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  • 1
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    Histone demethylase KDM6A directly senses oxygen to control chromatin and cell fate (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Oxygen sensing is central to metazoan biology and has implications for human disease. Mammalian cells express multiple oxygen-dependent enzymes called 2-oxoglutarate (OG)-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs), but they vary in their oxygen affinities and hence their ability to sense oxygen. The 2-OGDD histone demethylases control histone methylation. Hypoxia increases histone methylation, but whether this reflects direct effects on histone demethylases or indirect effects caused by the hypoxic induction of the HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) transcription factor or the 2-OG antagonist 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is unclear. Here, we report that hypoxia promotes histone methylation in a HIF- and 2-HG–independent manner. We found that the H3K27 histone demethylase KDM6A/UTX, but not its paralog KDM6B, is oxygen sensitive. KDM6A loss, like hypoxia, prevented H3K27 demethylation and blocked cellular differentiation. Restoring H3K27 methylation homeostasis in hypoxic cells reversed these effects. Thus, oxygen directly affects chromatin regulators to control cell fate.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Magnetic properties and magnon excitations in Fe(001) films grown on Ir(001) (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: Author(s): T.-H. Chuang, Kh. Zakeri, A. Ernst, Y. Zhang, H. J. Qin, Y. Meng, Y.-J. Chen, and J. Kirschner We present a comprehensive study of magnetic properties and high wave-vector magnon excitations in epitaxial Fe(001) films grown on Ir(001) substrate. The magnetic properties are investigated by magneto-optical Kerr effect for various thicknesses of Fe film from 4 up to 27 monolayers. The magnon dis... [Phys. Rev. B 89, 174404] Published Fri May 02, 2014
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    First-Order Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Cerium (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-22
    Description: Author(s): A. Cadien, Q. Y. Hu, Y. Meng, Y. Q. Cheng, M. W. Chen, J. F. Shu, H. K. Mao, and H. W. Sheng We report the first experimental observation of a liquid-liquid phase transition in the monatomic liquid metal cerium, by means of in situ high-pressure high-temperature x-ray diffraction experiments. At 13 GPa, upon increasing temperature from 1550 to 1900 K high-density liquid transforms to a low-... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 125503] Published Thu Mar 21, 2013
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    High-pressure phase transitions of Fe3-xTixO4 solid solution up to 60 GPa correlated with electronic spin transition (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: The structural phase transition of the titanomagnetite (Fe 3–x Ti x O 4 ) solid solution under pressures up to 60 GPa has been clarified by single-crystal and powder diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation and a diamond-anvil cell. Present Rietveld structure refinements of the solid solution prove that the prefered cation distribution is based on the crystal field preference rather than the magnetic spin ordering in the solid solution. The Ti-rich phases in 0.734 ≤ x ≤1.0 undergo a phase transformation from the cubic spinel of Fd m to the tetragonal spinel structure of I 4 1 / amd with c / a 〈 1.0. The transition is driven by a Jahn-Teller effect of IV Fe 2+ (3 d 6 ) on the tetrahedral site. The c / a 〈 1 ratio is induced by lifting of the degeneracy of the e orbitals by raising the d x 2 -y 2 orbital below the energy of the d z 2 orbital. The distortion characterized by c / a 〈 1 is more pronounced with increasing Ti content in the Fe 3–x Ti x O 4 solid solutions and with increasing pressure. An X-ray emission experiment of Fe 2 TiO 4 at high pressures confirms the spin transition of Fe K β from high spin to intermediate spin (IS) state. The high spin (HS)-to-low spin (LS) transition starts at 14 GPa and the IS state gradually increases with compression. The VI Fe 2+ in the octahedral site is more prone for the HS-to-LS transition, compared with Fe 2+ in the fourfold- or eightfold-coordinated site. The transition to the orthorhombic post-spinel structure with space group Cmcm has been confirmed in the whole compositional range of Fe 3–x Ti x O 4 . The transition pressure decreases from 25 GPa (x = 0.0) to 15 GPa (x = 1.0) with increasing Ti content. There are two cation sites in the orthorhombic phase: M1 and M2 sites of eightfold and sixfold coordination, respectively. Fe 2+ and Ti 4+ are disordered on the M2 site. This structural change is accelerated at higher pressures due to the spin transition of Fe 2+ in the octahedral site. This is because the ionic radius of VI Fe 2+ becomes 20% shortened by the spin transition. At 53 GPa, the structure transforms to another high-pressure polymorph with Pmma symmetry with the ordered structure of Ti and Fe atoms in the octahedral site. This structure change results from the order-disorder transition.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 5
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    Identification of active transcription factor and miRNA regulatory pathways in Alzheimer's disease (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-04
