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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 332-346 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flows generated in vessels stirred by two Rushton impellers were investigated in two vessels of diameter (T) 100 and 294 mm with impellers of diameter D = T/3 using flow visualization, power consumption, mixing time, and 360° ensemble-averaged and 1° angle-resolved LDA measurement techniques. The flows depended strongly on the clearance of the lower impeller above the base of the vessel (C1), the separation between the impellers (C2), and the submergence (C3) of the upper impeller below the top of the liquid column height (H). When these distances were varied, three stable and four unstable flow patterns were observed. Comparisons between the two LDA techniques showed that while the 360° ensemble-averaged measurements are useful for characterizing the overall flow structure and turbulence levels in the vessel, care must be exercised when interpreting such data, since in the impeller region they include periodic variations in the mean velocity in addition to the turbulent fluctuations. The trailing vortex structure and flow periodicity produced by the Rushton impellers is shown to decay significantly within a cylindrical region of height 1.2D and radius 1.0D centered around the middle of the vessel, when C1 = C2 = T/3. The turbulence structure within this region is anisotropic, while outside this region it might be considered mostly isotropic. The main flow features scaled well between the vessels.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 21 (1995), S. 571-590 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: CDF ; predictions ; laser Doppler anemometry ; inlet port ; cylinder ; turbulence ; steady flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a combined experimental and computational study of the steady flow through an internal combustion engine inlet port. The port was of generic design with a straight centreline. The three-dimensional velocity and turbulence fields in the port and cylinder were simulated using a computational fluid dynamics programme. Laser sheet flow visualization and laser Doppler anemometry were also employed to investigate the flows and assess the predictions. The results show that a large-scale flow structure is created in the cylinder by the inlet jet and its interaction with the valve and cylinder walls. Both predictions and measurements show that the flow is strongly dependent on the valve lift but is not affected by the flow rate. Comparisons of the numerical predictions with the experimental data indicated that the mean flow features are accurately predicted in many parts of the flow field; some discrepancies are evident and stem primarily from the failure of the simulation to predict a small recirculation region in the port which affects the trajectory of the annular jet entering the cylinder. Calculations were also made without modelling the port shape by using simplified inlet conditions upstream of the valve seat. It was found that this approximation can provide a reasonable, albeit less accurate, description of the flow, but modelling of the port shape is necessary for accurate flow predictions.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 1085-1109 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: intake port ; dual intake ; CFD ; laser Doppler anemometry ; internal combustion engine ; cylinder ; turbulence ; steady flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The influence of intake port design on the flow field in a dual-intake valve engine was investigated using computational fluid dynamics, in order to study the effect of inlet port design on the in-cylinder flow. A detailed 3D computational grid incorporating all the features of the Ford Zetec production engine inlet ports, valves and cylinder head was initially created and the flow structure modelled at 5 and 10 mm valve lifts under steady flow conditions. Comparisons of computational results with experimental data obtained by laser Doppler anemometry indicate that the flow characteristics have been predicted well in most regions. Flow generated by different intake port designs was also simulated by introducing air into the cylinder at different directions to the inlet valve axes and the effects of port deactivation, throttling and exhaust gas recirculation were examined. The implications of the results for intake port design are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 18 (1994), S. 871-886 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Manifolds ; Pipe junctions ; Laser anemometry ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Intake manifolds ; Inlet manifolds ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper reports a combined experimental and numerical investigation of three-dimensional steady turbulent flows in inlet manifolds of square cross-section. Predictions and measurements of the flows were carried out using computational fluid dynamics and laser Doppler anemometry techniques respectively. The flow structure was characterized in detail and the effects of flow split ratio and inlet flow rate were studied. These were found to cause significant variations in the size and shape of recirculation regions in the branches, and in the turbulence levels. It was then found that there is a significant difference between the flow rates through different branches.The performance of the code was assessed through a comparison between predictions and measurements. The comparison demonstrates that all important features of the flow are well represented by the predictions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2003-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0888-5885
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5045
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-03-03
    Print ISSN: 0723-4864
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1114
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-05-12
    Print ISSN: 0723-4864
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1114
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1987-02-01
    Description: Liquid flow in a baffled stirred reactor vessel driven by a six blade disk impeller has been investigated experimentally. Laser slit photography provided an overview of the flows which were quantified by measurements of velocity characteristics, obtained with a laser Doppler anemometer, for an impeller rotational speed of 300 r.p.m. and for three impeller clearances from the bottom of the vessel. The mean flow results show an inclination of the impeller stream and the formation of ring vortices above and below the impeller, which depend on the clearance; the flow was strongly three dimensional with large regions having circumferential velocities in a direction opposite to that of the impeller rotation. Impeller induced torque measurements show that the Power number is invariant with clearance for turbulent flow Reynolds numbers (≥40000) and increases with impeller diameter. The flow structure was controlled mainly by convection and pressure forces with turbulent mixing important in the impeller region. © 1987, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-11-07
    Description: The interaction of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder with an inflow which has low-amplitude periodic velocity oscillations (perturbations) superimposed upon it, was investigated experimentally by means of particle image velocimetry. The experiments were made at three perturbation frequencies across the lock-on range in which the vortex shedding frequency is synchronized with the subharmonic of the imposed frequency. The basic wake pattern in this range is antisymmetric vortex shedding, i.e. the familiar 2S mode. The timing of vortex shedding is defined with respect to the cross-flow oscillation of the wake which is found to play a critical role. Quantitative analysis of the phase-referenced patterns of vorticity distribution in the wake shows that a vortex is actually shed from the cylinder when the cross-flow oscillation of the wake is strongest, marked by a sudden drop in the computed vortex strength. At the middle of the lock-on range, shedding occurs near the minimum inflow velocity in the cycle or, equivalently, during the forward stroke of a cylinder oscillating in-line with the flow. It is argued that the imposed timing of vortex shedding relative to the cylinder motion induces a negative excitation from the fluid, which might explain why the in-line response of a freely vibrating cylinder exhibits two positive excitation regions separated by the lock-on region found in forced oscillations. © 2005 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1982-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0142-727X
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2278
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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