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  • 1
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    Fishery potential along the Indian coastal waters between Porbandar and Ratnagiri (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16503 | 12051 | 2015-04-03 06:39:25 | 16503 | Indian Fisheries Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: As part of the ongoing marine pollution monitoring programme the coastal stretch between Porbandar and Ratnagiri was considered to assess the fishery potential. Regular experimental trawling was done off Porbandar, Veraval, Diu, Hazira, Daman, Bassein, Bombay, Murud and Ratnagiri at a depth range of 5-25 m during 1988 to 1992. The catch rate varied from 1.2 to 225 kg/h (av.20.3 kg/h). Zonewise maximum catch (av.56.8 kg/h) was observed off Ratnagiri followed by off Porbandar (av.30.1 kg/h), off Bombay (av.23.9 kg/h) and off Murud (av.19.8 kg/h). The area between Hazira and Daman was poor in fish catch. In general, the catch rate showed a fluctuating trend during the period of observation. Among the hundred species identified from the collections the most common species were Coilia dussumieri, Johnius glaucus, Scoliodon laticaudus, Lepturacanthus savala, Harpadon nehereus, Sardinella longiceps, Pampus sp. and Congresox sp. The community structure and species assemblage at different zones are discussed in detail.
    Description: Paper presented at the National Symposium on Aquacrops, 16-18 November 1994, Versova, Mumbai (India)
    Keywords: Fisheries ; coastal fisheries ; fishery resources ; catch assessment ; Coilia dussumieri ; Johnius glaucus ; Lepturacanthus savala ; Scoliodon laticaudus ; Porbandar ; Gujaratl ; Ratnagiri ; Maharashtra ; India
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 63-72
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  • 2
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    A case study on the impact of industrial effluent disposal on the fishery of Amba River estuary, Maharashtra (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16517 | 12051 | 2015-04-03 06:56:44 | 16517 | Indian Fisheries Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The impact of waste discharge on fishery resources is a matter of great concern. The accepted norm in all environmental impact assessment studies is to avoid areas of high fishery potential while locating a marine outfall. Contemplating on this aspect a case study was conducted in the Amba River estuary before and after the establishment of a petrochemical complex at Nagothane. The treated wastewater from this complex is released through a subsurface outfall after adopting effective control measures for marine disposal of waste. Experimental trawling was done at five locations covering a distance of 30 km during 1990 to 1991. The catch rate within the estuary varied from 0.6 to 255 kg/h (av 24 kg/h). The trend indicated considerable decrease in fishery potential from the mouth of the estuary (av 64 kg/h) to the upstream location (av 11 kg/h). A total of 49 species of fishes, 16 species of prawns, 7 species of crabs and 1 species of lobster were identified from the collections. Number of species gradually increased from the interior segment at Dharamtar (8) to the outer area near Revas (18). A comparison of the quantitative and qualitative nature of the post outfall and pre outfall data revealed only marginal difference. The study indicates that if necessary precautions are taken to render the waste harmless the marine ecology will hardly be affected.
    Description: Paper presented at the National Symposium on Aquacrops, 16-18 November 1994, Versova, Bombay (India)
    Keywords: Fisheries ; pollution effects ; fishery resources ; pollutants ; impact assessment ; estuaries ; Amba River ; Maharashtra ; India
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 25-38
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  • 3
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    Killer whales and marine mammal trends in the North Pacific : a re-examination of evidence for sequential megafauna collapse and the prey-switching hypothesis (2007)
    Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Marine Mammal Science 23 (2007): 766–802, doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00093.x.
