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Brassica Improvement : Molecular, Genetics and Genomic Perspectives (2020)

Wani, Shabir Hussain. [editor.] ; Thakur, Ajay Kumar. [editor.] ; Jeshima Khan, Yasin. [editor.]

Cham :Springer International Publishing :

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Keywords: Agriculture. ; Plant biotechnology. ; Plant physiology. ; Plant genetics. ; Nutrition . ; Agriculture. ; Plant Biotechnology. ; Plant Physiology. ; Plant Genetics. ; Nutrition.

Description / Table of Contents: 1 Utilization of rapeseed-mustard genetic resources for Brassica improvement -- 2 Recent advances in cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in crop Brassicas -- 3 Ancient and recent Polyploid evolution in Brassicas -- 4 Production and application of doubled haploid in Brassica improvement.-5 Tissue culture-mediated biotechnological advancements in genus Brassica -- 6 Genomics for Brassica quality improvement -- 7 Biofortification of Brassica for quality improvement.-8 Genetics and Genomic Approaches for Disease Resistance in Brassicas.-9 Arsenic toxicity and molecular mechanism of arsenic tolerance in different members of Brassicaceae.-10 Transgenic approaches for Brassica improvement.-11 Genetic diversity studies in Indian mustard using molecular markers.

Abstract: Global population is mounting at an alarming stride to surpass 9.3 billion by 2050, whereas simultaneously the agricultural productivity is gravely affected by climate changes resulting in increased biotic and abiotic stresses. The genus Brassica belongs to the mustard family whose members are known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages or mustard plants. Rapeseed-mustard is world’s third most important source of edible oil after soybean and oil palm. It has worldwide acceptance owing to its rare combination of health promoting factors. It has very low levels of saturated fatty acids which make it the healthiest edible oil that is commonly available. Apart from this, it is rich in antioxidants by virtue of tocopherols and phytosterols presence in the oil. The high omega 3 content reduces the risk of atherosclerosis/heart attack. Conventional breeding methods have met with limited success in Brassica because yield and stress resilience are polygenic traits and are greatly influenced by environment. Therefore, it is imperative to accelerate the efforts to unravel the biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying yield, quality and tolerance towards biotic and abiotic stresses in Brassica. To exploit its fullest potential, systematic efforts are needed to unlock the genetic information for new germplasms that tolerate initial and terminal state heat coupled with moisture stress. For instance, wild relatives may be exploited in developing introgressed and resynthesized lines with desirable attributes. Exploitation of heterosis is another important area which can be achieved by introducing transgenics to raise stable CMS lines. Doubled haploid breeding and marker assisted selection should be employed along with conventional breeding. Breeding programmes aim at enhancing resource use efficiency, especially nutrient and water as well as adoption to aberrant environmental changes should also be considered. Biotechnological interventions are essential for altering the biosynthetic pathways for developing high oleic and low linolenic lines. Accordingly, tools such as microspore and ovule culture, embryo rescue, isolation of trait specific genes especially for aphid, Sclerotinia and alternaria blight resistance, etc. along with identification of potential lines based on genetic diversity can assist ongoing breeding programmes. In this book, we highlight the recent molecular, genetic and genomic interventions made to achieve crop improvement in terms of yield increase, quality and stress tolerance in Brassica, with a special emphasis in Rapeseed-mustard.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: XIII, 253 p. 11 illus., 10 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2020.

ISBN: 9783030346942

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34694-2

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34694-2

DDC: 630

Language: English

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Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report, links to Global surface ozone datasets (2017)

