ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SELECTION OF PIPELINE ROUTES (1984)

Whitehurst, C. A. ; Kinney, R. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of the American Water Resources Association 20 (1984), S. 0

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ISSN: 1752-1688

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography

Notes: : A brief review of environmental assessment methods is presented as an introduction to a study of environmental management problems in a coastal area of southern Louisiana. The assessment method used in the study is called suitability analysis and involves the use of matrices. The matrix approach is simply a convenient method for organizing all factors representing environmental concerns in a region. The matrices proved to be very useful in defining the present state of an environmental regime and in maintaining an inventory of regional features and potential impacts.The method is described in detail and illustrated by evaluating the potential impacts of a major pipeline construction job in the area. Of major concern is the potential impact on the water resources of the region. Disruption to the natural drainage could be detremental, and affect the suitability of available water for a given use. Limitations of the method are discussed and potential areas for improvement and research are noted. Coupled with an economic assessment, the suitability analysis method should prove beneficial for selecting development sites for industries, residential areas, and other construction activities.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04634.x

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2

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Identification of clusters of biallelic polymorphic sequence-tagged sites (pSTSs) that generate highly informative and automatable markers for genetic linkage mapping

Nickerson, D.A. ; Whitehurst, C. ; Boysen, C. ; [et al.]

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Genomics 12 (1992), S. 377-387

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ISSN: 0888-7543

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(92)90388-9

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3

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In vivo to post-mortem change in tissue penetration of red light (1990)

Whitehurst, C. ; Pantelides, M. L. ; Moore, J. V. ; [et al.]

Springer

Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 395-398

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ISSN: 1435-604X

Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Lasers ; Light dosimetry ; Skeletal muscle

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract For precise light dosimetry in photodynamic therapy (PDT), the light penetration characteristics of the tissue concerned need to be assessed. Several attenuation coefficients have so far been measured using 633 nm wavelength red light and human tissue obtained from autopsy or surgery. However, the validity of such ex vivo derived values remains uncertain, and hence is evaluated further in this study. Using a rat thigh muscle model, the tissue transmittance of 633 nm red light was compared between in vivo and ex vivo. Transmittance (in vivo) following preliminary injection of 40 mg kg−1 haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) was also measured in muscle and liver. The effective attenuation coefficient (⌆eff) ex vivo in muscle was 0.98±0.06 mm−1 and in vivo 0.97 ± 0.05 mm−1. Values agreed within experimental error indicating that in this tissue, changes from in vivo to post-mortem produced no alteration in optical penetration at 633 nm. Preliminary injection of HPD did not influence the penetration depth in muscle although significant changes were observed in an organ of high porphyrin avidity, the liver (0.68±0.08 mm vs 0.40±0.08 mm with HPD). Until techniques for in vivo measurements of light attenuation coefficient become available, the use of ex vivo derived values with 633 nm wavelength light would seem appropriate.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032597

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4

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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of Gastrointestinal Tumours: A New Light Delivery System (1998)

Roche, J.V.E. ; Whitehurst, C. ; Watt, P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Lasers in medical science 13 (1998), S. 137-142

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ISSN: 1435-604X

Keywords: Keywords: Colorectum; Intraluminal probe; Non-laser light source; Oesophagus; Paterson lamp; Photodynamic therapy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract. The Paterson lamp is a convenient, low cost, portable, alternative light source to lasers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). A multiwavelength capability enables the clinician to vary the photosensitiser used. The Paterson lamp has been applied in the field of dermatology using a liquid light guide with distal optics for surface application. We now describe distal optics suitable for use with this light guide for intraluminal applications in the oesophagus and colorectum. The geometry of the site (oesophagus and colorectum) requires distal optics such as a cylindrical diffuser or a side-fire diffuser. We have designed new probes that diffuse light radially from the guide axis (cylindrical diffusion). The tips have a frosted glass surface that scatters and effectively couples light radially into the tissue. An acrylic spacer is placed over the diffuser to position the tissue at a constant diameter from the probe. This is held in position by a silicone sheath placed over the distal one metre. For use in the oesophagus, a channel, to facilitate intubation over a guide wire, is included. The diameter of the entire probe is 8.4 mm and the power output can be adjusted from 0–500 mW. Pilot PDT of tubulovillous adenomas of the rectum and Barrett's oesophagus using this light delivery system is currently underway and has shown good early response in the treated area.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050067

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5

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Interstitial photodynamic therapy in the Dunning R3327-AT6 prostatic carcinoma (1996)

Lee, L. K. ; Whitehurst, C. ; Pantelides, M. L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Lasers in medical science 11 (1996), S. 155-161

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ISSN: 1435-604X

Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Interstitial ; Dunning R3327 prostate tumour ; Threshold light dose ; Cylindrical diffuser ; Diffusion theory

