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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyridazinones. 2. Synthesis and antisecretory and antiulcer activities of thiourea and 2-cyanoguanidine derivatives (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 26 (1983), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00357a012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyridazinones. 3. Synthesis, antisecretory, and antiulcer activities of 2-cyanoguanidine derivatives (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 26 (1983), S. 1144-1149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00362a011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyridazinones. 1. Synthesis, antisecretory, and antiulcer activities of thio amide derivatives (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 25 (1982), S. 975-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00350a018
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenic change in leaf shape and crown form of a tropical tree,Scaphium macropodum (Sterculiaceae) in Borneo (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 109 (1996), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Crown form ; Indonesia ; Leaf shape ; Scaphium ; Tropical rain forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Crown architecture was analyzed forScaphium macropodum (Sterculiaceae), a common shade-tolerant emergent tree of a tropical rain forest in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Saplings and poles shorter than 12 m in height had no branches, and gathered their leaves at the ends of the stem. The leaves changed from entire to palmately-parted with increasing tree size. The parted leaves increased the light penetration through the clustered foliage. The size of leaves including the blade and petiole ranged from 22 cm to 147 cm. Because the weight of petiole per blade increased with leaf size, the leaf could not be enlarged infinitely. Taller trees with lateral branches bore small (about 40 cm in length) entire leaves. The light intensity in the forest increased from the ground to about 12 m tall and was nearly constant from 12 m to 18 m. Crown architecture ofS. macropodum adapted to this light environment. The monoaxial trees lower than 12 m could thus increase the amount of light with vertical elongation, and the branched trees higher than 12 m could increase it by means of lateral extension of crown area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344547
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling of Petiole Dimensions with Respect to Leaf Size for a Tropical Tree, Scaphium macropodum (Sterculiaceae), in Borneo (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 112 (1999), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Keywords: Bending, Leaf, Petiole, Pipe model theory, Statics, Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee ex Heyne (Sterculiaceae) in a tropical rain forest in West Kalimantan (Indonesia) was analyzed from the viewpoint of statics. The petiole diameter must increase with increasing leaf size to retain enough mechanical stability and a sufficient amount of conductive vessels. The petiole's cross-sectional area at its base was found to be proportional to the leaf blade's dry mass, which indicates that Shinozaki's pipe model is applicable to leaves with different sizes. Although larger leaves produce greater bending moments on the petiole's cross-section as a result of their greater weights, the bending stresses at the petiole's base caused by the leaf's weight were constant at ca. 76,900 g cm−2 regardless of leaf size. Thicker petioles increase the leaf's mechanical stability, but require sizable energy investments for their construction. It is hypothesized that the constant value for petiolar stress indicates an optimal balance between energy economy and the mechanical stability of S. macropodum leaves. To keep bending stress constant, the leaf blade's center of gravity shifts to a more proximal position and the cross-sectional area of the petiole increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013859
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The leaf development process and its significance for reducing self-shading of a tropical pioneer tree species (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 125 (2000), S. 476-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Crown geometry Leaf blade Leaf growth Macaranga gigantea Petiole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. On a monoaxial erect stem of trees with continuous leafing, the older leaves would be quickly shaded by newer (upper) leaves if the trees did not have any compensating mechanisms to avoid self-shading. We hypothesized that the dynamic adjustment of leaf deployment, by regulating the patterns of leaf growth and by changing leaf orientation as leaves age, is a compensating mechanism. To verify this hypothesis, we analyzed leaf development and crown structure of a Far Eastern tropical pioneer tree species, Macaranga gigantea (Rub. f. et Toll.) M.A., which unfolds huge leaves directly on a monoaxial stem with a short leafing interval. Petioles required more than 90 days for full elongation and the petiole angle (the angle between the petiole axis and the vertical) increased over time. Thus, a series of leaves on a stem progressively increased in petiole length and petiole angle from the youngest to the oldest leaves. This is beneficial because it decreases the degree of self-shading within a crown. A simulation suggested that an average crown for the M. gigantea seedlings, which was constructed using empirically determined morphometric data cannot entirely eliminate self-shading within the crown. But an average crown had a lower degree of self-shading, with less dry mass allocation to the petiole than simulated crowns that were identical to the average crown in all but one respect: they had constant petiole lengths or petiole angles. We conclude that M. gigantea seedlings reduce self-shading by regulating elongation of the petiole and changes in the petiole angle with increasing leaf age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000473
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual stress estimation of a silicon carbide-Kovar joint (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 2887-2892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Residual stress of silicon carbide and Kovar is calculated using the elasto-plastic method and its validity is checked by the four-point bending test. Silicon carbide and Kovar (Fe-27% Ni-7% Co) are diffusion bonded using Al-10% Si alloy clad on a pure aluminium sheet at 883 K and 4.9 MPa under a vacuum condition. The non-linear structure analysis program (ADINA) is used for the stress estimation. It is found by the calculation that the maximum tensile stress, about 170 MPa, is generated in the silicon carbide close to the interlayer. In the bending test, the fracture of the joint is found to occur from the point where the maximum calculated tensile stress is generated, and the bending strength of the joint is 113 MPa. It becomes clear that the calculated stress and the measured strength of the joint is nearly equal to the strength of the silicon carbide itself (280 MPa). Therefore, it can be concluded that the stress estimation in this method indicates a good approximation of the practical residual stress of the joint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01124817
