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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Feed Science and Technology 20 (1988), S. 325-326 
    ISSN: 0377-8401
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 32 (1994), S. 235-259 
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 189 (1985), S. 267-270 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Aromatic ring cleavage ; Ligninase white-rot fungi ; Veratryl alcohol
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 69-73 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Trabecular orientation ; Osteoarthritis ; Medial tibial condyle ; Subchondral sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In osteoarthritis of the knee, degenerative changes occur in the articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone, particularly of the medial tibial condyle. Cancellous bone sclerosis that accompanies osteoarthritis is not only the result of an increase in bone volume fraction but also a change in trabecular structure. In a comparison with agematched controls (n=4), osteoarthritis (n=11) demonstrated a significant (P≤0.05) increase in bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness. Overal trabecular orientation in the osteoarthritic group was more vertical or perpendicular to the articular surface than the control group (P≤0.05) especially in the trabeculae of the cancellous bone layer closest to the articular surface. These alterations in trabecular bone structure could have significant consequences for the mechanical properties of osteoarthritic bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 439-446 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Plant parasitic nematodes are a serious threat for crop production worldwide. This review summarizes our understanding of plant nematode interactions and presents new alternatives for nematode control in the field. Breeding for resistance has been a major goal for many important crop species like soybean, potato, tomato and sugar-beet. As a result numerous nematode-resistance genes have been identified, two of which have been cloned recently, Hs1 pro-1 from sugar-beet, giving resistance to the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, and Mi from tomato, giving resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Also artificial resistance genes, coding for nematotoxic proteins or causing rapid death of feeding cells, have been elucidated. In the future, genetic engineering of nematode resistance will become more and more important for plant breeding. Transformation techniques will allow genes to be quickly introduced into susceptible breeding lines and then combined with each other to produce plant varieties with durable resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Meßsystem, bestehend aus einem miniaturisierten Enzymreaktor und einer neuartigen Ammonium-Minielektrode, wurde für Harnstoffbestimmungen in 10-μl-Proben entwickelt. Im Hinblick auf eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit der Meßwerte wurde ein nichtkontinuierliches Verfahren erarbeitet. Die Parameter des Meßverfahrens wurden sorgfältig optimiert. Die Anwendbarkeit des Harnstoff-Analysators wurde an 122 Blutserumproben von Patienten überprüft. Die Ergebnisse der enzymatisch-potentiometrischen Bestimmungsmethode korrelierten ausgezeichnet mit jenen der Diacetylmonoxim-Referenzmethode. Die relative Streuung um die entsprechenden Regressionsgeraden (Steigung 1.0) betrug ±6% für einen Harnstoff-Konzentrationsbereich von 1–45 mM.
    Notes: Summary A system consisting of a miniaturized enzyme reactor and a novel ammonium-selective minielectrode was designed for urea determinations in 10-μl samples. A discontinuous technique was devised in view of a high measurement reproducibility. The parameters of the measuring procedure were carefully optimized. The applicability of the urea analyzer was tested using 122 blood serum samples from patients. The results of the enzymatic/potentiometric method agreed favorably with the reference values determined by the diacetyl monoxime method. The relative residual standard deviation found for such linear correlations (slope 1.0) was ±6% over the 1 to 45 mM urea range.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 81 (1983), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse einer theoretischen Abhandlung über Enzymreaktoren und Enzymelektroden werden zusammengefaßt und die Anwendungsbereiche des Modells diskutiert. Das Leistungsverhalten eines miniaturisierten Urease-Reaktors (in Kombination mit einer ionenselektiven Elektroden-Meßzelle) wurde auf der Grundlage dieser Theorie analysiert. Der frisch hergestellte Reaktor bewirkte in Substratlösungen einen Reaktionsumsatz von ∼100%. Das Altern des Reaktors wurde quantitativ untersucht, indem die Meßwerte mit berechneten Kurven verglichen und die entsprechenden kinetischen Parameter abgeleitet wurden. Als limitierend für die Lebensdauer des Reaktors erwies sich die nach einem exponentiellen Zerfallsgesetz erfolgende Abnahme der Enzymaktivität.
