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  • 1
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    Chop deficiency prevents UUO-induced renal fibrosis by attenuating fibrotic signals originated from Hmgb1/TLR4/NFκB/IL-1β signaling (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Chop deficiency prevents UUO-induced renal fibrosis by attenuating fibrotic signals originated from Hmgb1/TLR4/NFκB/IL-1β signaling Cell Death and Disease 6, e1847 (August 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2015.206 Authors: M Zhang, Y Guo, H Fu, S Hu, J Pan, Y Wang, J Cheng, J Song, Q Yu, S Zhang, J-F Xu, G Pei, X Xiang, P Yang & C-Y Wang
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    On an attraction-repulsion chemotaxis system with a logistic source (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-10
    Description: This paper is devoted to the attraction–repulsion chemotaxis system with a logistic source: \[ \begin{cases} u_t=\Delta u-\chi\nabla\cdot(u\nabla v)+\mu\nabla\cdot(u\nabla w)+\mathcal{R}(u),\quad x\in\Omega,\ t 〉 0,\\ \varrho v_t=\Delta v-\alpha_1 v+\beta_1 u,\quad x\in\Omega,\ t 〉 0,\\ \varrho w_t=\Delta w-\alpha_2 w+\beta_2 u,\quad x\in\Omega,\ t 〉 0, \end{cases} \] where $\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N(N\geqslant 1)$ is a bounded domain with smooth boundary and $\mathcal {R}(s)\leqslant a-bs^\tau $ . For the case $\varrho =0$ , we show that when the repulsion prevails over the attraction in the sense that $\mu \beta _2-\chi \beta _1 〉 0$ , there exist global bounded classical solutions for any logistic damping $\tau \geqslant 1$ . When the attraction dominates the repulsion in the sense that $\mu \beta _2-\chi \beta _1 〈 0$ , the classical solutions are still global and bounded provided that the logistic damping is strong. For the case $\varrho 〉 0$ , we will investigate the similar problem for $N=1$ and $N=2$ . We will also study the regularity of stationary solutions.
    Print ISSN: 0272-4960
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3634
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Label-free surface-sensitive photonic microscopy with high spatial resolution using azimuthal rotation illumination (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) with single-direction illumination is a powerful platform for biomedical imaging because of its wide-field, label-free, and high-surface-sensitivity imaging capabilities. However, two disadvantages prevent wider use of SPRM. The first is its poor spatial resolution that can be as large as several micrometers. The second is that SPRM requires use of metal films as sample substrates; this introduces working wavelength limitations. In addition, cell culture growth on metal films is not as universally available as growth on dielectric substrates. Here we show that use of azimuthal rotation illumination allows SPRM spatial resolution to be enhanced by up to an order of magnitude. The metal film can also be replaced by a dielectric multilayer and then a different label-free surface-sensitive photonic microscopy is developed, which has more choices in terms of the working wavelength, polarization, and imaging section, and will bring opportunities for applications in biology.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Population Genomics Reveals Low Genetic Diversity and Adaptation to Hypoxia in Snub-Nosed Monkeys (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-17
    Description: Snub-nosed monkeys (genus Rhinopithecus ) are a group of endangered colobines endemic to South Asia. Here, we re-sequenced the whole genomes of 38 snub-nosed monkeys representing four species within this genus. By conducting population genomic analyses, we observed a similar load of deleterious variation in snub-nosed monkeys living in both smaller and larger populations and found that genomic diversity was lower than that reported in other primates. Reconstruction of Rhinopithecus evolutionary history suggested that episodes of climatic variation over the past 2 million years, associated with glacial advances and retreats and population isolation, have shaped snub-nosed monkey demography and evolution. We further identified several hypoxia-related genes under selection in R. bieti (black snub-nosed monkey), a species that exploits habitats higher than any other nonhuman primate. These results provide the first detailed and comprehensive genomic insights into genetic diversity, demography, genetic burden, and adaptation in this radiation of endangered primates.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Fungal carnivorism [Evolution] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-04
    Description: Carnivorism is one of the basic life strategies of fungi. Carnivorous fungi possess the ability to trap and digest their preys by sophisticated trapping devices. However, the origin and development of fungal carnivorism remains a gap in evolution biology. In this study, five protein-encoding genes were used to construct the phylogeny of the carnivorous fungi in the phylum Ascomycota; these fungi prey on nematodes by means of specialized trapping structures such as constricting rings and adhesive traps. Our analysis revealed a definitive pattern of evolutionary development for these trapping structures. Molecular clock calibration based on two fossil records revealed that fungal carnivorism diverged from saprophytism about 419 Mya, which was after the origin of nematodes about 550–600 Mya. Active carnivorism (fungi with constricting rings) and passive carnivorism (fungi with adhesive traps) diverged from each other around 246 Mya, shortly after the occurrence of the Permian–Triassic extinction event about 251.4 Mya. The major adhesive traps evolved around 198–208 Mya, which was within the time frame of the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event about 201.4 Mya. However, no major carnivorous ascomycetes divergence was correlated to the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event, which occurred more recently (about 65.5 Mya). Therefore, a causal relationship between mass extinction events and fungal carnivorism evolution is not validated in this study. More evidence including additional fossil records is needed to establish if fungal carnivorism evolution was a response to mass extinction events.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Cross-talk between Gs-coupled receptors [Cell Biology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-25
