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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite elastoplastic deformation of an internally pressurized hollow sphere (1993)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 6 (1993), S. 81-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Keywords: finite deformation ; dilatant soil ; cavity expansion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper considers large elastoplastic deformations of an internally pressurized hollow sphere of dilatant soil. A complete analytical solution for the expansion of a hollow sphere is developed. The soil is modelled as an elastic-perfectly plastic material obeying the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. A non-associated plastic flow rule is used and therefore the dilation of the material is fully taken into account. Closed form solutions are obtained for the stresses and the elastic-plastic deformations of arbitrary magnitude when a hollow sphere of soil is subjected to constant external pressure and monotonically increasing internal pressure. A selection of numerical results is presented to indicate the effects of various key parameters
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207816
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between sensitisation and small punch test behaviour in a high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel at cryogenic temperatures (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Austenitic stainless components used in nuclear fusion reactors must be capable of maintaining reasonable mechanical properties to thermal ageing caused by welding and in-service. Recently, high-nitrogen (High-N) austenitic stainless steels (SS) are receiving increased attention because of their strength advantages, but they have been found to be susceptible to dichromium nitride (Cr2N) precipitation during thermal exposure at 823–1073 K. The susceptibility to sensitisation at thermal ageing temperature for high-N austenitic SS is examined using the single-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test. High-N SS were found to be susceptible to sensitisation caused by grain boundary precipitation of Cr2N, with the degree of sensitisation increasing systematically with ageing time and temperature. In particular, it was found that the precipitates, which effected sensitisation, were changed from carbides (M23C6) to nitrides (Cr2N) with increasing ageing time and temperature. The deterioration of mechanical properties associated with thermal ageing in high-N SS was investigated by a small punch (SP) test using miniature specimens at cryogenic temperatures. Results indicated that the degradation of mechanical properties in this alloy was caused by a decrease of cohesive strength resulting from carbides (Cr23C6) and nitrides (Cr2N) precipitated in grain boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00606.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of edible mushroom fungi (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1996), S. 537-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Cellulases ; Lentinula edodes ; ligninases ; mushrooms ; Pleurotus sajor-caju ; Volvariella volvacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract One of the most economically-viable processes for the bioconversion of many types of lignocellulosic wastes is represented by edible mushroom cultivation. Lentinula edodes, Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus sajor-caju are three important commercially cultivated mushrooms which exhibit varying abilities to utilise different lignocellulosics as growth substrate. Examination of the lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of the three species show this diversity to be reflected in qualitative variations in the major enzymic determinants (i.e. cellulases, ligninases) required for substrate bioconversion. For example, L. edodes, which is cultivated on highly lignified substrates such as wood or sawdust, produces two extracellular enzymes which have been associated with lignin depolymerisation in other fungi, (manganese peroxidase and laccase). Conversely, V. volvacea, which prefers high cellulose-, low lignin-containing substrates produces a family of cellulolytic enzymes including at least five endoglucanases, five cellobiohydrolases and two β-glucosidases, but none of the recognised lignin-degrading enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419469
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of finite element implementation of critical state models (2000)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 26 (2000), S. 185-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  In this paper, some practical aspects of the finite element implementation of critical state models are discussed. Improved automatic algorithms for stress integration and load and time stepping are presented. The implementation of two generalized critical state soil models, with one described first in this paper and the other recently published elsewhere, is discussed. The robustness and correctness of the proposed numerical algorithms are illustrated through both coupled and uncoupled analyses of geotechnical problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660000166
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative differences in sperm cells and organelles of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown under differing environmental conditions (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 814-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic inheritance ; Environmental conditions ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Sperm cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In flowers grown at warm temperatures in environmental chambers and at cooler temperatures in the greenhouse, eight parameters of the sperm-cell organization of Nicotiana tabacum were examined during sperm cell maturation using serial ultrathin sectioning, transmission electron microscopy and quantitative cytology. Despite employing the same seed source, and similar soil and nutrient conditions, the surface area and volume of the cell, the nucleus and the chondriome were larger in flowers grown in growth chambers under warmer controlled conditions, whereas the number of plastids appeared to be the same, or slightly higher, in flowers grown under cooler greenhouse conditions. These results suggest that environmental conditions may influence the quantity of cytoplasmic organelles, including mitochondria and plastids, thus potentially influencing the likelihood of male cytoplasmic inheritance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224502
