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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring of Gin Drinkers' Bay landfill, Hong Kong: I. Landfill gas on top of the landfill (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental management 13 (1989), S. 743-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Landfill gas ; Methane ; Oxygen ; Carbon dioxide ; Temperature ; Relative humidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The present study centered on the composition of landfill gas and its effects on soil and plants at the Gin Drinkers' Bay (GDB) landfill in Hong Kong This first part of the study was a whole-year monitoring of landfill gas composition in the gas ventilation system installed on top of the landfill Methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene were measured It was shown that gas generation was positively correlated with the amount of precipitation and air temperature and negatively correlated with atmospheric pressure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868313
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil and plant characteristics of landfill sites near Merseyside, England (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 491-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Landfill ; Landfill gas ; Soil properties ; Plant growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An ecological survey of the plant and soil characteristics was carried out on three landfill sites near Merseyside, England. It was discovered that bare ground at two of the landfill areas had high levels of methane contained in the soil air (Sefton Meadows landfill: 6–8% at 35 cm and 16–35% at 65 cm below soil surface; Coalgate Lane landfill: 1–24% at 35 cm and 39–45% at 40 cm below soils surface), causing the appearance of dark grey reduced regions in the soil, a phenomenon similar to flooded soil. The wellvegetated areas at the two sites had lower levels of methane (under 7%). In areas relatively free of methane, the concentrations of mineralized N and NO3 − had significant correlations with the dry weights of vegetation (r = 0.71 withp〈0.01;r=0.61 withp〈0.02 accordingly), indicating the necessity of applying available nitrogen fertilizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873262
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sludge-grown algae for culturing aquatic organisms: Part I. Algal growth in sludge extracts (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 361-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Algal growth ; Chlorella ; Heavy metals ; Sludge extracts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This project is aimed at studying the feasibility of using sewage sludge to prepare culture media for microalgae (Chlorella-HKBU) and the use of the sludge-grown algae as a feed for some aquatic organisms. Part I of the project included results on preparing sludge extracts and their use on algal culture. By comparing two culturing techniques, “aeration” and “shaking,” it was noted that both lag and log phases were shortened in the aeration system. A subsequent experiment noted that algal growth subject to aeration rates of 1.0 and 1.5 liters/min had similar lag and log phases. In addition, both aeration rates had a significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) final cell density than that of 0.5 liters/min. A detailed study on the variation of growth conditions on the algal growth was done. The results indicated that pH values of all the cultures declined below 5 at day 12. The removal rates of ammonia N ranged from 62% to 70%. The sludge-grown algae contained a rather substantial amount of heavy metals (µg/g): Zn 289–581, Cu 443–682, Ni 310–963, Mn 96–126, Cr 25–118, and Fe 438–653. This implied that the rather high levels of heavy metals may impose adverse effects on higher trophic organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203844
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sludge-Grown Algae for Culturing Aquatic Organisms: Part I. Algal Growth in Sludge Extracts (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 361-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Algal growth; Chlorella; Heavy metals; Sludge extracts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract. This project is aimed at studying the feasibility of using sewage sludge to prepare culture media for microalgae (Chlorella-HKBU) and the use of the sludge-grown algae as a feed for some aquatic organisms. Part I of the project included results on preparing sludge extracts and their use on algal culture. By comparing two culturing techniques, “aeration” and “shaking,” it was noted that both lag and log phases were shortened in the aeration system. A subsequent experiment noted that algal growth subject to aeration rates of 1.0 and 1.5 liters/min had similar lag and log phases. In addition, both aeration rates had a significantly higher (P〈0.05) final cell density than that of 0.5 liters/min. A detailed study on the variation of growth conditions on the algal growth was done. The results indicated that pH values of all the cultures declined below 5 at day 12. The removal rates of ammonia N ranged from 62% to 70%. The sludge-grown algae contained a rather substantial amount of heavy metals (μg/g): Zn 289–581, Cu 443–682, Ni 310–963, Mn 96–126, Cr 25–118, and Fe 438–653. This implied that the rather high levels of heavy metals may impose adverse effects on higher trophic organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203844