    Description: Inflammation is a significant player in the progression of heart failure and has detrimental effects on cardiac function. Prostaglandin (PG)E2, a major proinflammatory prostanoid in the cardiovascular system, is a potent stimulus in inducing intracellular cAMP but minimally affects cardiac contractile function. Here, we show that the PGE2 stimulation attenuates the adrenergic-induced cardiac contractile response in animal hearts. Stimulation with PGE2 leads to stimulatory G protein (Gs)-dependent production of cAMP. However, the induced cAMP is spatially restricted because of its degradation by phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 and cannot access the intracellular sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) for increasing calcium signaling and myocyte contraction. Moreover, pretreatment with PGE2 significantly inhibits PKA activities at the SR induced by a β-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, and subsequently blocks isoproterenol-induced PKA phosphorylation of phospholamban and contractile responses in myocytes. Further analysis reveals that the PGE2-induced cAMP/PKA is sufficient to phosphorylate and activate PDE4D isoforms, which, in turn, spatially inhibits the diffusion of adrenergic-induced cAMP from the plasma membrane to the SR. Inhibition of PDE4 rescues the adrenergic-induced increase in cAMP/PKA activities at the SR, PKA phosphorylation of phospholamban, and contractile responses in PGE2-pretreated myocytes. Thus, this offers an example that one Gs-coupled receptor is able to inhibit the intracellular signaling transduction initiated by another Gs-coupled receptor via controlling the diffusion of cAMP, presenting a paradigm for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signal transduction. It also provides a mechanism for the integration of signaling initiated by different neurohormonal stimuli, as well as long-term effects of chronically circulating proinflammatory factors in myocardium.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Three-dimensional structure and function of the Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus capsid [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-07
    Description: A cryoelectron microscopy 8.5 Å resolution map of the 1,900 Å diameter, icosahedral, internally enveloped Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus was used to interpret structures of the virus at initial stages of cell infection. A fivefold averaged map demonstrated that two minor capsid proteins involved in stabilizing the capsid are missing in the vicinity of the unique vertex. Reconstruction of the virus in the presence of host chlorella cell walls established that the spike at the unique vertex initiates binding to the cell wall, which results in the enveloped nucleocapsid moving closer to the cell. This process is concurrent with the release of the internal viral membrane that was linked to the capsid by many copies of a viral membrane protein in the mature infectous virus. Simultaneously, part of the trisymmetrons around the unique vertex disassemble, probably in part because two minor capsid proteins are absent, causing Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus and the cellular contents to merge, possibly as a result of enzyme(s) within the spike assembly. This may be one of only a few recordings of successive stages of a virus while infecting a eukaryotic host in pseudoatomic detail in three dimensions.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Determining stem biomass of Pinus massoniana L. through variations in basic density (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    In: Forestry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-31
    Description: Basic density is a key variable with which to express wood properties, but little attention has been paid to basic density traits in determining stem biomass. A total of 108 Pinus massoniana L. trees were selected from six sites in Hunan Province, China. Cross-sectional discs were cut for analysis using the stem analysis method. Results showed that the highest average basic density per stem for the six sites was 509.1 kg m –3 and the lowest 448.9 kg m –3 . Basic density was significantly different ( P 〈 0.05) among the sites. A significant effect of tree age on wood density was confirmed. Furthermore, the linear-mixed model was used to predict stem biomass. The allometric equation incorporating basic density at 10% of tree height (Model 4) was compared with the equation using only diameter at breast height and tree height as independent variables. The mean stem biomass predicted by Model 4 (16.5 kg tree –1 ) was not significantly different from the observed value (15.8 kg tree –1 ). The results indicated that incorporating basic density as part of the independent variables could improve model fitness.
    Print ISSN: 0015-752X
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3626
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Erratum: “Diagnostics of fast formation of distributed plasma discharges using X-band microwaves” [J. Appl. Phys. 115, 063301 (2014)] (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-08
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Research on estimating method for the smart electric energy meter’s error based on parameter degradation model (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-16
    Description: The performance of the smart electric energy meter deteriorates during the operation, which will affects the accuracy of energy metering. In order to estimate the smart meter’s error during the operation, a method based on parameter degradation model is proposed. The meter’s degradation parameters and degradation acting parameters are determined, aiming at building parameter degradation model and putting forward error estimation constraint. Big data analysis methods are adopted in the process of solving degradation network. As the data are of multiple categories and data changing rates are variable, pre-processing method of differential normalized data is employed. Additionally, feed-forward neural network is adopted to approximate degradation characteristics, because elementary function is incapable of describing degradation network. Therefore, the smart meter’s error can be estimated according to the error estimation constraint, assuming degradation acting parameters pre-deter...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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