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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 14 (1975), S. 405-409 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 14 (1975), S. 2276-2279 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 6 (1973), S. 475-476 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using standard procedures, aerobic plate counts (APC), total and fecal coliform most probable number (MPN) determinations, and analyses for Salmonella, Arizona, Shigella and Edwardsiella tarda were performed on 335 fresh and 342 frozen sample units of channel catfish. APC values for 93.0% of the fresh and 94.5% of the frozen samples were 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00221147:JFDS359:les" location="les.gif"/〉107 organisms per g. Fecal coliform MPN values for 70.7% of the fresh and 92.4% of the frozen samples were 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00221147:JFDS359:les" location="les.gif"/〉400 organisms per g. The occurrence of Salmonella in channel catfish was subject to seasonal variation. Salmonella-positive samples yielded 15 serotypes from 8 somatic groups. Edwardsiella tarda was isolated from two samples; Arizona and Shigella were not detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recovery of Salmonella species from nonfat dry milk was performed by the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), in which a 25-g sample is rapidly rehydrated in 225 ml of sterile distilled water. Recovery was improved by swirling pre-enriched samples at an initial 1:2 sample/water ratio and diluting 60 min later to a final 1:9 sample/water ratio before incubation at 35°C. In a second improved method, 25-g samples were gently added to 225-ml volumes of sterile distilled water and allowed to soak undisturbed for 60 min at room temperature before incubation. Direct comparison of the AOAC and soak methods showed that 16 and 62 Salmonella-positive samples, respectively, were detected by each of these methods. Sensitivity of the soak method did not decrease during analysis of four 100-g samples or a single 375-g sample as compared with analysis of fifteen individual 25-g samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 211 (1966), S. 163-165 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AT daybreak on January 24, 1966, ash-charged vapour columns were seen over Mt. Redoubt from Kenai and Anchorage, Alaska. Reports soon confirmed that the column was being erupted through a new fissure vent on the north ridge of the volcano below the old crater. Mt. Redoubt (3,110 m) is located at ...
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The use of soil-surface applications of finely powdered calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to inhibit Sclerotinia minor sclerotial germination and infection at the collar region of lettuce plants is described. In the laboratory, a pH 〉 8·0 reduced sclerotial germination of the three S. minor isolates tested. In the glasshouse, surface applications of 2–10 t Ca(OH)2 ha−1 raised the pH of the top 1–2 cm of a duplex sandy loam soil above 8·5 for at least 8 weeks without affecting soil pH within the transplant root zone. There was a linear relationship between the rate of Ca(OH)2 applied and disease control, with complete disease suppression at 10 t Ca(OH)2 ha−1. In field trials on two soil types (duplex sandy loam, pH 6·0; and red ferrosol, pH 6·9), a rate of 2·5 t Ca(OH)2 ha−1, maintained soil-surface pH above 8·5 for 1–3 weeks and provided up to 58% reduction in lettuce drop. Application of polyvinyl alcohol (a soil-conditioning polymer) over the Ca(OH)2 layer appeared to reduce Ca(OH)2 loss by wind, but did not improve retention of raised soil-surface pH or disease suppression. Ca(OH)2 treatment gave similar disease control to the industry standard treatment of a procymidone-based fungicide seedling drench. A combined treatment of Ca(OH)2 and fungicide drench gave greater control than either individual treatment, and equivalent control to fungicide drench and three procymidone foliar sprays, offering integrated management options. The use of soil-surface-applied Ca(OH)2 with fungicides, rotation and drip irrigation offers an opportunity for enhanced and sustainable control of lettuce drop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Thrips species and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) alternate weed hosts were surveyed on two lettuce farms in southern Tasmania during 1994 and 1995. Only one known vector species, Thrips tabaci, was found at either site, comprising on average 36.8% of the total monthly catch. A major peak of thrips activity in the summer corresponded with an increase of disease in autumn harvested lettuce. Two thrips species new for Tasmania were recorded, Pseudanaphothrips achaetus and Tenothrips frici. Infection patterns within the crop indicated that localized weed infestations were the most likely reservoir of virus. ELISA testing showed that TSWV was present in a range of dicotyledonous weed species, although usually infecting only a low percentage of the plants. Arctotheca calendula appeared to be the single most important reservoir host species at one property, whilst this species and Sonchus oleraceus, Malva sylvestris, Brassica rapa ssp. silvestris, Erodium moschatum and Trifolium sp. were probably the most important reservoirs at the other property. Two new natural TSWV host species were recorded, Erodium moschatum and Brassica rapa ssp. silvestris. The property with the highest incidence of TSWV-infected lettuce had a relatively higher proportion of virus-infected weeds but less thrips activity during the infection period.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected by ELISA within freshly harvested infected tubers of all cultivars tested, but had an erratic distribution which could affect detection reliability. The lack of detectable virus within many tuber eye samples was reflected in production of healthy shoots from infected tubers, some of which did eventually succumb to TSWV infection after 1–4 weeks' growth, and observations suggested this may be enhanced by virus multiplication in diseased shoots produced from the mother tuber. Breeding populations of Thrips tabaci were found within a field exposure trial, and trapping confirmed this as the only known TSWV vector present. In this trial, relying on natural thrips transmission, there was no significant variability in susceptibility of the cultivars tested to initial foliar infection. However, in a glasshouse trial using mechanical inoculation, significant cultivar differences in the rate of foliar systemic infection were observed. Substantial cultivar differences were also found in the efficiency of TSWV translocation from infected plant to tuber, and from infected tuber to progeny plants. Tuber infection rate was further affected by the age of plants at infection, and by the proportion of stems of each plant showing symptoms of TSWV infection. Two apparent resistance mechanisms operated to restrict TSWV translocation to tubers. The first showed strong but incomplete resistance at all ages of challenge; the second showed initial susceptibility to tuber infection but, in challenges after tuber initiation, showed a strong resistance phenotype. Expression of tuber necrosis also varied with cultivar and was affected by plant age at infection. Malformed tubers and secondary growth were also found following foliar TSWV infection, but were not necessarily associated with tuber infection. Current certification tolerance levels for TSWV infection in seed potatoes in Tasmania overestimate the risk of TSWV infection. Given that disease risk varies markedly with cultivar, perhaps certification tolerance levels should reflect this on a cultivar-specific basis.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Trichoderma koningii (strain Tr5) grew in the epidermal mucilage of onion roots without entering healthy epidermal tissue. When placed on the epidermis of Sclerotium cepivorum-infected roots, T. koningii colonized epidermal passage cells, with little colonization of other epidermal tissues, then branched and spread throughout the root cortical tissues damaged by enzymes and toxins which diffused ahead of S. cepivorum hyphae, and impeded the path of the infection. When T. koningii colonized infected tissue, many S. cepivorum hyphae became detached at septa, cell walls dissolved and many hyphal apices burst. Contact between hyphae was not necessary for lysis to occur. T. koningii produced two endochitinases (Rf 0·15 and 0·24) and two exo-acting chitinolytic enzymes (Rf 0·46 and 0·62) during degradation of crabshell chitin and S. cepivorum cell walls. The Rf 0·24 and 0·46 proteins were detected when T. koningii colonized S. cepivorum-infected roots and are likely to be a component of the antagonism process.
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