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  • 1
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    Novel experimental setup for megahertz X‐ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X‐ray Free‐Electron Laser (EuXFEL) (2021)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The high‐precision X‐ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X‐ray Free‐Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump–probe X‐ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X‐ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X‐ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC.
    Description: The high‐precision X‐ray diffraction (XRD) setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in Interaction Chamber 2 of the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X‐ray Free‐Electron Laser is described. image
    Keywords: 548 ; diamond anvil cells ; X‐ray free‐electron lasers ; high‐precision X‐ray diffraction ; finite element modeling
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of initial phase on ultraviolet/visible absorption in shocked carbon disulfide/hexane mixtures (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 2082-2086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of initial phase on shock-induced spectral changes in carbon disulfide/hexane has been examined by monitoring the edge shift of the V-band. Experiments were carried out to a peak pressure of 10 GPa for three different concentrations of carbon disulfide. Shifts of the absorption band in solid mixtures differ markedly from those in liquid mixtures at high pressures. The rate of edge shift with pressure in solid mixtures becomes independent of the carbon disulfide concentration and approaches the rate of shift in pure carbon disulfide. Similar results are not obtained for liquid mixtures. Temperature results cannot explain the observed differences. The experimental data suggest the occurrence of phase separation in the solid mixtures and two possible mechanisms for phase separation are indicated. The present results show the importance of the initial phase in understanding the spectral differences observed for these mixtures under shock and static loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459086
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angle settings for rotation around the diffraction vector for four-circle diffractometers (1976)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 918-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Simple graphical representations have been found which have led to the discovery of new geometrical relations between the angle settings, χ0, ω, χ and φ-φ0, of a four-circle single-crystal diffractometer, and the azimuthal angle, ψ, of the diffraction vector. The new geometric relations greatly simplify the derivation of the trigonometric equations which relate the angle settings with the rotation around the diffraction vector. One of these equations, tan χ = tan χ0/cos (φ - φ0), is given here for the first time. The others are similar in form to those derived previously with matrix methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001848
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase extension and refinement of Bence–Jones protein Rhe (1.9 Å) (1979)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 35 (1979), S. 810-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A procedure is described whereby crude atomic coordinates obtained from a medium-resolution electron density map (3̃-4 Å) with the aid of Watson-Kendrew models may be refined to native data of near-atomic resolution using only a limited subset of the data and non-interactive computer graphics. This refinement procedure for the Bence-Jones protein Rhe included phase extension from 3.0 to 1.9 Å and led to an improved crystallographic sequence for the protein. The structure was refined, by a stereochemically restrained least-squares technique in reciprocal space, to a residual value RF = 0.284 for a model consisting of 795 non-hydrogen protein atoms with an overall thermal factor using data with d ranging from 5.0 to 1.9 Å. Relative weights for the structure factor and stereochemical-restraint observations were determined empirically and the optimum weights were found to be those which yield values of W|Fo - Fc|2 which are typically 4 to 6 times the value of W|do - dI|2, where do and dI are the current and ideal values for the stereochemically restrained parameters. It was found that reasonable refinement may be obtained with only 32% of the observed data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739479001832
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved Raman spectrum of shock-compressed diamond (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method has been developed for time-resolved Raman measurements under shock loading to examine the first-order Raman line of diamond (ω0=1333 cm−1). The diamond samples were subjected to uniaxial strain along the [110] direction to a longitudinal stress of 121 kbar. The observed spectral changes are consistent with frequency shifts calculated according to a phenomenological model used to describe stress effects on the zone center phonons of cubic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101740
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shock-induced changes and vibronic analysis of the 1Ag-1La absorption band of anthracene (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 96 (1992), S. 7555-7560 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100198a014
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved absorption changes of thin carbon disulfide samples under shock compression: electronic and chemical implications (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 2857-2865 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100370a025
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of oxide quality by rapid thermal annealing in N2 (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 3966-3969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rapid thermal processing with a controlled cooling ramp as a postoxidation annealing in nitrogen is of considerable influence on the quality of thin (6 nm) thermal oxides. We studied how the annealing condition affected the electrical characteristics of the dielectrics, the charge-trapping properties, the gate voltage shift ΔVG, the flat band voltage shift ΔVFB, the increase of midgap interface state density ΔDitm under high field stress, the charge to breakdown, and the breakdown field. We found that controlled cooling after oxidation improved the interface between silicon and silicon dioxide. The postoxidation annealing in nitrogen reduced the fixed charge in oxides. The above measurements were correlated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic shock sensitivity and detonation temperature of pentaerythritol tetranitrate single crystal (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Shock temperatures of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) single crystals have been measured by using a nanosecond time-resolved spectropyrometric system operated at six discrete wavelengths between 350 and 700 nm. The results show that the shock sensitivity of PETN is strongly dependent on the crystal orientation: Sensitive along the shock propagation normal to the (110) plane, but highly insensitive normal to the (100) plane. The detonation temperature of PETN is, however, independent from the crystal orientation and is determined to be 4140 (±70) K. The time-resolved data yielding the detonation velocity 8.28 (±0.10) mm/μs can be interpreted in the context of a modified thermal explosion model. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373626
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diamondlike metastable carbon phases from shock-compressed C60 films (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 273-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of C60, 2.5-μm, have been shocked isentropically to 69 GPa, about 2200 K, and thermally quenched at rates up to 1011 K/s. The recovered specimen is transparent with a crystallographic habit, or "tilelike'' structure, but it slowly transforms to a black highly disordered carbon at the ambient condition. The selected area electron diffraction patterns suggest that the transparent carbon phase contains an amorphous cubic diamond and n-diamond crystallites sized 50–350 A(ring) in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107967
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