    Description: Springer et al. (2003) contend that sequential declines occurred in North Pacific populations of harbor and fur seals, Steller sea lions, and sea otters. They hypothesize that these were due to increased predation by killer whales, when industrial whaling's removal of large whales as a supposed primary food source precipitated a prey switch. Using a regional approach, we reexamined whale catch data, killer whale predation observations, and the current biomass and trends of potential prey, and found little support for the prey-switching hypothesis. Large whale biomass in the Bering Sea did not decline as much as suggested by Springer et al., and much of the reduction occurred 50–100 yr ago, well before the declines of pinnipeds and sea otters began; thus, the need to switch prey starting in the 1970s is doubtful. With the sole exception that the sea otter decline followed the decline of pinnipeds, the reported declines were not in fact sequential. Given this, it is unlikely that a sequential megafaunal collapse from whales to sea otters occurred. The spatial and temporal patterns of pinniped and sea otter population trends are more complex than Springer et al. suggest, and are often inconsistent with their hypothesis. Populations remained stable or increased in many areas, despite extensive historical whaling and high killer whale abundance. Furthermore, observed killer whale predation has largely involved pinnipeds and small cetaceans; there is little evidence that large whales were ever a major prey item in high latitudes. Small cetaceans (ignored by Springer et al.) were likely abundant throughout the period. Overall, we suggest that the Springer et al. hypothesis represents a misleading and simplistic view of events and trophic relationships within this complex marine ecosystem.
    Keywords: North Pacific ; Killer whale ; Steller sea lion ; Sea otter ; Harbor seal ; Fur seal ; Ecosystem ; Predation ; Whaling ; Population dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
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    The CRCES Workshop on Decadal Climate Variability (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 87 (2006): 1223–1225, doi:10.1175/BAMS-87-9-1223.
    Description: The importance of decadal climate variability (DCV) research is being increasingly recognized, including by international research programs such as the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) and the U.S. National Research Council. This brief article (workshop presentations available online at www.DecVar.org/auditorium.php) summarizes a consensus view of a research community workshop attended by approximately 45 scientists. Gaps in our knowledge of DCV and its societal impacts were identified, as were areas of needed research and anticipated benefits of research. It is a major challenge to implement recommendations of this and other such workshops on climate research in this era of declining earth science budgets. Therefore, a phased implementation is recommended, with highest priority recommendations outlined in a sidebar to this summary.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
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    Superresolution by image scanning microscopy using pixel reassignment (2013)
    Optical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Optical Society of America, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of Optical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Optics Letters 38 (2013): 2889-2892, doi:10.1364/OL.38.002889.
    Description: The effect of detector array size on resolution and signal collection efficiency of image scanning microscopy based on pixel reassignment is studied. It is shown how the method can also be employed if there is a Stokes shift in fluorescence emission wavelength. With no Stokes shift, the width of the point spread function can be sharpened by a factor of 1.53, and its peak intensity increased by a factor of 1.84.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Polarized light microscopy in reproductive and developmental biology (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Molecular Reproduction and Development (2013), doi:10.1002/mrd.22221.
    Description: The polarized light microscope reveals orientational order in native molecular structures inside living cells, tissues, and whole organisms. Therefore, it is a powerful tool to monitor and analyze the early developmental stages of organisms that lend themselves to microscopic observations. In this article we briefly discuss the components specific to a traditional polarizing microscope and some historically important observations on chromosome packing in sperm head, first zygote division of the sea urchin, and differentiation initiated by the first uneven cell division in the sand dollar. We then introduce the LC-PolScope and describe its use for measuring birefringence and polarized fluorescence in living cells and tissues. Applications range from the enucleation of mouse oocytes to analyzing the polarized fluorescence of the water strider acrosome. We end by reporting first results on the birefringence of the developing chick brain, which we analyzed between developmental stages of days 12 through 20.
    Description: This work was supported by funds from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (grant 1R01GM100160-01A1 awarded to TT) and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (grant EB002045 awarded to RO).
    Keywords: Light microscopy ; Polarized light ; Birefringence ; Polarized fluorescence ; Brain slices
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 7
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    pH dependent isotropic to nematic phase transitions in graphene oxide dispersions reveal droplet liquid crystalline phases (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Royal Society of Chemistry for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Chemical Communications 50 (2014): 6668-6671, doi:10.1039/C4CC00970C.
    Description: Size fractionation, amplified by the surface charge density of graphene oxide (GO) sheets, broadens the pH dependent isotropic (I) to nematic (N) phase transition in aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide (GO). In this biphasic region, a highly organized droplet nematic phase of uniform size (20 ± 2.8 μm diameter) with an isotropic interior is observed.
    Description: Supports from the Australian Research Council (LP110100612 to MM), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB002045 to RO) and HFSP fellowship (to SM) are acknowledged.
