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  • 1
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    Database of non-canonical base pairs found in known RNA structures (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Atomic resolution RNA structures are being published at an increasing rate. It is common to find a modest number of non-canonical base pairs in these structures in addition to the usual Watson-Crick pairs. This database summarizes the occurrence of these rare base pairs in accordance with standard nomenclature. The database, http://prion.bchs.uh.edu/, contains information such as sequence context, sugar pucker conformation, anti / syn base conformations, chemical shift, p K (a)values, melting temperature and free energy. Of the 29 anticipated pairs with two or more hydrogen bonds, 20 have been encountered to date. In addition, four unexpected pairs with two hydrogen bonds have been reported bringing the total to 24. Single hydrogen bond versions of five of the expected geometries have been encountered among the single hydrogen bond interactions. In addition, 18 different types of base triplets have been encountered, each of which involves three to six hydrogen bonds. The vast majority of the rare base pairs are antiparallel with the bases in the anti configuration relative to the ribose. The most common are the GU wobble, the Sheared GA pair, the Reverse Hoogsteen pair and the GA imino pair.
    Keywords: Exobiology
    Type: Nucleic acids research (ISSN 0305-1048); Volume 28; 1; 375-6
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  • 2
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    Development of Shanghai satellite laser ranging station (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The topics covered include the following: improvement of the system hardware; upgrading of the software; the observation status; preliminary daylight tracking capability; testing the new type of laser; and future plans.
    Keywords: GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Eighth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation; 7 p
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  • 3
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    Knowledge-based and integrated monitoring and diagnosis in autonomous power systems (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A new technique of knowledge-based and integrated monitoring and diagnosis (KBIMD) to deal with abnormalities and incipient or potential failures in autonomous power systems is presented. The KBIMD conception is discussed as a new function of autonomous power system automation. Available diagnostic modelling, system structure, principles and strategies are suggested. In order to verify the feasibility of the KBIMD, a preliminary prototype expert system is designed to simulate the KBIMD function in a main electric network of the autonomous power system.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, The 1990 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence; p 191-199
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  • 4
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    A knowledge-based approach to improving optimization techniques in system planning (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A knowledge-based (KB) approach to improve mathematical programming techniques used in the system planning environment is presented. The KB system assists in selecting appropriate optimization algorithms, objective functions, constraints and parameters. The scheme is implemented by integrating symbolic computation of rules derived from operator and planner's experience and is used for generalized optimization packages. The KB optimization software package is capable of improving the overall planning process which includes correction of given violations. The method was demonstrated on a large scale power system discussed in the paper.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, The 1990 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence; p 115-122
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  • 5
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    Propagation of crazing in viscoelastic media (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In response to a tensile stress glassy polymers exhibit crazing (surface cracks) which is a phenomenon of considerable practical and theoretical importance in the use of many plastics. An attempt is made to demonstrate how craze growth behavior is affected by the craze density (which is defined as the total number of crazes per unit surface area) surrounding the craze.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-173244 , NAS 1.26:173244
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  • 6
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    Energy absorption by polymer crazing (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: During the past thirty years, a tremendous amount of research was done on the development of crazing in polymers. The phenomenon of crazing was recognized as an unusual deformation behavior associated with a process of molecular orientation in a solid to resist failure. The craze absorbs a fairly large amount of energy during the crazing process. When a craze does occur the surrounding bulk material is usually stretched to several hundred percent of its original dimension and creates a new phase. The total energy absorbed by a craze during the crazing process in creep was calculated analytically with the help of some experimental measurements. A comparison of the energy absorption by the new phase and that by the original bulk uncrazed medium is made.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: NASA-CR-173275 , NAS 1.26:173275
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  • 7
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    On the three-dimensional vibrations of the cantilevered rectangular parallelepiped (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A solution is presented for the three-dimensional problem of determining the free vibration frequencies and mode shapes for a rectangular parallelepiped which is completely fixed on one face and free on the other five faces. This problem apparently is previously unsolved in the published literature. The Ritz method is used, with displacements assumed in the form of algebraic polynomials. Convergence is studied. Numerical results are given for the first five frequencies of each of the four symmetry classes of vibration, for five thick parallelepiped configurations, including the cube. Contour plots are exhibited for the modal displacements of the cube. The effects of varying Poisson's ratio are also observed.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America, Journal (ISSN 0001-4966); 73; June 198
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  • 8
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    Propagation of crazing in viscoelastic media (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The way in which the craze growth behavior is affected by the craze density surrounding the craze is investigated. The craze density is defined as the total number of crazes per unit surface area. It is noted that heretofore the growth rate of a craze has been considered either constant or inversely proportional to time. By allowing for the effect of the surrounding population of crazes, it is found that the craze growth rate is influenced by the local effective stress acting in the vicinity of the craze. It is found that measured data of craze length as a function of time are greatly affected by local interactions. With regard to the craze number, it is found that at high stresses a large number of small crazes becomes visible after a relatively short time, whereas under small stresses a large number of large crazes becomes visible after a long loading time.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN 0021-8979); 54; Oct. 198
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Large-Scale Features of Pliocene Climate: Results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Climate and environments of the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264 to 3.025 Ma) have been extensively studied.Whilst numerical models have shed light on the nature of climate at the time, uncertainties in their predictions have not been systematically examined. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project quantifies uncertainties in model outputs through a coordinated multi-model and multi-mode data intercomparison. Whilst commonalities in model outputs for the Pliocene are clearly evident, we show substantial variation in the sensitivity of models to the implementation of Pliocene boundary conditions. Models appear able to reproduce many regional changes in temperature reconstructed from geological proxies. However, data model comparison highlights that models potentially underestimate polar amplification. To assert this conclusion with greater confidence, limitations in the time-averaged proxy data currently available must be addressed. Furthermore, sensitivity tests exploring the known unknowns in modelling Pliocene climate specifically relevant to the high latitudes are essential (e.g. palaeogeography, gateways, orbital forcing and trace gasses). Estimates of longer-term sensitivity to CO2 (also known as Earth System Sensitivity; ESS), support previous work suggesting that ESS is greater than Climate Sensitivity (CS), and suggest that the ratio of ESS to CS is between 1 and 2, with a "best" estimate of 1.5.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN15069 , Climate of the Past; 9; 191-209
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  • 10
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    A Novel Method for Estimating Shortwave Direct Radiative Effect of Above-Cloud Aerosols Using CALIOP and MODIS Data (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes an efficient and unique method for computing the shortwave direct radiative effect (DRE) of aerosol residing above low-level liquid-phase clouds using CALIOP and MODIS data. It accounts for the overlapping of aerosol and cloud rigorously by utilizing the joint histogram of cloud optical depth and cloud top pressure. Effects of sub-grid scale cloud and aerosol variations on DRE are accounted for. It is computationally efficient through using grid-level cloud and aerosol statistics, instead of pixel-level products, and a pre-computed look-up table in radiative transfer calculations. We verified that for smoke over the southeast Atlantic Ocean the method yields a seasonal mean instantaneous shortwave DRE that generally agrees with more rigorous pixel-level computation within 4. We have also computed the annual mean instantaneous shortwave DRE of light-absorbing aerosols (i.e., smoke and polluted dust) over global ocean based on 4 yr of CALIOP and MODIS data. We found that the variability of the annual mean shortwave DRE of above-cloud light-absorbing aerosol is mainly driven by the optical depth of the underlying clouds.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN13269 , Atmospheric Measurement and Techniques (AMT); 7; 1777-1789
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