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sludge-Grown Algae for Culturing Aquatic Organisms: Part II. Sludge-Grown Algae as Feeds for Aquatic Organisms (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Algae; Cladocera; Fish; Food chains; Heavy metals; Shrimp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract. This project investigated the feasibility of using sewage sludge to culture microalgae (Chlorella-HKBU) and their subsequent usage as feeds for rearing different organisms. Part II of the project evaluated the results of applying the sludge-grown algae to feed Oreochromis mossambicus (fish), Macrobrachium hainenese (shrimp), and Moina macrocopa (cladocera). In general, the yields of the cultivated organisms were unsatisfactory when they were fed the sludge-grown algae directly. The body weights of O. mossambicus and M. macrocopa dropped 21% and 37%, respectively, although there was a slight increase (4.4%) in M. hainenese. However, when feeding the algal-fed cladocerans to fish and shrimp, the body weights of the fish and shrimp were increased 7% and 11% accordingly. Protein contents of the cultivated organisms were comparable to the control diet, although they contained a rather high amount of heavy metals. When comparing absolute heavy metal contents in the cultivated organisms, the following order was observed: alga 〉 cladocera 〉 shrimp, fish 〉 sludge extracts. Bioelimination of heavy metals may account for the decreasing heavy metal concentrations in higher trophic organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203845
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil Seed Bank as an Input of Seed Source in Revegetation of Lead / Zinc Mine Tailings (2001)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 9 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The goal of the present study was to assess a soil seed bank as an input seed source for revegetating lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings. The seed bank source was abandoned farmland, whose top 10-cm layer of topsoil contained 6,850 ± 377 seeds/m2 from 41 species. The seeds in the soil were principally distributed in the upper 0–2 cm, which held 75.8% of total seeds and 92.7% of species composition. The top 2-cm layer of topsoil may be sufficient to serve the purpose of providing a seed source for revegetation on derelict lands, including mined lands. Four different thicknesses of topsoil (1, 2, 4, and 8 cm, redistributed from the total 0–10-cm layer from the farmland) were field-tested on the Pb/Zn mine tailings. There was no significant difference in seedling density among the 4 thickness treatments. Many seeds in the treatments with more than 1-cm of topsoil were unable to emerge from the deeper layer. Seedlings in plots with topsoil of 1-, 2- and 4-cm failed to establish within 1 year due to the extremely high acidity (pH 2.39 to 2.76). A shallow layer of topsoil cannot neutralize the sulfuric acid generated from oxidation of pyrites in the tailings. For establishment of seedlings on metalliferous lands, an insulating layer such as subsoil, building rubble, or domestic refuse is necessary before covering with valuable topsoil. The woody legume Leucaena leucocephala grown on the tailings with a topsoil cover of 8-cm was the most dominant species. Lead was accumulated in root, branch, stem bark, and xylem, which accounted for more than 80% of the total metal concentration in the plant. This portion of Pb will reside in the plant for a long period, while the smaller portion of Pb in the leaf (about 15%) could be returned to the environment as litter during growth. Woody plants may have an advantage in metal-phyto-remediation over herbaceous plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.94007.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vegetation Response to Lime and Manure Compost Amendments on Acid Lead/Zinc Mine Tailings: A Greenhouse Study (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Land disturbed by mining in China is a serious problem and lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings constitute the majority of the metal mine tailings produced in Guangdaong Province, China. A greenhouse study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of lime (40, 80, 120, and 160 t/ha) and manure compost (50 and 100 t/ha) amendment on the revegetation of the Pb/Zn mine tailings using Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) and Agropyron elongatum (tall wheatgrass). The results showed that a combination of lime and manure compost amendment together with deionized water leachating was able to increase pH, reduce electrical conductivity and diethylenetraminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable concentrations of Zn and Pb in tailings. Using 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:10612971:REC80041:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉80 t/ha lime amendment with the supplement of fertilizer or manure compost was able to effectively improve germination of both C. dactylon and A. elongatum. The highest dry weight yields were obtained in tailings receiving 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:10612971:REC80041:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉80 t lime/ha and 100 t manure compost/ha for both plant species. Plant tissue analysis showed that lime amendment at 120–160 t/ha reduced Zn accumulation in both shoot and root of C. dactylon. However, this trend was not observed for Pb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80041.