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  • 1
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    Variation of anal fin egg-spots along an environmental gradient in a haplochromine cichlid fish (2017)
    Wiley
    In:  Evolution, 71 (3). pp. 766-777.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Male secondary sexual traits are targets of inter- and/or intrasexual selection, but can vary due to a correlation with life-history traits or as by-product of adaptation to distinct environments. Trade-offs contributing to this variation may comprise conspicuousness towards conspecifics versus inconspicuousness towards predators, or between allocating resources into coloration versus the immune system. Here, we examine variation in expression of a carotenoid-based visual signal, anal-fin egg-spots, along a replicate environmental gradient in the haplochromine cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. We quantified egg-spot number, area, and coloration; applied visual models to estimate the trait's conspicuousness when perceived against the surrounding tissue under natural conditions; and used the lymphocyte ratio as a measure for immune activity. We find that (i) males possess larger and more conspicuous egg-spots than females, which is likely explained by their function in sexual selection; (ii) riverine fish generally feature fewer but larger and/or more intensively colored egg-spots, which is probably to maintain signal efficiency in intraspecific interactions in long-wavelength shifted riverine light conditions; and (iii) egg-spot number and relative area correlate with immune defense, suggesting a trade-off in the allocation of carotenoids. Taken together, haplochromine egg-spots feature the potential to adapt to the respective underwater light environment, and are traded-off with investment into the immune system
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  • 2
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    Subduction initiation and ophiolite crust: new insights from IODP drilling (2017)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Geology Review, 59 (11). pp. 1439-1450.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 352 recovered a high-fidelity record of volcanism related to subduction initiation in the Bonin fore-arc. Two sites (U1440 and U1441) located in deep water nearer to the trench recovered basalts and related rocks; two sites (U1439 and U1442) located in shallower water further from the trench recovered boninites and related rocks. Drilling in both areas ended in dolerites inferred to be sheeted intrusive rocks. The basalts apparently erupted immediately after subduction initiation and have compositions similar to those of the most depleted basalts generated by rapid sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with little or no slab input. Subsequent melting to generate boninites involved more depleted mantle and hotter and deeper subducted components as subduction progressed and volcanism migrated away from the trench. This volcanic sequence is akin to that recorded by many ophiolites, supporting a direct link between subduction initiation, fore-arc spreading, and ophiolite genesis.
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  • 3
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    Strömungsverhältnisse im Golf von Neapel (1964)
    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 70 pp
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-21
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    A novel, multi-layered methanotrophic microbial mat system growing on the sediment of the Black Sea (2008)
    Wiley / Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd,
    In:  Environmental Microbiology, 10 (8). pp. 1934-1947.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: A novel microbially diverse type of 1- to 5-cm-thick mat performing anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and covering several square metres of the seafloor was discovered in the Black Sea at 180 m water depth. Contrary to other AOM-mat systems of the Black Sea these floating mats are not associated to free gas and are not stabilized by authigenic carbonates. However, supply of methane is ensured by the horizontal orientation of the mats acting as a cover of methane enriched fluids ascending from the underlying sediments. Thorough investigation of their community composition by molecular microbiology and lipid biomarkers, metabolic activities and elemental composition showed that the mats provide a clearly structured system with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) building the framework of the mats. The top black zone, showing high rates of AOM (15 μmol gdw−1 day−1), was dominated by ANME-2, while the following equally active pink layer was dominated by ANME-1 Archaea. The lowest AOM activity (2 μmol gdw−1 day−1) and cell numbers were found in the greyish middle part delimited towards the sediment by a second pink, ANME-1-dominated and sometimes a black outer layer (ANME-2). Our work clearly shows that the different microbial populations are established along defined chemical gradients such as methane, sulfate or sulfide.