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract Interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be an alternative radical treatment for prostate cancer. The ability to predict the depth of necrosis is necessary for light treatment planning using multiple optical fibres. The extent of PDT necrosis was studied in subcutaneously implanted R3327-AT6 Dunning prostate tumours which had similar optical characteristics to human prostate. Tumour-bearing subjects were given 20 mg kg−1 Haematoporphyrin esters (HPE) and irradiated 24 h later with 630 nm laser light. Five subjects per group were treated with increasing light doses (50–450 J cm−1) delivered interstitially via a single 2 cm long cylindrical diffuser. After 450 J cm−1 of irradiation, 4.3±0.8 cm3 [standard error of the mean (s.e.m.)] of tumour tissue was necrosed to a depth of 10.5±0.8 mm around the diffuser. There was an approximately linear correlation between the volume of PDT necrosis around the fibre and prescribed light dose. The mean threshold light dose for PDT effect was 18±2 J cm−2. In this tumour with a mean photosensitizer concentration of 16±1.5μg g−1, low light doses produced tumour necrosis. PDT using multiple diffusers could destroy a relatively large tumour volume and the ‘diffusion theory’ model reliably predicted the depth of necrosis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02156757

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6

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Basic mechanisms in laser lithotripsy. 1: Optoacoustic-mechanical analysis (1991)

Jiang, Z. X. ; Whitehurst, C. ; King, T. A.

Springer

Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 443-450

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ISSN: 1435-604X

Keywords: Laser lithotripsy ; Flashlamp pumped dye laser ; Urinary calculi

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract Extensive studies on laser lithotripsy of urinary and gall calculi using a microsecond pulsed dye laser have yielded information on the mechanism of plasma initiation, expansion and shock wave fragmentation relevant to the determination of optimum fragmentation conditions. The key to plasma formation lies in the initial absorption of laser energy by the calculus surface to produce a sufficient density of localized vapour to absorb strongly laser energy. The subsequent ionization of the vapour by the further absorption of laser energy leads to plasma formation. The absorbance of several calculi pigmentations have been measured giving an indication of the individual susceptibility to laser induced breakdown. The plasma threshold is measured to be fluence dependence, which is caused by the vaporization and the further heating of the vapour. The transient expansion of the plasma imparts an impulse on stone and induces a sharp shock wave with peak pressure as high as 10 kilobar leading to the fragmentation of calculi.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02042468

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7

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Development of an alternative light source to lasers for photodynamic therapy: 2. Comparative in vivo tumour response characteristics (1995)

Whitehurst, C. ; Humphries, J. D. ; Moore, J. V.

Springer

Lasers in medical science 10 (1995), S. 121-126

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ISSN: 1435-604X

Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Haematoporphyrin derivative ; In vivo ; Laser ; Light source ; Murine tumour

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract The performance of a low cost, table-top/portable light source was tested against an argon ion pumped dye laser for in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT). The prototype delivers up to 1 W via a 4 mm flexible lightguide within a 30 nm bandwidth centred at any wavelength from 300 nm to 1200 nm at fluence rates of up to 8 W cm−2. An in situ bioassay using regrowth delay of tumour T50/80 was used to quantify the relative efficacy of the prototype with a laser. The tumours were sensitized with haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and externally irradiated. There was no significant difference in the response of the tumour to treatment between the two light sources (p = 0.69). Mean growth delays ranged from 2 days (light dose 10 J cm−2) to 20 days (light dose 100 J cm−2). The estimate for the difference in means (laser minus prototype growth delay) was only 0.66 days and was not statistically significant. This in vivo study demonstrates that the prototype is equivalent to a laser in PDT effect. The device has low capital/running cost, is simple to use and is one of the most powerful, spectrally efficient non-laser PDT sources available.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150849

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8

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Development of an alternative light source to lasers for photodynamic therapy: 3. Clinical evaluation in the treatment of pre-malignant non-melanoma skin cancer (1995)

Morton, C. A. ; Whitehurst, C. ; Moseley, H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Lasers in medical science 10 (1995), S. 165-171

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ISSN: 1435-604X

Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Non-laser light source ; 5-Aminolaevulinic acid ; Non-melanoma skin cancer

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract The efficacy of a prototype non-laser light source for photodynamic therapy was assessed in clinical practice in the treatment of Bowen's disease and actinic keratoses. The light source, incorporating a 300 W short arc plasma discharge, was adjusted by appropriate filters to produce a bandwidth of 630±15 nm. Topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid was applied 4 h before irradiation to permit production within the lesion of the active photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX. Individual lesions received 94–156 J cm−2. Twenty lesions of Bowen's disease and four actinic keratoses were treated in 12 patients. Patients were reviewed at monthly intervals and treatment repeated if residual disease was present. Clearance was achieved with a single treatment in 15 lesions and in all of the remaining nine lesions after a second treatment. The treatment was well tolerated, with pain absent or mild during treatment in 22 lesions, with only one lesion requiring local anaesthesia. Over the 10 days following treatment, no pain was associated with 21 treated lesions. During a 12 month follow-up period, two Bowen's disease lesions recurred. The overall complete response rate was 92%. Scarring was evident following PDT in only three lesions. Photodynamic therapy using this portable non-laser light source appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for Bowen's disease and actinic keratoses.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02133327

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