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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-12-19
    Description: We clarified the theoretical relationship between the back-projection (BP) imaging and classical linear inverse solutions via the hybrid back-projection (HBP) imaging. In the HBP imaging, which is mathematically similar to the time-reversal source imaging, cross correlations of observed waveforms with the corresponding Green's functions are calculated. The key condition for BP to work well is that the Green's function is sufficiently close to the delta function. Then, the BP image represents the slip motion on a fault, and approximately equals to the least-squares solution (LSS). In HBP, instead of the Green's function in BP, the stacked autocorrelation function of the Green's function must be close to the delta function to obtain a fine image. Because the autocorrelation function is usually closer to the delta function than the original function, we can expect that HBP works better than BP, if we can reasonably estimate the Green's function. With additional condition that the stacked cross-correlation function of the Green's functions for different source locations is small enough, the HBP image is also approximately equal to the LSS. If these assumptions are not satisfied, however, the HBP image corresponds to a damped LSS with an extremely large damping parameter, which is clearly inferior to usual inverse solutions. On the other hand, the advantages of the BP method are much less computation and no necessity of Green's functions.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-02-13
    Description: Geodetic imaging data and seismic waveform data have complementary strengths when considering the modelling of earthquakes. The former, particularly modern space geodetic techniques such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), permit high spatial density of observation and thus fine resolution of the spatial pattern of fault slip; the latter provide precise and accurate timing information, and thus the ability to resolve how that fault slip varies over time. In order to harness these complementary strengths, we propose a method through which the two data types can be combined in a joint inverse model for the evolution of slip on a specified fault geometry. We present here a derivation of Akaike's Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC) for the joint inversion of multiple data sets that explicitly deals with the problem of objectively estimating the relative weighting between data sets, as well as the optimal influence of model smoothness constraints in space and time. We demonstrate our ABIC inversion scheme by inverting InSAR displacements and teleseismic waveform data for the 1997 Manyi, Tibet, earthquake. We test, using a simplified fault geometry, three cases—InSAR data inverted alone, vertical component teleseismic broad-band waveform data inverted alone and a joint inversion of both data sets. The InSAR-only model and seismic-only model differ significantly in the distribution of slip on the fault plane that they predict. The joint-inversion model, however, has not only a similar distribution of slip and fit to the InSAR data in the InSAR-only model, suggesting that those data provide the stronger control on the pattern of slip, but is also able to fit the seismic data at a minimal degradation of fit when compared with the seismic-only model. The rupture history of the preferred, joint-inversion model, indicates bilateral rupture for the first 20 s of the earthquake, followed by a further 25 s of westward unilateral rupture afterwards, with slip peaking at 7 m in the upper 6 km of the fault. This joint-inversion approach is thus shown to be a viable method for the study of large shallow continental earthquakes, and may be of particular benefit in cases where near-field seismic observations are not available.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 3
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment, University of Iceland, vol. 27, no. 13, pp. 1969-1972, pp. 1388, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Izmit ; Inversion ; Nearfield ; Seismology ; Teleseismic events ; Seismology ; 7200 ; Seismology ; 7209 ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameters ; GRL
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-06-25
    Description: Cycas revoluta leaf lectin (CRLL) of mannose-recognizing jacalin-related lectin (mJRL) has two tandem repeated carbohydrate recognition domains, and shows the characteristic sugar-binding specificity toward high mannose-glycans, compared with other mJRLs. We expressed the N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain (CRLL-N and CRLL-C) separately, to determine the fine sugar-binding specificity of each domain, using frontal affinity chromatography, glycan array and equilibrium dialysis. The specificity of CRLL toward high mannose was basically derived from CRLL-N, whereas CRLL-C had affinity for α1-6 extended mono-antennary complex-type glycans. Notably, the affinity of CRLL-N was most potent to one of three Man 8 glycans and Man 9 glycan, whereas the affinity of CRLL-C decreased with the increase in the number of extended α1-2 linked mannose residue. The recognition of the Man 8 glycans by CRLL-N has not been found for other mannose recognizing lectins. Glycan array reflected these specificities of the two domains. Furthermore, it was revealed by equilibrium dialysis method that the each domain had two sugar-binding sites, similar with Banlec, banana mannose-binding Jacalin-related lectin.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-09-05
