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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 25 (1986), S. 6995-7008 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 51 (1979), S. 2247-2248 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 131-137 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Rhizosphere ; Non-rhizosphere ; R:S ratio ; Tea ; Colony-forming unit ; Actinomycetes ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Camellia sinensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Monthly investigations of the microbial population associated with tea soils, in terms of colony-forming units assessed by the plate-count method, were carried out at three different soil depths for a period of 12 months. Three groups of microbes, bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, were examined. Contrary to general observations, the rhizosphere:soil ratios were found to be consistently below 1 in samples taken from established tea bushes, indicating an overall negative rhizosphere effect. Interactions among certain microorganisms may also have contributed to this effect. Nevertheless, the rhizosphere of young tea plants and that of a number of other perennial plants, of different ages, growing in established tea fields, appeared to stimulate microbial growth. The negative effect of the rhizosphere of older tea bushes does not appear to be a common phenomenon that is related to the aging of plants in general, but seems to be unique and specific to tea plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 20 (1991), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Airway epithelium ; Asthma ; Apical membrane ; Ion channel kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The single channel inside-out patch clamp technique was used to characterize ion channels in the apical membranes of ragweed-sensitized and control canine tracheal epithelial cells maintained in primary culture. Patches were obtained from single isolated cells or from cells at the edges of confluent sheets. A new type of chloride channel was seen in sensitized cells but not in control cells. The channel showed inward rectification in symmetric chloride solutions with conductance varying from 95 pS to 52 pS over the range of −60 mV to 60 mV membrane potential. Channel gating was voltage dependent with maximal opening at about −30 mV Kinetic analysis showed that distributions of closed and open times could both be well fitted by the sums of three exponential components. Rate constants for transitions between the states of a linear kinetic model were calculated, with only one rate being significantly voltage dependent. The possible significance of this channel is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Chloride channel ; Epithelium ; Ion permeation ; Mole fraction ; Liposomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Anion-selective channels from apical membranes of cultured CFPAC-1 cells were isolated and incorporated into giant liposomes for patch clamp recording. Liposomes were formed from L-α-lecithin by a dehydration-hydration method. Ion channels were characterized using the excised inside-out patch clamp configuration. The most commonly observed anion channels were similar to those observed in native epithelial tissues. The linear 20 pS Cl channel had the halide permeability sequence Cl− 〉 I− ≥ Br− 〉 F−, and showed anomalous mole-fraction behavior in solutions containing different proportions of Cl− and F−, ions. The autwardly rectifying Cl− channel had the halide permeability sequence I− 〉 Br− 〉 Cl− 〉 F−, and also showed anomalous molefraction behavior, indicating that both these channels probably contain multi-ion pores. The third, voltage-dependent anion channel showed at least five different substrates, had a conductance of 390 pS in the main state, and showed two types of kinetics, fast (openings and closings 〈 1 ms), and slow (openings and closings 〉 1 s). The channel was seen more frequently after reconstitution into giant liposomes than in intact cells. It was not selective amongst the halides, and there was no deviation from a linear dependence of relative current on molar fractions, indicating relatively simple permeation through the pore. Differences in halide permeabilities suggest that different anion channels may be related to different membrane proteins. Comparison with the chloride channel proteins isolated biochemically from epithelial cell membranes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 483-485 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Frequency upconversion of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses have been investigated. The upconversion mechanisms are discussed, and the dominant mechanisms are excited state absorption for the 2H11/2→4I15/2 and 4S3/2→4I15/2 transitions, and energy transfer upconversion for the 4F9/2→4I15/2 transition. Intense green (around 525–550 nm) and red (around 660 nm) emission bands were observed under 800 nm excitation. At a pump intensity of 15.6 W/cm2, frequency upconversion efficiencies of 2.1×10−2 and 4.8×10−3 were obtained for the green and red emissions, respectively. The results are the highest among doped oxide glasses, and are comparable to those reported for Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fluoride glasses. