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  • 1
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    Satellite-derived light extinction coefficient and its impact on thermal structure simulations in a 1-D lake model, link to supplementary data (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zolfaghari, Kiana; Duguay, Claude R; Kheyrollah Pour, Homa (2017): Satellite-derived light extinction coefficient and its impact on thermal structure simulations in a 1-D lake model. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(1), 377-391, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-377-2017
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-15
    Description: A global constant value of the extinction coefficient (Kd) is usually specified in lake models to parameterize water clarity. This study aimed to improve the performance of the 1-D freshwater lake (FLake) model using satellite-derived Kd for Lake Erie. The CoastColour algorithm was applied to MERIS satellite imagery to estimate Kd. The constant (0.2/m) and satellite-derived Kd values as well as radiation fluxes and meteorological station observations were then used to run FLake for a meteorological station on Lake Erie. Results improved compared to using the constant Kd value (0.2/m). No significant improvement was found in FLake-simulated lake surface water temperature (LSWT) when Kd variations in time were considered using a monthly average. Therefore, results suggest that a time independent, lake-specific, and constant satellite-derived Kd value can reproduce LSWT with sufficient accuracy for the Lake Erie station. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess the impact of various Kd values on the simulation outputs. Results show that FLake is sensitive to variations in Kd to estimate the thermal structure of Lake Erie. Dark waters result in warmer spring and colder fall temperatures compared to clear waters. Dark waters always produce colder mean water column temperature (MWCT) and lake bottom water temperature (LBWT), shallower mixed layer depth (MLD), longer ice cover duration, and thicker ice. The sensitivity of FLake to Kd variations was more pronounced in the simulation of MWCT, LBWT, and MLD. The model was particularly sensitive to Kd values below 0.5/m. This is the first study to assess the value of integrating Kd from the satellite-based CoastColour algorithm into the FLake model. Satellite-derived Kd is found to be a useful input parameter for simulations with FLake and possibly other lake models, and it has potential for applicability to other lakes where Kd is not commonly measured.
    Keywords: Lake_Erie
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 126.2 kBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Bile Salt-Dependent Cholesteryl Ester Hydrolase in the Uptake of Micellar Cholesterol by Intestinal Cells (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 6351-6358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00019a013
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multicatalytic high-molecular-weight neutral endopeptidase from human kidney
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 258 (1987), S. 42-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(87)90320-1
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma alkaline phosphatase isozymes: Isolation and characterization of isozymes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Enzymology 242 (1971), S. 108-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2744
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2744(71)90092-1
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Robust Photogrammetric Metrology System for Monitoring the Healing of Bedsores (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 20 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A three-camera close range photogrammetric system for robust and precise measurement of bedsores has been designed and constructed. MEDPHOS (MEDical PHOtogrammetric System) consists of three synchronised cameras with convergent optical axes. A light projector is fixed in the centre of the rig that holds the cameras. A special dot pattern is projected onto the surface to be measured, to compensate for the lack of natural texture on the wound surface. The proposed algorithm consists of the following steps: the cameras and projector are calibrated so that all interior and exterior parameters are known; tailored image segmentation procedures are developed and applied for the detection of the projected pattern dots from the uneven background of the images using morphologic operators; and watershed transformation is used to tackle the problem of overlapping pattern dots. To reduce the effects of non-uniform illumination and specular reflection of light due to humidity (often the case with wounds), a homomorphic transformation is developed and applied to the images. After segmentation of the images, a connected-component labelling procedure is used to establish the points for matching. The centroids of these components were precisely calculated. Intensity-based image matching has been tested without yielding satisfactory results due to the significant deviation from the Lambertian reflection assumption used for solving the correspondence problem. This problem is reliably solved by developing a new algorithm based on geometric constraints that allow feature-based matching and do not need approximate values of the location of the targets in the images. This robust three-focal constraint is found to be very effective for matching provided the necessary conditions for the system configuration are met. Auxiliary photometric constraints together with the calibrated projector (which is treated like an active camera) also serve as additional sources of information for reducing the number of remaining ambiguities and checking the consistency of the results. Almost all of the required biometric information can be obtained rapidly, robustly and easily using MEDPHOS. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2005.00319.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast ECE correlation radiometry for fluctuation measurements in JET and PBX-M : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4619-4621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We discuss the fluctuation characteristics expected from MHD modes including ballooning modes and show how they can be studied using measurements of ECE. A novel technique, ECE correlation radiometry, which enables the location and spatial structure of long wavelength (L(approximately-greater-than)0.1×a) MHD modes to be determined, is described. Measurements on JET with a 44-channel ECE heterodyne radiometer are presented and show the existence of high-frequency (high n number) MHD modes under high poloidal beta, pellet-enhanced performance (PEP) plasma conditions. Similar measurements are planned for PBX-M and the measurement system is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143689