Schultz, Martin G ; Schröder, Sabine ; Lyapina, Olga ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Schultz, Martin G; Schröder, Sabine; Lyapina, Olga; Cooper, Owen R; Galbally, Ian; Petropavlovskikh, Irina; von Schneidemesser, Erika; Tanimoto, Hiroshi; Elshorbany, Yasin; Naja, Manish; Seguel, Rodrigo J; Dauert, Ute; Eckhardt, Paul; Feigenspan, Stefan; Fiebig, Markus; Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn; Hong, You-Deog; Kjeld, Peter Christian; Koide, Hiroshi; Lear, Gary; Tarasick, David; Ueno, Mikio; Wallasch, Markus; Baumgardner, Darrel; Chuang, Ming-Tung; Gillett, Robert; Lee, Meehye; Molloy, Suzie; Moolla, Raeesa; Wang, Tao; Sharps, Katrina; Adame, Jose A; Ancellet, Gerard; Apadula, Francesco; Artaxo, Paulo; Barlasina, Maria E; Bogucka, Magdalena; Bonasoni, Paolo; Chang, Limseok; Colomb, Aurelie; Cuevas-Agulló, Emilio; Cupeiro, Manuel; Degorska, Anna; Ding, Aijun; Fröhlich, Marina; Frolova, Marina; Gadhavi, Harish; Gheusi, Francois; Gilge, Stefan; Gonzalez, Margarita Y; Gros, Valérie; Hamad, Samera H; Helmig, Detlev; Henriques, Diamantino; Hermansen, Ove; Holla, Robert; Hueber, Jacques; Im, Ulas; Jaffe, Daniel A; Komala, Ninong; Kubistin, Dagmar; Lam, Ka-Se; Laurila, Tuomas; Lee, Haeyoung; Levy, Ilan; Mazzoleni, Claudio; Mazzoleni, Lynn R; McClure-Begley, Audra; Mohamad, Maznorizan; Murovec, Marijana; Navarro-Comas, Monica; Nicodim, Florin; Parrish, David; Read, Katie Alana; Reid, Nick; Ries, Ludwig; Saxena, Pallavi; Schwab, James J; Scorgie, Yvonne; Senik, Irina; Simmonds, Peter; Sinha, Vinayak; Skorokhod, Andrey I; Spain, Gerard; Spangl, Wolfgang; Spoor, Ronald; Springston, Stephen R; Steer, Kelvyn; Steinbacher, Martin; Suharguniyawan, Eka; Torre, Paul; Trickl, Thomas; Weili, Lin; Weller, Rolf; Xu, Xiaobin; Xue, Likun; Ma, Zhiqiang (2017): Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and Metrics Data of Global Surface Ozone Observations. Elementa - Science of the Anthropocene, 5:58, 26 pp, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.244

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Publication Date: 2023-11-18

Description: In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone metrics products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allow for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world's largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions.

Keywords: TOAR; Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report

Type: Dataset

Format: application/zip, 7 datasets

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Host autophagy machinery is diverted to the pathogen interface to mediate focal defense responses against the Irish potato famine pathogen (2018)

Dagdas, Yasin F ; Pandey, Pooja ; Tumtas, Yasin ; [et al.]

eLife Sciences Publications

In: eLife. 2018; 7: Published 2018 Jun 22. doi: 10.7554/elife.37476.

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Publication Date: 2018-06-22

Description: During plant cell invasion, the oomycete Phytophthora infestans remains enveloped by host-derived membranes whose functional properties are poorly understood. P. infestans secretes a myriad of effector proteins through these interfaces for plant colonization. Recently we showed that the effector protein PexRD54 reprograms host-selective autophagy by antagonising antimicrobial-autophagy receptor Joka2/NBR1 for ATG8CL binding (Dagdas et al., 2016). Here, we show that during infection, ATG8CL/Joka2 labelled defense-related autophagosomes are diverted toward the perimicrobial host membrane to restrict pathogen growth. PexRD54 also localizes to autophagosomes across the perimicrobial membrane, consistent with the view that the pathogen remodels host-microbe interface by co-opting the host autophagy machinery. Furthermore, we show that the host-pathogen interface is a hotspot for autophagosome biogenesis. Notably, overexpression of the early autophagosome biogenesis protein ATG9 enhances plant immunity. Our results implicate selective autophagy in polarized immune responses of plants and point to more complex functions for autophagy than the widely known degradative roles.

Electronic ISSN: 2050-084X

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by eLife Sciences Publications

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Experimental and Statistical Validation of Data on Mesh-Coupled Annular Distributor Design for Swirling Fluidized Beds (2020)

Shukrullah, Shazia ; Naz, Muhammad Yasin ; Ghaffar, Abdul ; [et al.]

Molecular Diversity Preservation International

In: Processes. 2020; 8(5): 632. Published 2020 May 25. doi: 10.3390/pr8050632.

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Publication Date: 2020-05-25

Description: In this study, velocimetry and statistical analyses were conducted on a swirling fluidized bed. A bed of spherical particles (4 mm) was fluidized by using an annular distributor covered with mesh. The angles of rectangular blades in the distributor were set at 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°, and the cell size of the mesh cover was 2.5 × 2.5 mm2. The weight was varied from 500 to 1250 g and the effect of each variable on bed velocity response was quantified through velocimetry and statistical analysis. The statistical analysis was conducted using NCSS statistical software. The blade angle, bed weight and superficial velocity for 4 mm particles were statistically optimized at 750 g, 58.26° and 1.45 m/s, respectively. On the experimental side, these parameters have been optimized at 750 g, 60° and 1.41 m/s, respectively. A small difference of 1.74° was noticed in experimental and statistical predictions for the blade angle. The bed weights and superficial velocities were found to be same in both cases. The confidence interval (95%) for bed velocity was proposed in the range of 0.513 to 0.519 m/s. The experimentally optimized bed velocity remained within the proposed range. The well-agreeing results indicate good practical value of distributor design and high precision of the experimental measurements.

Electronic ISSN: 2227-9717

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International

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Numerical and experimental study for assessment the effect of baffles in a grooved cavity (2020)

Yasin, Aya H. ; Yasin, Nabil J.

Institute of Physics

In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 881: 012048. Published 2020 Aug 11. doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/881/1/012048.