    Description: 2015-05-06
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 8
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    Baleen whales are not important as prey for killer whales Orcinus orca in high-latitude regions (2011)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 348 (2007): 297-307, doi:10.3354/meps07015.
    Description: Certain populations of killer whales Orcinus orca feed primarily or exclusively on marine mammals. However, whether or not baleen whales represent an important prey source for killer whales is debatable. A hypothesis by Springer et al. (2003) suggested that overexploitation of large whales by industrial whaling forced killer whales to prey-switch from baleen whales to pinnipeds and sea otters, resulting in population declines for these smaller marine mammals in the North Pacific and southern Bering Sea. This prey-switching hypothesis is in part contingent upon the idea that killer whales commonly attack mysticetes while they are in these high-latitude areas. In this study, we used photographic and sighting data from long-term studies of baleen whales in 24 regions worldwide to determine the proportion of whales that bear scars (rake marks) from killer whale attacks, and to examine the timing of scar acquisition. The results of this study show that there is considerable geographic variation in the proportion of whales with rake marks, ranging from 0% to 〉40% in different regions. In every region, the great majority of the scars seen were present on the whales’ bodies when the animals were first sighted. Less than 7% (9 of 132) of scarred humpback whales with multi-year sighting histories acquired new scars after the first sighting. This suggests that most killer whale attacks on baleen whales target young animals, probably calves on their first migration from low-latitude breeding and calving areas to high-latitude feeding grounds. Overall, our results imply that adult baleen whales are not an important prey source for killer whales in high latitudes, and therefore that one of the primary assumptions underlying the Springer et al. (2003) prey-switching hypothesis (and its purported link to industrial whaling) is invalid.
    Description: This study was supported in part by funding from the Marine Mammal Commission.
    Keywords: Predation ; Killer whale ; Baleen whale ; Scars ; North Pacific ; Whaling
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 9
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    Three-level filter for increased depth of focus and Bessel beam generation (2013)
    Optical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Optical Society of America, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of Optical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Optics Express 20 (2012): 27212-27221, doi:10.1364/OE.20.25.027212.
    Description: A novel axially-symmetric filter for increasing focal depth and generating an approximation to a Bessel beam is proposed. It consists of an array of rings of strength –1,0 and 1. The design is based on an analytic solution, and combines high resolution in the transverse direction with good efficiency. One presented design increases the depth of focus compared with a standard lens by more than 30 times, with a very flat axial intensity distribution over this range. Effects of discretization are discussed. Various different approaches to increasing depth of focus are compared, to put the new design into perspective.
    Description: Support from the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Program is acknowledged. SM acknowledges a post-doctoral fellowship from Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    Polarized light imaging of birefringence and diattenuation at high resolution and high sensitivity (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of IOP Publishing for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Optics 15 (2013): 094007, doi:10.1088/2040-8978/15/9/094007.
    Description: Polarized light microscopy provides unique opportunities for analyzing the molecular order in manmade and natural materials, including biological structures inside living cells, tissues, and whole organisms. 20 years ago, the LC-PolScope was introduced as a modern version of the traditional polarizing microscope enhanced by liquid crystal devices for the control of polarization, and by electronic imaging and digital image processing for fast and comprehensive image acquisition and analysis. The LCPolScope is commonly used for birefringence imaging, analyzing the spatial and temporal variations of the differential phase delay in ordered and transparent materials. Here we describe an alternative use of the LC-PolScope for imaging the polarization dependent transmittance of dichroic materials. We explain the minor changes needed to convert the instrument between the two imaging modes, discuss the relationship between the quantities measured with either instrument, and touch on the physical connection between refractive index, birefringence, transmittance, diattenuation, and dichroism.
    Description: This work was supported by a fellowship of the Human Frontiers Science Program awarded to SM and a grant from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (grant Nr. R01EB002045) awarded to RO. MS acknowledges support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences/NIH (grant R01-GM101701).
    Description: 2014-09-10
    Keywords: Birefringence ; Diattenuation ; Dichroism ; Retardance ; Transmittance ; LC-PolScope ; Polarized light ; Liquid-crystal compensator
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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