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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron (1998)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 112 (1998), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the present investigation the influence of the microstructure, obtained after an austempering treatment in a "process window", on the mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron has been investigated. These properties include tensile strength, elongation and hardness. Conversion electron Mössbauer spectra (CEMS) were measured, after heat treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011061332609
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  • 2
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    Christian hermeneutics in South Africa (2022)
    AOSIS | AOSIS Book
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Hermeneutics remains a divisive and polarizing topic within scholarly and ecclesiastical communities in South Africa. These tensions are not limited to theoretical differences but often crystallize on a grassroots level when local churches and church assemblies have to make important decisions on controversial ethical topics such as ordaining women in church offices, assessing the ethics of gay marriages, and taking a stance on the land debate in South Africa. This book makes a unique contribution in two ways: firstly, it focuses on the uniquely South African hermeneutical landscape; secondly, it relates theories to practical ethical application. The unique scholarly contribution of this consists in it relating hermeneutics to ethics within the South African landscape. A diverse group of scholars have been invited to partake in the project and the views expressed are often quite diverse. This allows readers to develop an understanding and sensitivity of the various angles employed and the interests at stake in addressing difficult societal problems.
    Keywords: hermeneutics; christian; South Africa ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFA Philosophy of language
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual Stress in Laser Bent Steel Components (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 524-525 (Sept. 2006), p. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The kinetics of plastic deformation and microstructural evolution, and the residual stress inparticular, were investigated on the steel plates (SABS 1431) bent by laser beam. The steelplates were bent by different number of laser scans and therefore, each was bent to a differentextent. The stress results obtained by x-ray diffraction (sin2ψ-method) show a highercompressive stress along the laser path than in the transverse direction. It was also found thatstress relaxation occurs during multi-scan laser forming process and most importantly, that thestress is not significantly different in comparison to the stress, which initially existed in rolledsteel plates. The metallographic analyses show that phase transformation, dynamic recovery andrecrystallization processes occur during laser forming
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/13/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.524-525.299.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford HEXameter: Laboratory High Energy X-Ray Diffractometer for Bulk Residual Stress Analysis (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 524-525 (Sept. 2006), p. 743-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Diffraction of penetrating radiation such as neutrons or high energy X-rays provides apowerful non-destructive method for the evaluation of residual stresses in engineering components.In particular, strain scanning using synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction has been shownto offer a fast and highly spatially resolving measurement technique. Synchrotron beamlines providebest available instruments in terms of flux and low beam divergence, and hence spatial andmeasurement resolution and data collection rate. However, despite the rapidly growing number offacilities becoming available in Europe and across the world, access to synchrotron beamlines forroutine industrial and research use remains regulated, comparatively slow and expensive. Alaboratory high energy X-ray diffractometer for bulk residual strain evaluation (HEXameter) hasbeen developed and built at Oxford University. It uses a twin-detector setup first proposed by one ofthe authors in the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction mode and allows simultaneous determinationof macroscopic and microscopic strains in two mutually orthogonal directions that lie approximatelywithin the plane normal to the incident beam. A careful procedure for detector response calibrationis used in order to facilitate accurate determination of lattice parameters by pattern refinement. Theresults of HEXameter measurements are compared with synchrotron X-ray data for several samplese.g. made from a titanium alloy and a particulate composite with an aluminium alloy matrix.Experimental results are found to be consistent with synchrotron measurements and strain resolutionclose to 2×10-4 is routinely achieved by the new instrument
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/13/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.524-525.743.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron Diffraction Measurement and Finite Element Modelling of Residual Strains Due to Bath and Spray Quenching of AISI 316L Stainless Steel Cylinders (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 571-572 (Mar. 2008), p. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes the thermo-elasto-plastic analysis of bath and spray quenched AISI316L cylinders. A suitably detailed continuum deformation analysis approach presented here isimplemented within the framework of commercial Finite Element (FE) package ABAQUS. The resultsof the numerical analysis are compared with the residual elastic strains measured experimentally usingneutron diffraction. The good agreement between measured and modelled residual elastic strainsprovides a basis for careful analysis of the residual elastic strain development resulting from twodifferent quench methods. The conclusions drawn from the analysis provides a better understanding ofquench processsing, so that the effects of different heat removal efficiencies of such processingtechnique can be taken advantage of to generate favourable residual elastic stress and deformation andmicrostructural distributions with quench processed components