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 on the Gene Expression of Decorin, Biglycan, and Alkaline Phosphatase in Osteoblast Precursor Cells and More Differentiated Osteoblast Cells (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 31 (1999), S. 687-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study, the effects of incubating two clonal rat osteoblastic cell lines at different stages of differentiation, ROB-C26 (C26) and ROB-C20 (C20), with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on the gene expression of decorin, biglycan, and alkaline phosphatase were examined. C26 cells are a potential osteoblast precursor cell line that is also capable of differentiating into muscle cells and adipocytes and is differentiated into osteoblasts after treatment with bone morphogenetic protein-2. C20 cells are a more differentiated osteoblastic cell line. Our Northern blot studies demonstrated that after treatment with TGF-β1 (0, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 ng/ml), a dose- and time-dependent decrease in decorin mRNA expression was found in C26 cells. In contrast, the effect of decorin mRNA with TGF-β1 was not determined in C20 cells, since decorin mRNA expression was extremely low in this cell line even in the absence or presence of TGF-β1. Although TGF-β1 treatment resulted in no appreciable effect on biglycan mRNA expression in both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner, it decreased significantly the expression of alkaline phosphatase in both cell lines at the gene and protein level. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the gene expression of decorin, and TGF-β type I and type II receptors in both cell lines. These results indicate that osteoblasts progenitor cells express both decorin and biglycan mRNAs. In contrast, more differentiated and mature osteoblastic cells express preferentially biglycan mRNA. TGF-β1 exerts different effects on the expression of decorin and biglycan mRNAs, and is a potent inhibitor of the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase during osteoblast differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003855922395
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopical immunohistochemical localization of large proteoglycans in human tooth germs at the bell stage (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 29 (1997), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The immunohistochemical localization of large hyaluronate-binding proteoglycans has been studied in human tooth germs at the bell stage using a monoclonal antibody, 5D5, which is derived from bovine sclera and specifically recognizes the core protein of large proteoglycans, such as versican, neurocan and brevican, but not that of aggrecan. In the early bell stage before predentine secretion, when the enamel organs consisted of the inner and outer enamel epithelia, stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum, the enamel organs were not stained by 5D5, but the dental papillae and follicles stained strongly. Concomitant with the secretion of predentine, dentine and subsequent enamel matrix, strong 5D5 immunostaining distributed over the entire cell surfaces of secretory ameloblasts was observed. The forming enamel matrix showed strong staining. While most of the inner and outer enamel epithelia and stratum intermedium lacked staining, the cervical loop region and stellate reticulum showed weak staining. Although the forming dentine and odontoblasts appeared to lack 5D5 affinity, the predentine, dental papilla and dental follicle demonstrated moderate to strong reactivity. At the ultrastructural level, specific immunoreaction by immunogold particle deposition was clearly detected over the basal lamina of presecretory ameloblasts, secretion granules of secretory ameloblasts and the forming enamel matrix. These results indicate that a marked increase in the large proteoglycan associated with secretory ameloblasts may correlate with cell differentiation and enamel matrix biosynthesis
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026489506952
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature and distribution of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in rabbit alveolar bone (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 28 (1996), S. 341-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The type and distribution of mineral binding and collagenous matrix-associated chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in rabbit alveolar bone were studied biochemically and immunocytochemically, using three monoclonal antibodies (mAb 2B6, 3B3, and 1B5). The antibodies specifically recognize oligosaccharide stubs that remain attached to the core protein after enzymatic digestion of proteoglycans and identify epitopes in chondroitin 4-sulphate and dermatan sulphate; chondroitin 6-sulphate and unsulphated chondroitin; and unsulphated chondroitin, respectively. In addition, mAb 2B6 detects chondroitin 4-sulphate with chondroitinase ACII pre-treatment, and dermatan sulphate with chondroitinase B pre-treatment. Bone proteins were extracted from fresh specimens with a three-step extraction procedure: 4m guanidine HCl (G-1 extract), 0.4m EDTA (E-extract), followed by guanidine HCl (G-2 extract), to characterize mineral binding and collagenous matrix associated proteoglycans in E- and G2-extracts, respectively. Biochemical results using Western blot analysis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of E- and G2-extracts demonstrated that mineral binding proteoglycans contain chondroitin 4-sulphate, chondroitin 6-sulphate, and dermatan sulphate, whereas collagenous matrix associated proteoglycans showed a predominance of dermatan sulphate with a trace of chondroitin 4-sulphate and no detectable chondroitin 6-sulphate or unsulphated chondroitin. Immunocytochemistry showed that staining associated with the mineral phase was limited to the walls of osteocytic lacunae and bone canaliculi, whereas staining associated with the matrix phase was seen on and between collagen fibrils in the remainder of the bone matrix. These results indicate that mineral binding proteoglycans having chondroitin 4-sulphate, dermatan sulphate, and chondroitin 6-sulphate were localized preferentially in the walls of the lacunocanalicular system, whereas collagenous associated dermatan sulphate proteoglycans were distributed over the remainder of the bone matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02331397
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