    Description: Motivation: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that may be caused by perturbation of regulatory pathways rather than the dysfunction of a single gene. However, the pathology of AD has yet to be fully elucidated. Results: In this study, we systematically analyzed AD-related mRNA and miRNA expression profiles as well as curated transcription factor (TF) and miRNA regulation to identify active TF and miRNA regulatory pathways in AD. By mapping differentially expressed genes and miRNAs to the curated TF and miRNA regulatory network as active seed nodes, we obtained a potential active subnetwork in AD. Next, by using the breadth-first-search technique, potential active regulatory pathways, which are the regulatory cascade of TFs, miRNAs and their target genes, were identified. Finally, based on the known AD-related genes and miRNAs, the hypergeometric test was used to identify active pathways in AD. As a result, nine pathways were found to be significantly activated in AD. A comprehensive literature review revealed that eight out of nine genes and miRNAs in these active pathways were associated with AD. In addition, we inferred that the pathway hsa-miR-146a-〉STAT1-〉MYC, which is the source of all nine significantly active pathways, may play an important role in AD progression, which should be further validated by biological experiments. Thus, this study provides an effective approach to finding active TF and miRNA regulatory pathways in AD and can be easily applied to other complex diseases. Contact: lixia@hrbmu.edu.cn or lw2247@gmail.com . Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    PPM1A silences cytosolic RNA sensing and antiviral defense through direct dephosphorylation of MAVS and TBK1 (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-03
    Description: Cytosolic RNA sensing is a prerequisite for initiation of innate immune response against RNA viral pathogens. Signaling through RIG-I (retinoic acid–inducible gene I)–like receptors (RLRs) to TBK1 (Tank-binding kinase 1)/IKK (IB kinase ) kinases is transduced by mitochondria-associated MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein). However, the precise mechanism of how MAVS-mediated TBK1/IKK activation is strictly controlled still remains obscure. We reported that protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A; also known as PP2Cα), depending on its catalytic ability, dampened the RLR-IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) axis to silence cytosolic RNA sensing signaling. We demonstrated that PPM1A was an inherent partner of the TBK1/IKK complex, targeted both MAVS and TBK1/IKK for dephosphorylation, and thus disrupted MAVS-driven formation of signaling complex. Conversely, a high level of MAVS can dissociate the TBK1/PPM1A complex to override PPM1A-mediated inhibition. Loss of PPM1A through gene ablation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and mouse primary macrophages enabled robustly enhanced antiviral responses. Consequently, Ppm1a –/– mice resisted to RNA virus attack, and transgenic zebrafish expressing PPM1A displayed profoundly increased RNA virus vulnerability. These findings identify PPM1A as the first known phosphatase of MAVS and elucidate the physiological function of PPM1A in antiviral immunity on whole animals.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Anisotropic softening of magnetic excitations in lightly electron-doped Sr_{2} IrO_{4} (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-11
    Description: Author(s): X. Liu, M. P. M. Dean, Z. Y. Meng, M. H. Upton, T. Qi, T. Gog, Y. Cao, J. Q. Lin, D. Meyers, H. Ding, G. Cao, and J. P. Hill The magnetic excitations in electron-doped ( Sr 1 − x La x ) 2 IrO 4 with x = 0.03 were measured using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the Ir L 3 edge. Although much broadened, well defined dispersive magnetic excitations were observed. Comparing with the magnetic dispersion from the undoped compound, the… [Phys. Rev. B 93, 241102(R)] Published Fri Jun 10, 2016
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    Androgen receptor splice variants in PCOS [Medical Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-15
    Description: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders and a leading cause of female subfertility. The mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of PCOS remains to be illustrated. Here, we identify two alternative splice variants (ASVs) of the androgen receptor (AR), insertion and deletion isoforms, in granulosa...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    LncRNA-HOST2 regulates cell biological behaviors in epithelial ovarian cancer through a mechanism involving microRNA let-7b (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: Recently, a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported in mammalian genomes and are evolutionarily conserved and presumably function in many biological events, especially in the pathogenesis of diverse human cancers. A lncRNA, named HOST2 (human ovarian cancer-specific transcript 2), was once reported to specifically be expressed at high level in human ovarian cancer. However, how HOST2 acts to regulate gene functions in ovarian carcinogenesis has remained enigmatic. Here we report, for the first time, that HOST2 promotes tumor cell migration, invasion and proliferation in epithelial ovarian cancer by working in key aspects of biological behaviors. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis indicated that HOST2 binds with microRNA let-7b, a potent tumor suppressor, which was then verified to target HOST2. Our results showed that HOST2 harbors a let-7b binding site and modulates let-7b availability by acting as a molecular sponge. HOST2 inhibits let-7b functions, which post-transcriptionally suppress the expression of targets, including some oncogenes that regulate cell growth and motility. Additionally, understanding HOST2/let-7b-dependent regulation may lead to alternative approaches for the diagnosis and cure of this deadly disease.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of meta-Xylene from 273 to 673 K and up to 200 MPa (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: A new correlation for the viscosity of meta -xylene is presented. The correlation is based upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory. It is applicable in the temperature range from 273 to 673 K at pressures up to 200 MPa. The overall uncertainty of the proposed correlation, estimated as the combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of 2, varies from 1% for the viscosity at atmospheric pressure to 5% for the highest temperatures and pressures of interest. Tables of the viscosity, generated by the relevant equations, at selected temperatures and pressures, and along the saturation line, are provided.
    Print ISSN: 0047-2689
    Electronic ISSN: 1529-7845
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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