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  • 5
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    Methane dynamics in a microbial community of the Black Sea traced by stable carbon isotopes in vitro (2006)
    Elsevier
    In:  Organic Geochemistry, 37 (10). pp. 1411-1419.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: There is growing concern about the transfer of methane originating from water bodies to the atmosphere. Methane from sediments can reach the atmosphere directly via bubbles or indirectly via vertical turbulent transport. This work quantifies methane gas bubble dissolution using a combination of bubble modeling and acoustic observations of rising bubbles to determine what fraction of the methane transported by bubbles will reach the atmosphere. The bubble model predicts the evolving bubble size, gas composition, and rise distance and is suitable for almost all aquatic environments. The model was validated using methane and argon bubble dissolution measurements obtained from the literature for deep, oxic, saline water with excellent results. Methane bubbles from within the hydrate stability zone (typically below 500 m water depth in the ocean) are believed to form an outer hydrate rim. To explain the subsequent slow dissolution, a model calibration was performed using bubble dissolution data from the literature measured within the hydrate stability zone. The calibrated model explains the impressively tall flares (〉1300 m) observed in the hydrate stability zone of the Black Sea. This study suggests that only a small amount of methane reaches the surface at active seep sites in the Black Sea, and this only from very shallow water areas (〈100 m). Clearly, the Black Sea and the ocean are rather effective barriers against the transfer of bubble methane to the atmosphere, although substantial amounts of methane may reach the surface in shallow lakes and reservoirs.
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  • 6
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    Unexpected occurrence of hopanoids at gas seeps in the Black Sea (2003)
    Elsevier
    In:  Organic Geochemistry, 34 (1). pp. 81-87.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-28
    Description: High concentrations of free C32 bis-homohopanoic acids (up to 433 μg/g dry wt) occur in microbial mats at methane seeps in anoxic Black Sea waters. These compounds show a strong preference for the ‘geological’ 17α(H),21β(H)- over the ‘biological’ 17β(H),21β(H)-configuration (αβ/ββ ratios up to 30.7) and indicate the potential formation of αβ-hopanoids in modern environments. Strong 13C-depletions (δ13C as low as −78.4‰ PDB) indicate an in situ generation of these hopanoids by biota involved in the anaerobic cycling of methane carbon. The inferred presence of hopanoids indigenous to a permanently anoxic marine environment is significant because these lipids are not known to occur in strictly anaerobic bacteria.
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  • 7
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    2. Wochenbericht Poseidon 516 [POS516] (2017)
    Institut für Umweltphysik, Ozeanographie der Universität Bremen
    In:  Institut für Umweltphysik, Ozeanographie der Universität Bremen, Bremen, 2 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-08
    Description: TRR 181 Cruise, 29. Juli - 18. August 2017
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Seasonal iron depletion in temperate shelf seas (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 44 (17). pp. 8987-8996.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Our study followed the seasonal cycling of soluble (SFe), colloidal (CFe), dissolved (DFe), total dissolvable (TDFe), labile particulate (LPFe) and total particulate (TPFe) iron in the Celtic Sea (NE Atlantic Ocean). Preferential uptake of SFe occurred during the spring bloom, preceding the removal of CFe. Uptake and export of Fe during the spring bloom, coupled with a reduction in vertical exchange, led to Fe deplete surface waters (〈0.2 nM DFe; 0.11 nM LPFe, 0.45 nM TDFe, 1.84 nM TPFe) during summer stratification. Below the seasonal thermocline, DFe concentrations increased from spring to autumn, mirroring NO3- and consistent with supply from remineralised sinking organic material, and cycled independently of particulate Fe over seasonal timescales. These results demonstrate that summer Fe availability is comparable to the seasonally Fe limited Ross Sea shelf, and therefore is likely low enough to affect phytoplankton growth and species composition.
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  • 9
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    Observed and modeled pathways of the Iceland Scotland Overflow Water in the eastern North Atlantic (2017)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 159 . pp. 211-222.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
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  • 10
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    A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity (2017)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature, 551 (7681). pp. 457-463.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Our growing awareness of the microbial world’s importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity.
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