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  • 1
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    Identifying the key taxonomic categories that characterize microbial community diversity using full-scale classification: a case study of microbial communities in the sediments of Hangzhou Bay (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-06
    Description: Coastal areas are land–sea transitional zones with complex natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Microorganisms in coastal sediments adapt to such disturbances both individually and as a community. The microbial community structure changes spatially and temporally under environmental stress. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structure in the sediments of Hangzhou Bay, a seriously polluted bay in China. In order to identify the roles and contribution of all microbial taxa, we set thresholds as 0.1% for rare taxa and 1% for abundant taxa, and classified all operational taxonomic units into six exclusive categories based on their abundance. The results showed that the key taxa in differentiating the communities are abundant taxa (AT), conditionally abundant taxa (CAT), and conditionally rare or abundant taxa (CRAT). A large population in conditionally rare taxa (CRT) made this category collectively significant in differentiating the communities. Both bacteria and archaea demonstrated a distance decay pattern of community similarity in the bay, and this pattern was strengthened by rare taxa, CRT and CRAT, but weakened by AT and CAT. This implied that the low abundance taxa were more deterministically distributed, while the high abundance taxa were more ubiquitously distributed.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Molecular dissection of blaKPC-2-bearing plasmids evolving in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated at one teaching hospital in Shanghai, China (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-02
    Description: The presence of carbapenemase gene bla KPC-2 in a wide variety of plasmids, especially conjugative plasmids, is key to the rapid, worldwide spread of carbapenemase enzymes. Thirty-eight, non-duplicated, carbapenem-resistant, clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected, all carrying bla KPC-2 -bearing plasmids. Relaxase analysis was used to classify these plasmids; 8 and 30 plasmids belonged to the MOB P3 and MOB F12 subfamilies, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two genetic subclades in the MOB F12 subfamily and suggested that these subclades might not have originated from the same ancestor. Crossing PCR, used to sequence fully the type IV secretion system (T4SS, essential structures for conjugative plasmids) of the MOB F12 plasmids, found that T4SSs were distinctively different in certain functional genes, e.g. traS and traG. In conclusion, this study delineated the evolution of bla KPC-2 -bearing plasmids at Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China. The plasmids bearing bla KPC-2 were diverse and the MOB F12 plasmids were dominant in clinical K. pneumoniae isolates.
    Keywords: Pathogens & Pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0378-1097
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6968
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    A new electrical formation factor model for bimodal carbonates: numerical studies using dual-pore percolation network (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-12
    Description: In this paper, we modelled the electrical transport behaviour of bimodal carbonate rocks from a reservoir in China using dual-pore networks. One basic assumption, generally supported by experimental data and microstructure observations in the reservoir samples, was that the low porosity, monomodal rocks had the same properties and structure as the microporous matrix of the high porosity, bimodal samples. We assumed that the matrix was homogeneous and always interconnected but that the connectivity and the pore size distribution of macropore system was randomly variable. Both pore systems were supposed to act locally as ‘in parallel’ electrical conductors, an approach previously used by Bauer et al. Hence, the effect of matrix properties, macropore size distribution and connectivity on electrical properties of bimodal rocks could be modelled and investigated. We simulated electrical current through 3-D, simple cubic and body-centred cubic networks with different coordination numbers, different pipe radius distributions of macropore system and different matrix properties. The main result was that the formation factor of dual-pore network obeyed a ‘universal’ scaling relationship (i.e. independent of lattice type). Based on this result, we extended the power-law model derived by Bernabé et al. for monomodal porous media. We developed methods for evaluating the scale-invariant pore structure parameters in the model using conventional core analysis and satisfactorily tested the proposed model against experimental data from the Chinese reservoir as well as some other previously published data sets.