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/18/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.571-572.137.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of Residual Elastic Strain Distribution in an AZ91 Mg Alloy Bar Loaded in Four Point Bending (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 571-572 (Mar. 2008), p. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a study of the residual strain field within a high pressure die cast(HPDC) AZ91 Mg alloy bar subjected to four point bending. The technique employed for this purposeis high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Strain scanning using polychromatic X-ray beam allowsthe collection of multiple peak diffraction patterns and monitoring of small peak shifts as a function ofbeam position. These shifts allow collective interpretation in terms of the equivalent macroscopicresidual elastic strain. Residual elastic strain distributions were studied in the sections subjected to purebending and also in sections of contact between the sample and the rollers. These experimental resultsare compared with the predictions from a finite element analysis of contact and deformation. Goodagreement is found between the modelled and measured results. It is hoped that these results helpimproved understanding of complex deformation behaviour of thin-walled HPDC AZ91 componentsand provide useful background information for lifing assessment of such structures
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/18/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.571-572.113.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental/Modelling Study of Residual Stress in Al/SiC〈sub〉p〈/sub〉 Bent Bars by Synchrotron XRD and Slitting Eigenstrain Methods (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 571-572 (Mar. 2008), p. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The aim of the study presented here was to evaluate the residual stresses present in a barof aluminium alloy 2124-T1 matrix composite (MMC) reinforced with 25vol% particulate siliconcarbide (SiCp) using X-ray diffraction and 3D profilometry (curvature measurement usingMitutoyo/Renishaw coordinate measurement machine) and comparing these results with numericalmodels of residual strain and stress profiles obtained by a simple inelastic bending model and FiniteElement Analysis (FEA). The residual strain distribution was introduced into the test piece byplastic deformation in the 4-point bending configuration. At the first stage of this study the elasticplasticbehaviour of the MMC was characterized under static and cyclic loading to obtain thematerial parameters, hardening proprieties and cyclic hysteresis loops. Subsequently, synchrotron Xraydiffraction and CMM curvature measurements were performed to deduce the residual stressprofile in the central section of the bar. The experimental data obtained from these measurementswere used in the inelastic bending and FEA simulations. The specimens were then subjected toincremental slitting using EDM (electric discharge machining) with continuous back and front facestrain gauge monitoring. The X-ray diffraction and incremental slitting results were then analysedusing direct and inverse eigenstrain methods. Residual stresses plots obtained by different methodsshow good agreement with each other
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/18/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.571-572.277.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHANGING WATER BALANCE OVER TIME IN RUSH CREEK, EASTERN CALIFORNIA, 1860–1992 (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 29 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Rush Creek, the principal tributary to Mono Lake, has undergone profound hydrologic modifications as a result of flow regulation for hydroelectric generation and irrigation, diversions for irrigated agriculture, and diversions for water export to the City of Los Angeles. Lower Rush Creek (the lowermost 13 km downstream of Grant Lake Reservoir) was dry by 1970, but now receives flow as a result of court-ordered efforts to restore former ecological conditions. Using available historic data and recent field measurements, we constructed the water balance for Lower Rush Creek, identifying six distinct historical periods characterized by very different patterns of gain and loss. The hydrologic patterns must be understood as a basis for modeling ecosystem response to stream-flow alteration. A gradually gaining stream under natural conditions, the advent of irrigation diversions caused the middle reaches of Lower Rush Creek to be often completely dry, while irrigation-recharged springs still maintained a baseflow in the downstream “Meadows” ranch. Increased water exports from the basin subsequently reduced irrigation and dried up the springs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03241.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of science in resolution of environmental crises at Kesterson Reservoir and Mono Lake, California (1998)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Lakes & reservoirs 3 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1770
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Two events in California’s recent history have had a profound impact in shaping present and future water resources policy: the selenium contamination at Kesterson Reservoir and the battle to save Mono Lake. The irrigation-induced selenium toxicity discovered at Kesterson changed public perception of agriculture as a benign consumer of water, eroded the political power of the agricultural lobby, and has contributed to a revision in the allocation of water between the cities, agriculture and the environment. The Mono Lake Decisions of 1983 and 1994 set an equally important precedent in affirming the State’s public trust obligation to preserve public resources and to reconsider previous water right allocations in the light of evolving knowledge and changing priorities. Both of these issues were important precursors for the current multibillion dollar State and Federal (CALFED) initiative to ‘fix’ the myriad of biologic, hydrologic and water quality problems of the San Francisco Bay estuary. In this paper, we compare the Kesterson and Mono Lake controversies and discuss the role of science and research in attempting to resolve these issues. We conclude by drawing linkages to the current CALFED initiative and suggesting implications for future water quality management in California’s lakes and reservoirs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1770.1998.00072.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth characteristics of Geotrichum ingens on propionic acid and acetic acid in batch and continuous culture (1994)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1994), S. 505-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Acetic acid ; chemostat ; Geotrichum ingens ; growth ; inhibition ; kinetics ; monocarboxylic acids ; propionic acid ; yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of Geotrichum ingens in batch cultures was completely inhibited by 47 g acetic acid/l or 33 g propionic acid/I. With mixtures of acetic and propionic acids, however, growth only ceased at 55 g/l. Acetic acid inhibited growth linearly, whereas propionic acid inhibited growth non-linearly. In continuous culture, two steady states at each dilution rate were observed at high dilution rates for acetic acid and propionic acid. The highest yield coefficient (0.69 g cells/g substrate) was achieved with propionic acid as substrate. On both substrates and their mixtures, the protein content of the biomass increased when the dilution rate was increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367654
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