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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarized neutron diffraction and Moessbauer effect study of the magnetic ordering in wustite, FeyO (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 23 (1984), S. 3136-3141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00188a023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specificity of bacterial symbionts in Mediterranean and Great Barrier Reef sponges (1981)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 7 (1981), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacteria were isolated from marine sponges from the Mediterranean and the Great Barrier Reef and characterized using numerical taxonomy techniques. A similar sponge-specific bacterial symbiont was found in 9 of 10 sponges examined from both geographic regions. This symbiont occurred in sponges of two classes and seven orders, and it probably has been associated with sponges over a long geological time scale. Another symbiont apparently specific to the spongeVerongia aerophoba was found. This sponge is yellow-orange, similar in color to the bacterial symbiont. These symbionts are two of a large mixed bacterial population present in many sponges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010474
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bdellovibrio-like parasite of cyanobacteria symbiotic in marine sponges (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 101-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bdellovibrio ; Cyanobacteria ; Marine sponges ; Symbiosis ; Infection ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A bdellovibrio-like bacterium was observed infecting unicellular symbiotic cyanobacteria in two coral reef sponges, Neofibularia irata and Jaspis stellifera. The infecting bacterium, which was located between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane of the cyanobacteria, was similar in size and appearance to previously described bdellovibrios. This observation is believed to extend the host range of the bdellovibrios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403507
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid neutron-diffraction data collection for hydrogen-bonding studies: application of the Laue diffractometer (LADI) to the case study zinc (tris)thiourea sulfate (2001)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 429-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The successful application of the newly developed image-plate neutron Laue diffractometer (LADI) at the Institut Laue–Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France, for rapid hydrogen-bonding characterization is reported. The case study concerns the promising non-linear optical material zinc (tris)thiourea sulfate (ZTS), which contains 30 atoms in the asymmetric unit and crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group, Pca21, a = 11.0616 (9), b = 7.7264 (6), c = 15.558 (1) Å [T = 100.0 (1) K]. The results from a 12 h data collection from ZTS on LADI are compared with those obtained over 135 h using the monochromatic four-circle diffractometer D9 at the same reactor source with a crystal 13 times larger in volume. Both studies reveal the extensive hydrogen bonding and other close non-bonded contacts within the material. As expected, the results from D9 are more precise than those obtained from LADI; however, the bond geometry determined from the two experiments is the same within the larger estimated standard deviations. Furthermore, the conclusions drawn from the two studies separately regarding the nature of all supramolecular features are identical. This illustrates that LADI is eminently suitable for rapid characterization of hydrogen-bonded structures by neutron diffraction, with the gain in speed compared with traditional instrumentation being several orders of magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010876730100349X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct determination of the positions of the deuterium atoms of the bound water in concanavalin A by neutron Laue crystallography (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 541-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The correct positions of the deuterium (D) atoms of many of the bound waters in the protein concanavalin A are revealed by neutron Laue diffraction. The approach includes cases where these water D atoms show enough mobility to render them invisible even to ultra-high resolution synchrotron-radiation X-ray crystallography. The positions of the bound water H atoms calculated on the basis of chemical and energetic considerations are often incorrect. The D-atom positions for the water molecules in the Mn-, Ca- and sugar-binding sites of concanavalin A are described in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444900002353
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasi-Laue neutron-diffraction study of the water arrangement in crystals of triclinic hen egg-white lysozyme (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 978-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Triclinic crystals of lysozyme, hydrogen–deuterium exchanged in deuterated solvent, have been studied using neutron quasi-Laue techniques and a newly developed cylinder image-plate detector. The wavelength range employed was from 2.7 to 3.5 Å, which gave 9426 significant reflections [F ≥ 2σ(F)] to a resolution limit of 1.7 Å. The deuteration states of the H atoms in the protein molecule were identified, followed by an extensive analysis of the water structure surrounding the protein. The final R factor was 20.4% (Rfree = 22.1%). In total, the 244 observed water molecules form approximately one layer of water around the protein with far fewer water molecules located further away. Water molecules covering the apolar patches make tangential layers at 4–5 Å from the surface or form C—H\cdotsO contacts, and several water-molecule sites can be identified in the apolar cavities. Many of the water molecules are apparently orientationally disordered, and only 115 out of the 244 water molecules sit in mean single orientations. Comparison of these results with quasi-elastic neutron scattering observations of the water dynamics leads to a picture of the water molecules forming an extended constantly fluctuating network covering the protein surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444998018514
