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    Publication Date: 2005-07-25
    Description: Background DNA microarrays are widely used in gene expression analyses. To increase throughput and minimize costs without reducing gene expression data obtained, we investigated whether four mRNA samples can be analyzed simultaneously by applying four different fluorescent dyes. Results Following tests for cross-talk of fluorescence signals, Alexa 488, Alexa 594, Cyanine 3 and Cyanine 5 were selected for hybridizations. For self-hybridizations, a single RNA sample was labelled with all dyes and hybridized on commercial cDNA arrays or on in-house spotted oligonucleotide arrays. Correlation coefficients for all combinations of dyes were above 0.9 on the cDNA array. On the oligonucleotide array they were above 0.8, except combinations with Alexa 488, which were approximately 0.5. Standard deviation of expression differences for replicate spots were similar on the cDNA array for all dye combinations, but on the oligonucleotide array combinations with Alexa 488 showed a higher variation. Conclusion In conclusion, the four dyes can be used simultaneously for gene expression experiments on the tested cDNA array, but only three dyes can be used on the tested oligonucleotide array. This was confirmed by hybridizations of control with test samples, as all combinations returned similar numbers of differentially expressed genes with comparable effects on gene expression.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 52 (2001), S. 1-28 
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This chapter is a chronological and biographical sketch of the professional life of a botanist-plant physiologist. He just happens to be of African-American descent. He cites his early education and through college and graduate school, as well as his war years at the University of Chicago. His postdoc appointment at Caltech with James Bonner was really his professional beginning and highlight. Most of his teaching and research years were spent at Tuskegee University and the George Washington Carver Research Foundation. He spent several tours of research activity, in both the United States and foreign countries. His contact with plant physiologists was quite broad, both in the United States and overseas. Finally, in his senior years, he has turned to mentoring young students into careers in the biological and allied sciences. This activity, he states, has "kept me young beyond my chronological age."
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 8 (1986), S. 203-212 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: arid soils ; nitrogen efficiency ; urea ; urease activity ; urease inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effect of urease inhibitors on the urea hydrolysis in some Sundanese soils belonging to the orders of Vertisol and Entisol. The hydrolysis showed a lag period of about 3 days and its rate (Y) per unit time (t) could be described by a two constants exponential equation of the general form Y = K1tK 2. Statistical analysis showed that the intercept K1 (rate of urea hydrolysis) was significantly affected by soil type rather than treatment. It seems that K1 is associated with the soils' initial urease activity as it closely correlates with the Michaelis constant (km). The gradient, K2, being significantly affected by soil type as well as treatment is probably associated with the induced urease activity with time and it, therefore, varied with variations in soils and treatments. Of the so-called urease inhibitors used in this study Ca(OH)2, p-benzoquinone (PBQ) and orthophosphoric acid (OP) only PBQ reduced urea hydrolysis while the other chemicals have effects possibly related to modifying the soil pH. Inhibitor treated soils had substantial amounts of unacounted for N which was believed to be present, presumably, in the form of carbamate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biomedical microdevices 1 (1999), S. 121-130 
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Keywords: electrochemical actuation ; micropump ; liquid dosing ; gas bubbles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a micromachined electrochemically driven pump capable of dosing precise nanoliter amounts of liquid is presented. The pump consists of a micromachined channel structure realized in silicon by reactive ion etching. On top of this structure a Pyrex® cover piece with noble metal electrodes was bonded. The fluid to be dispensed is stored in a meander shaped reservoir which is part of the channel structure. This meander starts in an electrolyte solution containing reservoir, on top of which two noble metal electrodes are positioned. By the electrochemical production of gas bubbles by electrolysis of water at these electrodes, liquid can be driven out of the meander. The measured volume displacements were in close agreement with theory. Pump rates as low as a few nl/s could accurately be controlled via the actuation current through the electrodes. By applying current pulses rather than a continuous current, preset amounts of fluid in the nanoliter range could be dosed successfully. Because the resulting device consists of simple channel structures and metal electrodes it can easily be integrated in miniaturized chemical analysis systems to dose reagents or calibration solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 745-745 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 14 (1881), S. 1233-1235 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    In:  EPIC3Marine Ecology Progress Series, 516, pp. 85-102, ISSN: 0171-8630
    Publication Date: 2017-01-20
    Description: ABSTRACT: The contribution of planktonic diazotrophs to the overall N budget is a key unknown in the eastern Indian Ocean. Here we investigated the relationships between dissolved inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton pigment composition, microbial community structure, nitrogen fixation rates and the δ15N of fractionated zooplankton samples along the shelf break of Western Australia (32° to 12° S) in September 2012. Bulk nitrogen fixation rates declined from 4.8 nmol l−1 h−1 in the colder and more saline sub-tropical waters at higher latitudes to 1.5 nmol l−1 h−1 in the warmer and fresher Timor Sea at lower latitudes. A regional bloom of Trichodesmium was identified between 13° and 9° S in the Timor Sea. Trichodesmium-specific N2 fixation rates were 0.05 ± 0.01 nmol colony−1 h−1. Highest dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations occurred at the highest NH4+:NO3− ratios, thereby deviating from the paradigm that greater DIN concentrations come primarily from increased NO3− through advection, mixing or upwelling. Both the microplankton and nanoflagellate fraction declined significantly in warmer waters, with higher DIN concentrations but decreasing % NO3−. A clear increase in the prokaryotic diagnostic pigment zeaxanthin was seen with increasing temperatures from higher to lower latitudes. The microbial community, measured using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), clustered strongly according to the water mass biogeochemistry including temperature, salinity, DIN and phosphate concentrations (p 〈 0.001). Isotope analysis suggested that injections of low δ15N from N2 fixation lowered the zooplankton δ15N signature of animals up to ~500 μm in size and that nearly 47% of the fixed nitrogen was used by zooplankton (≤500 μm fraction) in the Timor Sea.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and funguslike taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others’ work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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