    Notes: Summary The key results of a theoretical model of immobilized-enzyme reactors and enzyme electrodes are summarized, and the applicability of the theory is discussed. The model was used to analyze the performance of a miniaturized urease reactor (coupled to an ionselective electrode cell). For the freshly prepared reactor a substrate-conversion efficiency of ∼100% was established. Aging of the reactor was quantitatively studied by fitting theoretical curves to experimental response data and evaluation of the kinetic parameters. The life time turned out to be limited by an exponential decay of enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 98 (1992), S. 165-173 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Heterodera schachtii ; Meloidogyne incognita ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; video ; light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract With the aid of video-enhanced contrast light microscopy the feeding behavior of the cyst nematodeHeterodera schachtii and the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita has been studied in roots of various cruciferous plants, especially inArabidopsis thaliana, a model plant for molecular studies. The juvenile stage 2 (J2) nematodes ofH. schachtii migrate intracellularly with destructive stylet thrusts before establishing their permanent feeding site (syncytium) within the vascular cylinder. After the selection of the initial syncytial cell (ISC) they undergo a preparation period before they start feeding from the ISC. During all developmental stages feeding occurs in cycles, composed of three distinct phases. In contrast, the J2 ofMeloidogyne incognita reach their permanent feeding site by intercellular migration, first towards the apex of the root, where they turn round, and move towards the differentiating vascular cylinder. A characteristic behavioral pattern, composed of continuous head and stylet movements, interspersed by periods of stylet-tip protrusion and metacorpal bulb pumping is maintained during all phases of parasitism, i.e., root invasion, intercellular migration and feeding from the giant-cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cuticle ; Cuticular exudations ; Exudations ; Heterodera schachtii ; Ultrastructure ; Host-parasite interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The development ofHeterodera schachtii inside roots of a cruciferous host plant grown under monoxenic conditions in an agar medium was observed with video-enhanced contrast light microscopy. One to 6 days after inoculation, roots were excised and processed for electron microscopic observations. Exudates were present on the cuticle surfaces of J 2 and early J 3 juveniles located at feeding sites. Fibrillar exudations were correlated with similar fibrillar patterns in the epicuticle, exocuticle, intermediate zone, and the striated endocuticle. Secretion vesicles assembled at many Golgi sites in the hypodermis, appeared to coalesce and form large electron translucent vesicles in the cytoplasm. We propose that secretion vesicles migrate toward the cuticle, contact the plasmalemma and transfer their contents by exocytosis or a similar mechanism to a secretion accumulation site. These contents are associated with cuticle structure and emerge as surface exudations.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum spp. L. ; Resistenzkriterien ; Populationsentwicklung ; Topfkulturtest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A monoxenicin vitro test, which was developed for selecting resistance in potato genotypes toGlobodera pallida (Stone) Behrens, can distinguish small differences in the resistance reaction, presumed to be polygenically controlled. To establish meaningful criteria for resistance, a number of characters which could be assessed rapidly were determined (number of necrotic root areas, number of invading juveniles but not yet sexually differentiated, number of juveniles developing as males and females, number of juveniles with arrested development). Assessments were made 21, 35 and 49 days after the introduction of 1000 freshly hatched juveniles ofG. pallida Pa3- population ‘Frenswegen’ per test Petri dish. Because of differences in levels of juvenile invasion per genotype (number of necrotic root areas) and differentiated individuals (Table 1), to make genotypic comparisons, it was necessary to consider other resistance criteria along with percentage juvenilie invasion. The ratio of males to females was shown to be the most reliable criterion of resistance. There was a higher proportion of females than males on susceptible, andG. rostochiensis resistant genotypes than onG. pallida resistant genotypes on which males predominated (Table 1). A further subdivision of theG. pallida resistant genotypes was possible using the increased occurrence of necrotic root areas, and juveniles with arrested development. A scheme was constructed for rating the effect of genotypes on the characteristic development of the nematode populations. It contained four groups: susceptible reaction (Figure 1), weakly expressed resistance (Figure 2), expressed resistance (Figure 3) and strongly expressed resistance (Figure 4). Female counts from pot tests with particular genotypes were in general agreement with the results from the monoxenic resistance test (Table 1).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Resistenzselektion von Kartoffelgenotypen gegenGlobodera pallida (Stone) Beharens (Pa3) wurde ein monoxenischerin vitro-Test entwickelt, der die Auswertung geringer quantitativer Unterschiede in der vermutlich polygen-vererbten Resistenzreaktion erlaubt. Hierzu wurde das aussagekräftigste Resistenzkriterium an 30 unterschiedlich resistenten Genotypen bestimmt. An den anfälligen undG. rostochiensis-resistenten Genotypen entwickelte sich immer ein höherer Anteil Weibchen als Männchen, im Gegensatz zu denG. pallida-resistenten Genotypen, bei denen die Männchen überwogen. Eine weitere Unterteilung derG. pallida-resistenten Genotypen war durch das erhöhte Auftreten nekrotisierter Wurzelbereiche und durch Larven mit stagnierender Entwicklung möglich. Zur Bewertung des Einflusses der Genotypen auf die charakteristische Populationsentwicklung des Nematoden wurde ein Schema mit vier Gruppen erstellt. Die Überprüfung der untersuchten Genotypen in einem Topfkulturetest zeigte eine Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen aus dem monoxenischen Resistenztests.
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