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  • 1
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Side-looking airborne radar for K band mapping of snowfields
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER 2D ANN. EARTH RESOURCES AIRCRAFT PROGRAM STATUS REV., VOL. 3 1969 (SEE N71-11151 02-13)
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The objectives of the Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) scattering study and calibration investigation of volcanic terrain are to delineate textural and structural features, to evaluate the L-band scattering characteristics, and to assess SIR-B calibration. Specific tasks are outlined and expected results are summarized.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL The SIR-B Sci. Invest. Plan; 3 p
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The SIR-B mapping experiment which will evaluate the utility of SAR images taken singularly, in pairs, and in combination with other data sets for cartographic, topographic, and thematic mapping, and determine the optimum configuration of a SAR system for future mapping mission is outlined. SIR-B is the first orbital imaging radar mission which will incorporate maintenance of geometric image fidelity along with careful calibration and documentation of internal timing and frequency parameters. This along and and the multiple incidence angle images of the same target which are necessary for stereoscopy and topographic mapping, make it the ideal opportunity for cartographic experimentation. It is emphasized that comprises a significant part of the overall experiment objectives.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: The SIR-B Sci. Invest. Plan; 3 p
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-05-30
    Description: Geoscience information acquisition by radar return studied by means of terrain target scattering coefficients /scatterometry/
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A number of distinct topographic and textural units were discerned on SIR-B radar images of the Kilauea/Kau Desert area. The SIR-B enhanced large-scale topographic features, such as the Kahuku Pali and the Koae Faults (both oriented towards the radar antenna), while it was unable to detect features facing away from the radar antenna such as the Hilina and Kaoiki Pali. Textural units which were identified on the SIR-B images include aa flows of various ages, and several pyroclastic units. The extreme surface roughness of aa flows produced high radar returns on both the 28 deg and 48 deg SIR-B data sets. In contrast, pahoehoe flows produced smooth, low return units which were difficult to distinguish from surrounding radar-dark materials. It is suggested that multilook direction data, acquired at steeper incidence angles during a reflight of SIR-B, may aid in the further identification of pahoehoe flows and subtle topographic features.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two experiments were performed employing swept frequency microwaves for the purpose of investigating the reflectivity from soil volumes containing both discontinuous and continuous changes in subsurface soil moisture content. Discontinuous moisture profiles were artificially created in the laboratory while continuous moisture profiles were induced into the soil of test plots by the environment of an agricultural field. The reflectivity for both the laboratory and field experiments was measured using bi-static reflectometers operated over the frequency ranges of 1.0 to 2.0 GHz and 4.0 to 8.0 GHz. Reflectivity models that considered the discontinuous and continuous moisture profiles within the soil volume were developed and compared with the results of the experiments. This comparison shows good agreement between the smooth surface models and the measurements. In particular the comparison of the smooth surface multi-layer model for continuous moisture profiles and the yield experiment measurements points out the sensitivity of the specular component of the scattered electromagnetic energy to the movement of moisture in the soil.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-173323 , NAS 1.26:173323
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Methods developed for image quality metrics are reviewed with focus on basic interpretation or recognition elements including: tone or color; shape; pattern; size; shadow; texture; site; association or context; and resolution. Seven metrics are believed to show promise as a way of characterizing the quality of an image: (1) the dynamic range of intensities in the displayed image; (2) the system signal-to-noise ratio; (3) the system spatial bandwidth or bandpass; (4) the system resolution or acutance; (5) the normalized-mean-square-error as a measure of geometric fidelity; (6) the perceptual mean square error; and (7) the radar threshold quality factor. Selective levels of degradation are being applied to simulated synthetic radar images to test the validity of these metrics.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA-CR-169907 , NAS 1.26:169907 , ARSL-TR-82-1
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Theoretical modeling as well as laboratory and field measurement were coupled with analysis of aircraft data obtained from controlled sites in an effort to enhance understanding of the microwave response due to soil moisture so as to specify sensor parameters and develop inversion algorithms. Models to predict the complex dielectric constant were produced which led to the interpretation of the results in terms of a matrix potential rather than simply moisture content. Similar advances were made in the development of coherent and incoherent radiative transfer models and rough surface scattering models.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10012 , NASA-CR-167648 , SM-A2-04322 , NAS 1.26:167648
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Seventeen interpreters ranked sets of computer-generated radar imagery to assess the value of post-correlation processing on the interpretability of SAR (synthetic aperture radar) imagery. The post-correlation processing evaluated amounts to a nonlinear mapping of the signal exiting a digital correlator and allows full use of signal bandwidth for improving the spatial resolution or for noise reduction. The results indicate that it is reasonable to hypothesize an optimal SAR presentation format for specific applications even though this study was too limited to be specific.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-22; 582-585
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