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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the early stages of the 2004–2008 Mount St. Helens eruption, the source process that produced a sustained sequence of repetitive long-period (LP) seismic events also produced impulsive broadband infrasonic signals in the atmosphere. To assess whether the signals could be generated simply by seismic-acoustic coupling from the shallow LP events, we perform finite difference simulation of the seismo-acoustic wavefield using a single numerical scheme for the elastic ground and atmosphere. The effects of topography, velocity structure, wind, and source configuration are considered. The simulations show that a shallow source buried in a homogeneous elastic solid produces a complex wave train in the atmosphere consisting of P/SV and Rayleigh wave energy converted locally along the propagation path, and acoustic energy originating from the source epicenter. Although the horizontal acoustic velocity of the latter is consistent with our data, the modeled amplitude ratios of pressure to vertical seismic velocity are too low in comparison with observations, and the characteristic differences in seismic and acoustic waveforms and spectra cannot be reproduced from a common point source. The observations therefore require a more complex source process in which the infrasonic signals are a record of only the broadband pressure excitation mechanism of the seismic LP events. The observations and numerical results can be explained by a model involving the repeated rapid pressure loss from a hydrothermal crack by venting into a shallow layer of loosely consolidated, highly permeable material. Heating by magmatic activity causes pressure to rise, periodically reaching the pressure threshold for rupture of the ‘‘valve’’ sealing the crack. Sudden opening of the valve generates the broadband infrasonic signal and simultaneously triggers the collapse of the crack, initiating resonance of the remaining fluid. Subtle waveform and amplitude variability of the infrasonic signals as recorded at an array 13.4 km to the NW of the volcano are attributed primarily to atmospheric boundary layer propagation effects, superimposed upon amplitude changes at the source.
    Description: Published
    Description: B04305
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: infrasound ; events ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: En febrero de 2008 se identificó la malacofauna existente en las zonas meso y supralitoral de la localidad Yaguanabo, ubicada en la costa sur de la Provincia de Cienfuegos. El material se identificó in situ, por el método de ausencia/presencia. Como unidad de muestreo se utilizó un marco de 25 cm², el cual se fue desplazando a lo largo de un transepto perpendicular a la línea de costa, ubicado desde la zona mesolitoral hasta la zona supralitoral. En el marco del proyecto: “Socialización del conocimiento sobre la biota de la zona costera de Cienfuegos”; el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los resultados que se van obteniendo de este proyecto en relación con las especies de moluscos encontradas en esta zona de la costa; entre los cuales tenemos: Acanthopleura granulata y Chiton viridis entre los más representativos de la zona mesolitoral; Echinolittorina. angustior, E. ziczac, Cenchritis muricatus y Tectarius (Tectininus) antoni en la zona supralitoral del área en estudio. Esta distribución y la presencia de estas especies coinciden con el patrón descrito por otros autores para otras regiones del litoral rocoso cubano. Este trabajo constituye una línea base para futuros estudios sobre la localización de la fauna malacológica en el litoral rocoso ante posibles impactos ambientales y contaminación, siendo esta utilizada como bioindicadores.
    Description: litoral rocoso, Cienfuegos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Preprint
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Muestreos realizados en meses lluviosos de los años 2008 y 2009 manifiestan influencia de aguas dulces en la salinidad del Golfo de Guacanayabo, registrándose valores promedios de 34,9 y 33,6 ‰, respectivamente. Elementos no conservativos como el SiO3, el P-PO4- y el N-NH4+ manifiestan una tendencia al incremento a medida que disminuye la salinidad presentándose correlaciones negativas significativas (α〈0,05), corroborando la importancia de los escurrimientos fluviales en el aporte de nutrientes. Los bajos coeficientes de correlación denotan otras fuentes de aporte. En comparación con registros anteriores se observan disminuciones en los SiO3, incrementos del P-PO4- y una variabilidad con tendencia ascendente-descendente en los compuestos nitrogenados.
    Description: Random sampling in rainy months of 2008 and 2009 years show the influence of freshwater on Guacanayabo Gulf salinity with average values of 34,9 and 33,6 ‰, respectively. Non-conservative elements as SiO3, P-PO4- and N-NH4+ have a tendency to increase with decreasing salinity, being observed negative significant correlations (α 〈 0,05), corroborating the importance of rainfall runoff as nutrient contributors. Low correlation coefficients denote other sources of supply. In comparison with previous records, SiO3 decreases, P-PO4- increases and variability with no definite trend in nitrogen compounds are observed.
    Description: Gulf of Guacanayabo, rainfall runoff
    Keywords: Salinity ; Salinity ; Nutrients (mineral)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Preprint
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se analizan dos secciones de temperatura en el Paso Drake, efectuada durante la travesía del B/I ORION en la ruta Pta. Arenas-Islas Shetland del Sur-Pta. Arenas, en el cumplimiento de la VII Expedición Ecuatoriana a la Antártica. Es de resaltar la ocurrencia de un evento El Niño durante el verano austral de 1998; evento de características muy fuertes el cual en muchos lugares del planeta alteró de manera sustancial el clima, por lo que se estima que las manifestaciones de tal evento El Niño hayan de alguna manera alterado la estructura térmica en el área del Paso Drake, en tal virtud se la compara con un similar sección de XBT realizada por el mismo B/I ORION en el verano austral de 1990, año que se lo considera como normal. Se encuentra que el verano austral de 1998 se produjo algo anticipado y con mayor deshielo como consecuencia del errático comportamiento de la Alta Semipermanente del Pacífico Sur, durante el desarrollo del evento El Niño 1997-98 considerado como uno de los más fuertes de este siglo, el cual facilitó el ingreso por altura de aire cálido hacia el continente Antártico. Durante el verano austral de 1998 las aguas superficiales estuvieron más frías con respecto al año 1990, mientras que a nivel subsuperficial, entre 150 m y 250 m, se presentaron aguas relativamente más cálidas (de 1.0°C a 3.0°C).
    Description: Two sections of temperature in the Drake Passage, effected during the crossroad of the B/I ORION in the execution of the VII Ecuadorian Expedition to the Antarctic are analyzed. It is of standing out the occurrence of the El Niño event during the austral summer of 1998; event of very strong characteristics which in many places around the word altered greatly the climate, we estimated that the manifestations of El Niño event there is somehow altered the thermal structure in the area of the Drake Passage, so we compare it with a similar section of XBT carried out by the same B/I ORION in the austral summer of 1990 year considered like normal. We suggest that the austral summer of 1998 was produced some premature and with increased and inusual ice melting, like consequence of the anormal behavior of the High Pressure System of the South Pacific, during the development of the El Niño 1997-98, considered as one of the strongest of this century, which made possible the admission in heigh of warm air toward the Antarctic continent. During the austral summer of 1998 the superficial waters were colder than 1990, while to subsurface level, between 150 m and 250 m, waters were introduced relatively warmer (of 1.0°C to 3.0°C).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Thermal structure ; High pressure systems ; El Nino phenomena
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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