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male cytoplasmic diminution and male germ unit in young and mature pollen of Cymbidium goeringii: a 3-dimensional and quantitative study (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Cymbidium goeringii ; Cytoplasmic diminution ; Generative cell ; Male germ unit ; Vegetative nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Pollinia of Cymbidium goeringii (Orchidaceae) were examined at a young stage (approx. 2 weeks before anthesis) and at anthesis using transmission electron microscopy, computer-assisted serial reconstruction and quantitative cytology. At the young stage, the generative cell (GC) has a spherically shaped main body with a large nucleus and 1 to 4 cytoplasmic extensions (up to 10 μm long) physically associated with a groove on one side of the vegetative nucleus (VN). By anthesis, some GCs lose their cytoplasmic extensions, becoming spherical. The GC surface becomes highly wrinkled, the distance between the GC and the VN increases and the two may separate completely. Enucleated cytoplasmic bodies (ECBs) are apparently generated by the GC, as evidenced by their similar ultrastructural appearance and distribution near the GC. ECBs are likely produced from two sites: the GC surface and the tips of cytoplasmic extensions of the GC. Vesicle-containing bodies (VCBs) may be generated from the lateral surface of the GC and may also represent a degeneration stage of ECBs, finally fusing with lipid bodies. Heritable organelles are rare and usually absent in the GC of Cymbidium: 0.176 mitochondria and 0.0042 plastids per GC were observed at the young stage and no mitochondria and 0.019 plastids at anthesis. Of 16 cellular parameters examined during GC development, all decreased with the exception of the surface area and volume of ECBs/ VCBs (which remained stable) and GC vacuoles (which increased). Significant decreases in 11 parameters presumably relate to dehydration of the pollen and male cytoplasmic diminution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189808
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and field evaluation of volatile blend emitted by calling virgin females of beet armyworm moth,Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3411-3423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trapping ; volatile blend ; sex pheromone ; pheromone blends ; trap bait ; capture ; beet armyworm moth ; Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The volatile blend emitted by calling virgin beet armyworm females was collected and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Five compounds were detected and identified in this blend: (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecen-l-ol, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,Z)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, and (Z)-l 1-hexadecenyl acetate. They were emitted in a ratio of 47.9 ∶4.0∶40.2 ∶6.5 ∶ 1.7, respectively. This five-component blend and several other blends with one or more components deleted were formulated on rubber septa to release the components in about the same ratios as the females. Field tests of these formulations in bucket traps indicated that a blend of (Z)-9 tetradecen-1-ol, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, and (Z)-l 1-hexadecenyl acetate was most effective for trapping beet armyworm males and that (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate actually decreased trap captures. Blends that did not contain both (Z)-9-tetradecen-l-ol and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate were ineffective as trap baits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat and mass transfer in a channel with surface mass addition: Application to phase change processes (1970)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 588-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The heat and mass transfer processes in a binary mixture flowing in a parallel plate channel with mass addition at the bounding surfaces are investigated analytically. The rate of mass addition, the temperature, and the mass fraction are arbitrarily prescribed at each of the bounding walls. Similarity solutions are evaluated numerically to yield pressure gradient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number results for a wide range of each of three governing parameters. It is found that increasingly strong surface mass addition markedly increases the magnitude of the axial pressure gradient. Mass addition decreases the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers at the channel wall at which the injection is strongest but may actually increase these moduli at the opposite wall. A generalizing analysis is performed to accommodate phase change processes as well as to accommodate the specification of plenum conditions rather than wall surface conditions. Application is made to the evaporation of liquid water by an air stream. It is shown that the rate of evaporation is augmented as the rate of air injection increases, but the extent of the augmentation is less than the causative increase in the air flow rate.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690160414
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratified laminar flow in ducts of arbitrary shape (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method of analysis is presented for determining closed-form solutions for two-component stratified laminar flow in horizontal ducts of arbitrary cross section. It is demonstrated that the method is remarkably easy to apply and produces results of high accuracy. As an application, solutions are obtained for stratified flow in a circular tube. The results are compared with various limiting cases and excellent agreement is found to exist. Among the limiting cases, an exact solution was derived by Green's functions for the problem in which the interface between the flow components is situated at the horizontal diametral plane.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sperm cells in pollen tubes ofNicotians tabacum L.: three-dimensional reconstruction, cytoplasmic diminution, and quantitative cytology (1992)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 168 (1992), S. 172-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic inheritance ; Male cytoplasmic diminution ; Male gamete (angiosperm) ; Male germ unit ; Nicotiana ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The organization of the sperm cells and vegetative nucleus (male germ unit) ofNicotiana tabacum was examined 18 h after semivivo pollination using transmission electron microscopy, computerassisted serial section reconstruction and quantitative cytology. Based on a measurement of 11 cellular parameters in nine reconstructed sperm cell pairs, there are no statistically significant differences between the two cells. The Svn is characterized by a strapshaped cytoplasmic extension that is physically associated with the surface of the vegetative nucleus. The nucleus is located adjacent to the sperm crosswall, with sperm organelles being distributed between the nucleus and the extension. The Sua is a tapered cell with cytoplasmic areas at both poles and deep axial invaginations near the crosswall. This cell has a centrally-located nucleus and a largely polar distribution of organelles. Three mechanisms for cytoplasmic diminution were observed that appear to contribute actively to the loss of cytoplasmic volume and organelles: (1) enucleated cytoplasmic body production in the Sua; (2) vesiculation at the tip of the cytoplasmic projection of the Svn; and (3) vesicle-containing body accumulation in the periplasm of both the Svn and Sua.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666263
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