    Description: Amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates are two types of aberrant aggregates associated with protein misfolding diseases. Although they differ in morphology, the two forms are often treated indiscriminately. β2-microglobulin (β2m), a protein responsible for dialysis-related amyloidosis, forms amyloid fibrils or amorphous aggregates depending on the NaCl concentration at pH 2.5. We...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Over the past decade, the cause of sociality has been much debated. Inclusive fitness [〈b〉br〈/b〉 in Hamilton’s rule (〈b〉br〈/b〉 – 〈b〉c〈/b〉 〉 0)] has been criticized but is still useful in the organization of a framework by elucidating mechanisms through which 〈b〉br〈/b〉 (benefit x relatedness) becomes larger than 〈b〉c〈/b〉 (cost). The bee 〈i〉Lasioglossum baleicum〈/i〉 is suitable for investigation of this issue because of the sympatric occurrence of both social and solitary nesting in its populations. We show that a large part (approximately 92%) of the inclusive fitness of a eusocial worker can be attributed to the benefits of grouping. A 1.5-fold relatedness asymmetry benefit in singly mated haplo-diploids explains a small part (approximately 8.5%) of the observed inclusive fitness. Sociality enables this species to conduct foraging and nest defense simultaneously, which is not the case in solitary nests. Our results indicate that this benefit of grouping is the main source of the increased inclusive fitness of eusocial workers.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-12-01
    Description: A seismic source model for the M W 8.1 2017 Chiapas, Mexico, earthquake was constructed by kinematic waveform inversion using globally observed teleseismic waveforms, suggesting that the earthquake was a normal-faulting event on a steeply dipping plane, with the major slip concentrated around a relatively shallow depth of 28 km. The modeled rupture evolution showed unilateral, down-dip propagation northwestward from the hypocenter, and the down-dip width of the main rupture was restricted to less than 30 km below the slab interface, suggesting that the down-dip extensional stresses due to the slab bending were the primary cause of the earthquake. The rupture front abruptly decelerated at the northwestern end of the main rupture where it intersected the subducting Tehuantepec Fracture Zone, suggesting that the fracture zone may have inhibited further rupture propagation.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-06-26
    Description: We demonstrate a drastic improvement in the efficiency of rare-element-free graphene nanomesh (GNM) magnets with saturation magnetization values as large as ∼10 −4  emu/mm 2 , which are 10–100 times greater than those in previous GNM magnets hydrogenated by only annealing under a hydrogen molecule (H 2 ) atmosphere, even at room temperature. This improvement is realized by a significant increase in the area of the mono-H-terminated pore edges by using hydrogen silsesquioxane resist treatment with electron beam irradiation, which can produce mono-H by detaching H-silicon (Si) bonds. This result must open the door for industrial applications of graphene magnets to rare-element-free magnetic and spintronic systems.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-10-04
    Description: Over the past decade, the cause of sociality has been much debated. Inclusive fitness [ br in Hamilton’s rule ( br – c 〉 0)] has been criticized but is still useful in the organization of a framework by elucidating mechanisms through which br (benefit x relatedness) becomes larger than c (cost). The bee Lasioglossum baleicum is suitable for investigation of this issue because of the sympatric occurrence of both social and solitary nesting in its populations. We show that a large part (approximately 92%) of the inclusive fitness of a eusocial worker can be attributed to the benefits of grouping. A 1.5-fold relatedness asymmetry benefit in singly mated haplo-diploids explains a small part (approximately 8.5%) of the observed inclusive fitness. Sociality enables this species to conduct foraging and nest defense simultaneously, which is not the case in solitary nests. Our results indicate that this benefit of grouping is the main source of the increased inclusive fitness of eusocial workers.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 9 (1993), S. 1162-1163 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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