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural Colonization of Plants on Five Lead/Zinc Mine Tailings in Southern China (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Restoration ecology 13 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mine tailings can have a specific assemblage of plant species due to their unique physicochemical properties, and this process can be important in developing ecological theory and restoration practice. Physicochemical properties and natural colonization of plants on five lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings in southern China were investigated. The tailings studied included Fankou and Lechang in Guangdong Province, and Huangshaping, Shuikoushan, and Taolin in Hunan Province. Physicochemical properties of the tailings varied greatly both among and within tailings ponds, but in general, all contained high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) and low concentrations of N, P, and organic matter. Toxic levels of heavy metals and deficiency of major nutrients appeared to be the major constraints for colonization of plants on these Pb/Zn tailings and were reflected in the metal concentration of the plant tissues. The natural colonization of plants on these tailings was limited, with only some small patches distributed mainly on the edge of tailing ponds and even fewer patches on the center of the ponds. In total 54 plant species belonging to 51 genera and 24 families were recorded on the five tailings ponds, of which the 13 species belonging to Gramineae were major components of the tailings’ flora. Species establishing on the tailings at the initial colonization phase greatly depended on their seed-dispersal capacity. Further establishment and growth were then dependent on at least one of the three ecological strategies: (1) microsite (avoidance) strategy: plant establishment on tailings depended on dispersing onto microsites of relatively favorable edaphic conditions; (2) tolerance strategy: plant establishment was a result of evolving metal-tolerant ecotypes or constitutional metal tolerance; and (3) rhizome strategy: plant establishment on tailings depended on clonal growth by rhizomatous extension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00007.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revegetation of Pb/Zn Mine Tailings, Guangdong Province, China (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Lechang lead/zinc mine is located in the north part of Guangdong Province, southern China. The tailings residue from the extraction of lead/zinc ores was permanently stored in tailings ponds, which required revegetation to reduce the environmental impact. A field study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effects of different ameliorants, including: (1) pig manure (PM); (2) mushroom compost (MC); (3) burnt coal residue (BC); (4) fly ash (FA); and (5) surface soil on the growth of Agropyron elongatum (tall wheat grass), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), and Trifolium repens (clover) in the tailings residue. The results from the core profiles indicated that adding FA (10 cm) or BC (15 cm) as a barrier layer between the cover soil and the tailings could increase pH, compared to the treatment with soil only. C. dactylon grew well and had a high cover (90–100%) in all the treatment plots except the control plots without any amendment. A. elongatum and L. multiflorum had a higher cover when grown in plots covered with a barrier layer using FA or BC (both with surface soil), than those grown in plots covered with surface soil only. Treatment plots receiving a thicker soil cover (30 cm) had a better dry weight yield than those with a thinner soil cover (15 cm), regardless of the barrier layer. The results from this study indicate that the use of either 15 cm BC or 10 cm FA as a barrier layer with surface soil, or the use of 38 tonnes PM/ha and 6 cm MC, were effective for the revegetation of Pb/Zn mine tailings. C. dactylon was the best species among the four species used for revegetation.Key words: reclamation, Pb/Zn mine tailings, burnt coal, mushroom compost, fly ash, Bermuda grass, Italian ryegrass, clover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80012.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sludge-grown algae for culturing aquatic organisms: Part II. Sludge-grown algae as feeds for aquatic organisms (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Algae ; Cladocera ; Fish ; Food chains ; Heavy metals ; Shrimp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This project investigated the feasibility of using sewage sludge to culture microalgae (Chlorella-HKBU) and their subsequent usage as feeds for rearing different organisms. Part II of the project evaluated the results of applying the sludge-grown algae to feedOreochromis mossambicus (fish),Macrobrachium hainenese (shrimp), andMoina macrocopa (cladocera). In general, the yields of the cultivated organisms were unsatisfactory when they were fed the sludge-grown algae directly. The body weights ofO. mossambicus andM. macrocopa dropped 21% and 37%, respectively, although there was a slight increase (4.4%) inM. hainenese. However, when feeding the algal-fed cladocerans to fish and shrimp, the body weights of the fish and shrimp were increased 7% and 11% accordingly. Protein contents of the cultivated organisms were comparable to the control diet, although they contained a rather high amount of heavy metals. When comparing absolute heavy metal contents in the cultivated organisms, the following order was observed: alga 〉 cladocera 〉 shrimp, fish 〉 sludge extracts. Bioelimination of heavy metals may account for the decreasing heavy metal concentrations in higher trophic organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203845
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