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 335 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 23 (1997), S. 159-166 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Cytokinin metabolism ; genetic tumour ; hormone ; autonomous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The metabolic fate of externally applied [3H]-zeatin riboside ([9R]Z) was studied in a cultured genetic tumour line of Nicotiana glauca (Grah.) × N. langsdorffii (Weinm.), which grows on auxin and cytokinin free medium. Metabolism by 3.5-week-old tissues showed enhanced stability of supplied [9R]Z; unmetabolized [9R]Z accounted for 48.7 and 37.5% of extracted radioactivity following 8 and 24 h incubation, respectively; tissues of different ages (1–10 weeks following subculture) also indicated high cytokinin stability following 8 h incubation (unmetabolized [9R]Z accounted for 32.5–53.0% of extracted radioactivity). All analyses were performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the results subsequently confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Side-chain cleavage and modification of the purine ring were the major forms of metabolism; metabolites with an intact cytokinin moiety included zeatin (Z), [9R]Z nucleotides and glucosyl derivatives. Detailed analysis of metabolites carried out in the experiments using 3.5-week-old tissues indicated that both dihydro-derivatives as well as cis isomers of Z and [9R]Z were not formed. Adenine, adenosine and its nucleotide(s) were the main degradative metabolites; in 3.5-week-old tissues these metabolites accounted for about 5.9 and 7.8% (of 3H extracted) following 8 and 24 h incubation, respectively. In tissues of different ages (1–10 weeks following subculture), these metabolites accounted for about 7.6–22.9% of the extracted 3H. Some metabolites (zeatin, adenine and adenosine) were also detected in the staled incubation media. The observed high [9R]Z stability in this tissue may reflect low levels of cytokinin oxidase activity and/or some form of compartmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 19 (1996), S. 117-122 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: auxins ; carbendazim ; cuttings ; phenolics ; rooting ; Taxus baccata ; Yew
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of some auxins (IBA and NAA), phenolic compounds (phloroglucinol, gentisic acid and coumarin), a combination of auxins and phenolics, and a systemic fungicide (Bavistin) have been examined for stimulatory effects on adventitious root formation in stem cuttings (current season's growth) of Taxus baccata L. In general lower concentration (0.25 mM) of both IBA and NAA was more effective in inducing rooting of cuttings taken from both male and female trees. The combined treatment of IBA+NAA (0.25 mM each) showed some success in cuttings from male trees only (55%, compared to 15% rooting in cuttings from female trees). Generally, the callus formation was quite high (≥70%) in all auxin treatments (alone or in combination). Among the phenolics, 40% rooting success was achieved with phloroglucinol only, while coumarin and gentisic acid were ineffective. The combined treatment of auxins and phenolics also failed to promote rooting. On the other hand, Bavistin was extremely effective for callusing (≥90%) as well as rooting (80%). The effectiveness of various compounds tested for rooting of young stem cuttings declined in the order: 0.25 mM IBA〉0.05% Bavistin〉0.25 mM NAA〉1.25 mM IBA〉15 mM phloroglucinol〉IBA+NAA (0.25 mM each). In addition to the auxins, IBA and NAA that are widely used for commercial propagation, the auxin-like properties of the fungicide Bavistin could be exploited for adventitious rooting in T. baccata, and in other plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 11 (1989), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Trachea ; Permeability ; Smoke ; Microscopy ; electron ; Microscopy ; fluorescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We studied the penetration of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) T-40 dextran into the paracellular spaces in the tracheal mucosa and its appearance in the blood plasma of guinea pigs exposed to cigarette smoke or (controls) breathing room air. Under general anesthesia, the dextran solution was instilled onto the tracheal surface via a tracheotomy tube, arterial blood was sampled serially for 40 min, and then the trachea was fixed by perfusion or immersion. Examination of the tracheal mucosa with light microscopy, with and without epifluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy, revealed dextran in the paracellular spaces in mucosa from experimental animals but not controls. In all control animals, the levels of the dextran in plasma was below the sensitivity of the assay. By contrast, dextran levels in the plasma from the experimental animals fell within the sensitivity range of the assay and increased in blood at a rate of 0.00125 ± 0.00023 (SE) expressed as a percentage of the instilled dose/min. We conclude that FITC T-40 dextran provides a reliable, fairly simple, fast method for assessing major, but not subtle, changes in paracellular permeability of the tracheal mucosa.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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