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron Laue diffraction studies of coenzyme cob(II)alamin (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Using a recently designed neutron single-crystal diffractometer utilizing a narrow-band Laue concept (LADI), diffraction data were collected from a crystal of the coenzyme cob(II)alamin (B12r), crystallized from a mixture of D2O and perdeuterated acetone. The instrument was placed at the end of a cold neutron guide at the Institute Laue Langevin (ILL, Grenoble, France), and data collection with neutrons of 1.8–8.0 Å wavelength to a crystallographic resolution of 1.43 Å was complete after about 36 h. This compares favourably with a previous experiment utilizing the same crystal specimen, where more than four weeks were required to collect monochromatic diffraction data to about 1 Å resolution. Using the Laue data, the structure was solved by molecular replacement with the known X-ray crystal structure. Difference density maps revealed the atomic positions (including deuterium atoms) of seven ordered solvent water molecules and two (partially disordered) acetone molecules. These density maps were compared with corresponding maps computed with monochromatic neutron-diffraction data collected to 1.0 Å resolution using the same crystal specimen, as well as to maps derived from high-resolution (0.90 Å) synchrotron X-ray data. In spite of the better definition of atomic positions in the two high-resolution maps, the 1.43 Å LADI maps show considerable power for the determination of the location of hydrogen and deuterium positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S090744499800660X
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global change and coral reefs: impacts on reefs, economies and human cultures (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Global change biology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Coral reefs have reconstituted themselves after previous large sea-level variations, and climate changes. For the past 6000 years of unusually stable sea-level, reefs have grown without serious interruptions. During recent decades, however, new stresses threaten localized devastation of many reefs. A new period of global climate change is occurring, stimulated by anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases. Coral reefs will cope well with predicted sea-level rises of 4.5 cm per decade, but reef islands will not. Higher sea levels will provide corals with greater room for growth across reef flats, but there are no foreseeable mechanisms for reef island growth to keep pace with sea-level rise, therefore many low islands may ultimately become uninhabitable.Climate change will introduce localized variations in weather patterns, but changes to individual reefs cannot be predicted. Reefs on average should cope well with regional climate change, as they have coped with similar previous fluctuations. Air temperature increases of 0.2–0.3 °C/decade will induce slower increases in sea-surface temperatures, which may cause localized, or regional increases in coral bleaching. Changes in rainfall will impact on reefs near land masses. Likewise, increased storms and variations in El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may stress some reefs, but not others.The greatest impact of climate change will be a synergistic enhancement of direct anthropogenic stresses (excessive sediment and pollution from the land; over-fishing, especially via destructive methods; mining of coral rock and sand; and engineering modifications), which currently cause most damage to coral reefs. Many of the world's reefs have been degraded and more will be damaged as anthropogenic impacts increase under the ‘demophoric’ increases in population (demos) and economic (phoric) activity. This biotic and habitat loss will result in severe economic and social losses. Reefs, however, have considerable recovery powers and losses can be minimized by effective management of direct human impacts and reducing indirect threats of global climate change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00066.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulated structure of La2Co1.7 from neutron and X-ray diffraction data (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 959-971 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An La2Co1.7 crystal was investigated by single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction. The neutron measurement was performed with a Laue white-beam technique at 15 K and room temperature, using a large position-sensitive detector. The X-ray measurements were obtained at room temperature from a CCD detector. The average structure of La2Co1.7 is hexagonal with cell parameters a = 4.885 (1), c = 4.273 (2) Å and space group P63/mmc. The satellites are located at the vertices of small hexagons perpendicular to the c axis. The modulated crystal was indexed assuming a sixfold twinned 3 + 1 dimensional structure with q = (α, 0, γ). The structure was solved in the pseudoorthorhombic cell, with a = 8.461 (1), b = 4.885 (1), c = 4.273 (2) Å, in the superspace group C2/m(α, 0, γ). Owing to space requirements, the Co atoms cannot fit precisely into the octahedral sites of the La h.c.p. (hexagonal close packing). Instead, the Co atoms adopt a different periodicity, which is not commensurate with the periodicity of the La atoms. Two structure models have been refined in order to describe this behaviour, one using the sawtooth function for the positional modulation of cobalt and the other describing the structure as a composite system. The chemical composition calculated from the composite model is La2Co1.8 (1) with the estimated standard deviation arising from the variation of q for different samples. In both models lanthanum is incommensurately modulated, while the position of cobalt seems not to be affected by any relative periodic displacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768100011332
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron Laue diffractometry with an imaging plate provides an effective data collection regime for neutron protein crystallography (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 4 (1997), S. 909-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Neutron quasi-Laue diffraction data (2 Å resolution) from tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme were collected in ten days with neutron imaging plates. The data processing Laue software, LAUEGEN, developed for X-ray Laue diffractometry, was adapted for neutron diffractometry with a cylindrical ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb1197-909
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