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostics for real-time plasma control in PBX-M : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 519-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An important issue for future tokamaks is real-time plasma control for the avoidance of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities and other applications that require detailed plasma profile and fluctuation data. Although measurements from diagnostics providing this information require significantly more processing than magnetic flux data, recent advancements could make them practical for adjusting operational settings for plasma heating and current drive systems as well as field coil currents. On the Princeton Beta Experiment-Modification (PBX-M), the lower hybrid current drive phasing can be varied during a plasma shot using digitally programmable ferrite phase shifters, and neural beam functions can be fully computer controlled. PBX-M diagnostics that may be used for control purposes include motional Stark-effect polarimetry for magnetic field pitch angle profiles, soft x-ray arrays for plasma position control and the separation of βp from li, hard x-ray detectors for energetic electron distributions, a multichannel electron cyclotron emission radiometer for ballooning mode identification, and passive plate eddy current monitors for kink stabilization. We will describe the present status of these systems on PBX-M, and discuss their suitability for feedback applications. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146543
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of internal MHD fluctuations in PBX-M by an ECE heterodyne radiometer (invited) (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 402-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Localized measurements of internal MHD activity in PBX-M have been made using a heterodyne radiometer. The radiometer measures third harmonic optically gray ECE from the center to the outer edge of the plasma on 8 radially localized frequency channels from 112–127 GHz. The radiometer uses a focusing gaussian optics system which provides a vertical resolution of approximately 6 cm throughout the plasma. The radial resolution of the diagnostics is limited by the relativistic broadening to approximately 2–3 cm. Long wavelength (k〈0.5 cm−1) temperature and density fluctuations can therefore be detected using this diagnostic. Correlation techniques have been used on the data to provide fluctuation sensitivity as low as 0.4%. An analytical theory has been developed which relates the measured amplitude of the coherent ECE fluctuations caused by a MHD mode to its mode characteristics. Using the analysis, the MHD mode displacement amplitude ξ(r) has for the first time been calculated for observed MHD activity in a tokamak plasma. ξ(r) and δP/P have been calculated for high n-number MHD modes in high-βp PBX-M plasmas. The results of these measurements will be presented. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146359
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High speed x-ray radiography diagnostic of current interruption in circuit breakers (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1945-1948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: High-speed x-ray radiography is used for the imaging of internal components of a low-voltage air circuit breaker during fast current interruption events. A continuous x-ray source was used to irradiate the circuit breaker during interruption, while a fast camera imaging system recorded the output visible light from the x-ray image intensifier up to a maximum rate of 4000 frames per second. Detailed time-resolved images were obtained of the movable contact position and tripping mechanism components of the circuit breaker during the interruption event. Experimental observations were used to validate numerical simulation results obtained using electromagnetics and dynamics/kinematics analysis software. In addition to imaging of the circuit breaker mechanism, molten metal streams and droplets ejected from the electrodes were also observed. Tracking of these metallic particles can provide valuable information about contact phenomena and gas flow fields in circuit breakers. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1461878
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of internal MHD modes in Princeton beta experiment modification by ECE fluctuation radiometry : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1395-1399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Localized measurements of internal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity in the Princeton Beta Experiment-Modification (PBX-M) have been made using a heterodyne radiometer. The radiometer measures third harmonic optically gray electron cyclotron emission (ECE) from the center to the outer edge of the plasma on eight radially localized frequency channels from 112–128 GHz. The radiometer uses a focusing Gaussian optics system, which provides a vertical resolution of approximately 6 cm throughout the plasma. The radial resolution of the diagnostics is limited by the relativistic broadening to approximately 2–3 cm. Long wavelength (k〈0.5 cm−1) temperature and density fluctuations can therefore be detected using this diagnostic. A MHD mode's characteristics such as pressure fluctuations and mode amplitude can be derived from the coherent fluctuations it causes in the ECE signal using an analytical theory developed by Luckhardt et al. (MIT Plasma Fusion Center Report No. PFC-JA/91-16, 1991). Using this analysis, pressure fluctuations (δP/P) have been calculated for high n-number MHD modes in high-βp PBX-M plasmas. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1309007
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