    Keywords: Marine Geosciences and Applied Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 4
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    Oldest Paleo-Tethyan ophiolitic melange in the Tibetan Plateau (2016)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: An early Paleozoic ophiolitic mélange has recently been documented in the west Gangma Co area, north-central Tibetan Plateau. It is composed of serpentinite, isotropic and cumulate gabbros, basalt, and plagiogranite. Whole-rock geochemical data suggest that these rocks were formed in an oceanic-ridge setting, and the depletion in Nb and Ti indicates their suprasubduction zone nature. Furthermore, whole-rock Nd ( t ) (+3.5 to +10.6) and zircon Hf ( t ) values (+11.4 to +14.5) suggest that these rocks were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. These geochemical features, combined with the rock types and their field relationships, suggest the rocks represent an ophiolite suite. Zircon U-Pb dating of isotropic gabbros and plagiogranites yielded weighted mean ages ranging from 437 to 501 Ma, which makes the west Gangma Co ophiolitic mélange the oldest Paleo-Tethys ophiolitic mélange in the Tibetan Plateau. The main Paleo–Tethys Ocean basin probably opened in the Middle Cambrian; it continued to grow throughout the Paleozoic and closed in the later Triassic. The Paleo–Tethys Ocean was formed by the breakup of the northern margin of Gondwana, with southward subduction of the proto-Tethys oceanic lithosphere along the northern margin of the supercontinent.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 5
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    Endometrial cancer-associated mutants of SPOP are defective in regulating estrogen receptor-α protein turnover (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-13
    Description: Endometrial cancer-associated mutants of SPOP are defective in regulating estrogen receptor-α protein turnover Cell Death and Disease 6, e1687 (March 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2015.47 Authors: P Zhang, K Gao, X Jin, J Ma, J Peng, R Wumaier, Y Tang, Y Zhang, J An, Q Yan, Y Dong, H Huang, L Yu & C Wang
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Holocene peatland initiation, lateral expansion, and carbon dynamics in the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau (2014)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-22
    Description: The Zoige Basin on the eastern Tibetan Plateau has the largest area of highland peatlands in China. However, the development history of these peatlands is still poorly understood. Understanding how these carbon-rich ecosystems responded to change in the Asian summer monsoons during the Holocene will provide insight into the peatland carbon accumulation processes under different climate boundary conditions. Here, we document the timing of initiation and expansion histories of these peatlands using 59 new basal peat ages across the Zoige Basin, with 29 ages for initiation analysis and 30 additional ages for lateral expansion analysis. Also, we synthesized basal ages from 26 sites and carbon accumulation records at four sites from previous studies in this region. The results show that the peatland initiation is widespread at 11.5–10 and 7–6 kyr (1 kyr = 1000 cal. yr BP) and the minimum initiation periods occurred after 5 kyr. Our multiple basal ages along eight transects show that slopes are a dominant control on peatland lateral expansion rates, with very slow and less variable rates at slopes 〉0.4°. Furthermore, we found a significant relationship between peatland basal ages and peat depths from 85 sites, suggesting relatively uniform peat properties. Carbon accumulation rates from detailed downcore analysis at four sites and on the basis of peat depth–basal age relationship show similar patterns with a peak carbon accumulation at 10–8 kyr. On the basis of estimated mean values of bulk density and carbon content from the region, the Holocene average C accumulation for the Zoige Basin is 31.1 g C/m 2 /yr. The widespread peatland initiation and rapid accumulation in the early Holocene were likely in response to higher temperature and stronger summer monsoon intensity, while the slowdown of peatland development during the late Holocene might have been caused by climate cooling and drying.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 7
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    Commensurate antiferromagnetic excitations as a signature of the pseudogap in the tetragonal high-Tc cuprate HgBa2CuO4+δ (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-06
    Description: Article In the cuprates, antiferromagnetic correlations might be the cause of the pseudogap phenomenon. Here the authors use neutron scattering on the tetragonal cuprate HgBa 2 CuO 4+δ revealing commensurate antiferromagnetic excitations as a signature of the pseudogap state. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms10819 Authors: M. K. Chan, C. J. Dorow, L. Mangin-Thro, Y. Tang, Y. Ge, M. J. Veit, G. Yu, X. Zhao, A. D. Christianson, J. T. Park, Y. Sidis, P. Steffens, D. L. Abernathy, P. Bourges, M. Greven
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Rapid detection of cocaine using aptamer-based biosensor on an evanescent wave fibre platform (2018)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-18
    Description: The rapid detection of cocaine has received considerable attention because of the instantaneous and adverse effects of cocaine overdose on human health. Aptamer-based biosensors for cocaine detection have been well established for research and application. However, reducing the analytic duration without deteriorating the sensitivity still remains as a challenge. Here, we proposed an aptamer-based evanescent wave fibre (EWF) biosensor to rapidly detect cocaine in a wide working range. At first, the aptamers were conjugated to complementary DNA with fluorescence tag and such conjugants were then immobilized on magnetic beads. After cocaine was introduced to compete against the aptamer-DNA conjugants, the released DNA in supernatant was detected on the EWF platform. The dynamic curves of EWF signals could be interpreted by the first-order kinetics and saturation model. The semi-log calibration curve covered a working range of 10–5000 µM of cocaine, and the limit of detection was approximately 10.5 µM. The duration of the full procedure was 990 s (16.5 min), and the detection interval was 390 s (6.5 min). The specified detection of cocaine was confirmed from four typical pharmaceutic agents. The analysis was repeated for 50 cycles without significant loss of sensitivity. Therefore, the aptamer-based EWF biosensor is a feasible solution to rapidly detect cocaine.
    Keywords: analytical chemistry, environmental engineering
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 9
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    Identifying the key taxonomic categories that characterize microbial community diversity using full-scale classification: a case study of microbial communities in the sediments of Hangzhou Bay (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-30
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Metal-free three-dimensional perovskite ferroelectrics (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-13
    Description: Inorganic perovskite ferroelectrics are widely used in nonvolatile memory elements, capacitors, and sensors because of their excellent ferroelectric and other properties. Organic ferroelectrics are desirable for their mechanical flexibility, low weight, environmentally friendly processing, and low processing temperatures. Although almost a century has passed since the first ferroelectric, Rochelle salt, was discovered, examples of highly desirable organic perovskite ferroelectrics are lacking. We found a family of metal-free organic perovskite ferroelectrics with the characteristic three-dimensional structure, among which MDABCO ( N -methyl- N' -diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium)–ammonium triiodide has a spontaneous polarization of 22 microcoulombs per square centimeter [close to that of barium titanate (BTO)], a high phase transition temperature of 448 kelvins (above that of BTO), and eight possible polarization directions. These attributes make it attractive for use in flexible devices, soft robotics, biomedical devices, and other applications.
    Keywords: Chemistry, Materials Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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