population at the Sun with the ion population measured in space by PAMELA and discuss the implications for particle acceleration.
    Keywords: Solar Physics; Space Radiation
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN10634 , International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 02, 2013 - Jul 09, 2013; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
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  • 2
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    PAMELA Observation of the 2012 May 17 GLE Event (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) satellite-borne experiment has been collecting data in orbit since July 2006, providing accurate measurements of the energy spectra and composition of the cosmic radiation from a few hundred MeVn up to hundred GeVn. This wide interval of measured energies makes PAMELA a unique instrument for Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) observations. Not only does it span the energy range between the ground-based neutron monitor data and the observations of SEPs from space, but also PAMELA carries out the first direct measurements of the composition for the highest energy SEP events, including those causing Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs). PAMELA has registered many SEP events in solar cycle 24 including the 2012 May 17 GLE event (GLE 71), offering unique opportunities to address the question of high-energy SEP origin. Experimental performances and preliminary results on the 2012 May 17 events will be presented. We will discuss the derived particle injection time and compare with other time scales at the Sun including the flare and CME onset times.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN10635 , International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 02, 2013 - Jul 09, 2013; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
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  • 3
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    5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequences in Bacteroides and Fusobacterium: evolutionary relationships within these genera and among eubacteria in general (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequences were determined for Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides capillosus, Bacteroides veroralis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Anaerorhabdus furcosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Fusobacterium varium. A dendrogram constructed by a clustering algorithm from these sequences, which were aligned with all other hitherto known eubacterial 5S rRNA sequences, showed differences as well as similarities with respect to results derived from 16S rRNA analyses. In the 5S rRNA dendrogram, Bacteroides clustered together with Cytophaga and Fusobacterium, as in 16S rRNA analyses. Intraphylum relationships deduced from 5S rRNAs suggested that Bacteroides is specifically related to Cytophaga rather than to Fusobacterium, as was suggested by 16S rRNA analyses. Previous taxonomic considerations concerning the genus Bacteroides, based on biochemical and physiological data, were confirmed by the 5S rRNA sequence analysis.
    Keywords: Exobiology
    Type: International journal of systematic bacteriology (ISSN 0020-7713); Volume 39; 1; 78-84
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  • 4
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    THEORETICAL ESTIMATES OF THE AVERAGE SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON MARS (1962)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-10
    Description: Theoretical estimates of average surface temperature of mars by use of greenhouse model
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 5
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    Comparison of SAGE II ozone measurements and ozone soundings at Uccle (Belgium) during the period February 1985 to January 1986 (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The ozone profiles obtained from 24 balloon soundings at Uccle (50 deg 48 min N, 4 deg 21 min E) made with electrochemical ozonesondes were used as correlative data for SAGE II ozone profiles retrieved within a distance of at most 600 km from Uccle. The agreement between the two data sets is in general quite good, especially for profiles nearly coincident in time and space, and during periods of little dynamic activity over the area considered. The percent difference between the ozone column density of the mean balloon and SAGE profile is 4.4 percent (-3.3) percent in the altitude region between 10 and 26 km. From a statistical analysis it appears that there is a small but meaningful difference between the mean profiles at the level of the ozone maximum and around the 30-km level. An error analysis of both data sets give similar results, leading to the conclusion that these differences are instrumentally induced. However, differences between the mean profiles in the lower stratosphere are probably real and due to the high ozone variability in time and space in that altitude region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 11903-11
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  • 6
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    PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL SPACE SCIENCE SYMP. (1961)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
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  • 7
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    Turn indicator (1922)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents a study of an instrument that can warn the pilot of the turning of his airplane. This instrument must satisfy three conditions: 1) It must give useful indication immediately from take-off; 2) The indications must be instantaneous and require no exertion by the pilot; 3) The indicator must be sensitive only to changes of orientation in the horizontal plane. Different solutions are presented such as a gyroscope driven by the suction of a Venturi tube.
    Type: NACA-TM-128 , Congres International de la Navigation Aerienne (1st : 1921 : Paris, France)
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  • 8
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    Solar limb brightening at 820 microns (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The sun in 820 micron radiation is mapped, and strong radial brightening of the intensity profile is found. The east and west limbs show an intensity excess of about twice that of the quiet north and south limbs. This may be attributable to active regions near the east and west limbs. The radial brightening observed is as strong as that observed by others at 1.3 mm, and much stronger than that observed at 350 microns by still others. A strong general increase in gradual radial brightening with wavelength longward of 350 microns is thus indicated, and this is attributed to variations in the character of chromospheric fine structure above the temperature minimum region.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 277; 424-428
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  • 9
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    The Orion OB1 association. 1: Stellar content (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Walfraven photometry of established and probable members of the Orion OB1 association is presented. Effective temperature, surface gravity, luminosity and mass are derived for all stars, using atmosphere model by Kurucz (1979). Absolute magnitudes are calculated using the Straizys and Kuriliene (1981) tables. Distance moduli and visual extinctions are determined. A comparison of the visual extinctions to IRAS 100 micrometers data shows that the near edge of the Orion A and B clouds lies at a distance of approximately 320 pc, while the far edge is at approximately 500 pc. A method for deriving the ages of the subgroups by comparing theoretical isochrones to the observations in the log g, log T(sub eff) plane is presented. The derived ages suggest, contrary to earlier studies, that subgroup 1b is younger than 1c, which can possibly be explained by past geometries of the system of stars and gas. The initial mass function for Orion OB1 is derived with the aid of the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test. Through extensive simulations, we show that it is very difficult to derive accurately the Initial Mass Function (IMF) from the available data. To within somewhat weak limits the IMF is found to be of the form xi(log M) = AM(exp -1.7 +/- 0.2) for all subgroups. The energy output of the subgroups in the form of stellar winds and supernovae is calculated and compared to the observed size and expansion velocity of the Orion-Eridanus bubble. It is shown that the energy output of the association can account for the morphology and kinematics of the interstellar medium (ISM).
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 289; 1; p. 101-120
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  • 10
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    Hubble Tarantula Treasury Project: Unraveling Tarantula's Web. I. Observational Overview and First Results (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Hubble Tarantula Treasury Project (HTTP) is an ongoing panchromatic imaging survey of stellar populations in the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud that reaches into the sub-solar mass regime (〈0.5 Stellar Mass). HTTP utilizes the capability of the Hubble Space Telescope to operate the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Wide Field Camera 3 in parallel to study this remarkable region in the near-ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared spectral regions, including narrow-band H(alpha) images. The combination of all these bands provides a unique multi-band view. The resulting maps of the stellar content of the Tarantula Nebula within its main body provide the basis for investigations of star formation in an environment resembling the extreme conditions found in starburst galaxies and in the early universe. Access to detailed properties of individual stars allows us to begin to reconstruct the temporal and spatial evolution of the stellar skeleton of the Tarantula Nebula over space and time on a sub-parsec scale. In this first paper we describe the observing strategy, the photometric techniques, and the upcoming data products from this survey and present preliminary results obtained from the analysis of the initial set of near-infrared observations.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN12510 , The Astronomical Journal; 146; 3; 53
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