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Publication Date: 2020-08-11

Print ISSN: 1757-8981

Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Published by Institute of Physics

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Energy-Efficient Navigation of an Autonomous Swarm with Adaptive Consciousness (2021)

Yasin, Jawad Naveed ; Mahboob, Huma ; Haghbayan, Mohammad-Hashem ; [et al.]

Molecular Diversity Preservation International

In: Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(6): 1059. Published 2021 Mar 11. doi: 10.3390/rs13061059.

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Publication Date: 2021-03-11

Description: The focus of this work is to analyze the behavior of an autonomous swarm, in which only the leader or a dedicated set of agents can take intelligent decisions with other agents just reacting to the information that is received by those dedicated agents, when the swarm comes across stationary or dynamic obstacles. An energy-aware information management algorithm is proposed to avoid over-sensation in order to optimize the sensing energy based on the amount of information obtained from the environment. The information that is needed from each agent is determined by the swarm’s self-awareness in the space domain, i.e., its self-localization characteristics. A swarm of drones as a multi-agent system is considered to be a distributed wireless sensor network that is able to share information inside the swarm and make decisions accordingly. The proposed algorithm reduces the power that is consumed by individual agents due to the use of ranging sensors for observing the environment for safe navigation. This is because only the leader or a dedicated set of agents will turn on their sensors and observe the environment, whereas other agents in the swarm will only be listening to their leader’s translated coordinates and the whereabouts of any detected obstacles w.r.t. the leader. Instead of systematically turning on the sensors to avoid potential collisions with moving obstacles, the follower agents themselves decide on when to turn on their sensors, resulting in further reduction of overall power consumption of the whole swarm. The simulation results show that the swarm maintains the desired formation and efficiently avoids collisions with encountered obstacles, based on the cross-referencing feedback between the swarm agents.

Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292

Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography

Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International

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Filter Extracted Sliding Mode Approach for DC Microgrids (2021)

Yasin, Abdul Rehman ; Yasin, Amina ; Riaz, Mudassar ; [et al.]

Molecular Diversity Preservation International

In: Electronics . 2021; 10(16): 1882. Published 2021 Aug 05. doi: 10.3390/electronics10161882.

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Publication Date: 2021-08-05

Description: The advantages offered by DC microgrids, such as elimination of skin effect losses, no requirement of frequency synchronization and high efficiency for power transmission are the major reasons that microgrids have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. Moreover, the DC friendly nature of renewable energy resources makes them a perfect choice for integration with DC microgrids, resulting in increased reliability and improved stability. However, in order to integrate renewable energy resources with the DC microgrids, challenges like equal load sharing and voltage regulation of the busbar under diverse varying load conditions are to be addressed. Conventionally, droop control with PI compensation is used to serve this purpose. However, this cascaded scheme results in poor regulation to large load variations and steady state errors. To address this issue, this paper presents a sliding mode control-based approach. Key features of SMC are its ease of implementation, robustness to load variations, and fast dynamic response. The system model is derived and simulated to analyze the stability and performance of the proposed controller. An experimental test bench is developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of SMC against modeled dynamics and is compared with the droop controller. The results show an improvement of 26% and 27.4% in the rise time and settling time, respectively. Robustness of the proposed scheme is also tested by switching it with a step load and an improvement of 40% has been observed.

Electronic ISSN: 2079-9292

Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International

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An oomycete effector subverts host vesicle trafficking to channel starvation-induced autophagy to the pathogen interface (2021)

Pandey, Pooja ; Leary, Alexandre Y ; Tumtas, Yasin ; [et al.]

eLife Sciences Publications

In: eLife. 2021; 10: Published 2021 Aug 23. doi: 10.7554/elife.65285.

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Publication Date: 2021-08-23

Description: Eukaryotic cells deploy autophagy to eliminate invading microbes. In turn, pathogens have evolved effector proteins to counteract antimicrobial autophagy. How adapted pathogens co-opt autophagy for their own benefit is poorly understood. The Irish famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans secretes the effector protein PexRD54 that selectively activates an unknown plant autophagy pathway that antagonizes antimicrobial autophagy at the pathogen interface. Here, we show that PexRD54 induces autophagosome formation by bridging vesicles decorated by the small GTPase Rab8a with autophagic compartments labeled by the core autophagy protein ATG8CL. Rab8a is required for pathogen-triggered and starvation-induced but not antimicrobial autophagy, revealing specific trafficking pathways underpin selective autophagy. By subverting Rab8a-mediated vesicle trafficking, PexRD54 utilizes lipid droplets to facilitate biogenesis of autophagosomes diverted to pathogen feeding sites. Altogether, we show that PexRD54 mimics starvation-induced autophagy to subvert endomembrane trafficking at the host-pathogen interface, revealing how effectors bridge distinct host compartments to expedite colonization.

Electronic ISSN: 2050-084X

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by eLife Sciences Publications

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