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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 19-30 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Botrytis cinerea ; Colletotrichum coccodes ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.melongenae ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.melonis ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.lilii ; Fusarium solani f. sp.cucurbitae ; Phomopsis sclerotioides ; Phytophthora cryptogea ; Phytophthora infestans ; Plasmodiophora brassicae ; Pyrenochaeta lycopersici ; Rhizoctonia solani ; Sclerotinia sclerotium ; Sclerotium cepivorum ; Stromatinia gladioli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Monsters van hevig aangetaste gewasresten werden aangebracht in composthopen (2.5–4.6 m3) van het Indore-type. De temperatuur liep op tot 50–70°C binnen 6 dagen na het opzetten van de hopen, afhankelijk van de aard van de gewasresten en de plaats in de hoop. De warmtefase duurde 2–3 weken en werd gevolgd door een rijpingsfase van c. 5 maanden. Van de 17 pathogenen die werden getoetst, overleefden alleenFusarium oxysporum enOlpidium brassicae het composteren, maar ook van deze schimmels was het inoculum drastisch afgenomen. Op plaatsen waar 58 °C werd bereikt, wasF. oxysporum f. sp.lilii volledig geïnactiveerd. Proeven met inbrengen en wegnemen van monsters in verschillende stadia van het proces lieten zien datF. oxysporum f. sp.melonis, O. brassicae enPlasmodiophora brassicae werden geïnactiveerd gedurende de korte warmtefase, maar de langdurige rijpingsfase overleefden, zonder enig verlies van activiteit. Er wordt op gewezen dat naast de warmte als belangrijkste factor fungitoxische omzettingsproducten en microbieel antagonisme betrokken kunnen zijn bij de inactivering. Het effect van deze twee factoren is echter moeilijk te kwantificeren. Om te voorspellen of compost veilig kan worden gebruikt is alleen de temperatuur een bruikbare factor als parameter voor de sanitatie. Aangezien de buitenste monsters op 10 cm diep waren aangebracht, kan geen uitspraak worden gedaan over de sanitatie aan de buitenkant van de composthoop. Voor een veilig gebruik wordt aangeraden de buitenste laag van 10 cm te verwijderen.
    Notes: Abstract Samples of heavily infested crop residues were incorporated in static compost heaps (2.5–4.6 m3) of the Indore type. Temperature increased to 50–70°C within 6 days depending on the type of crop residues used and the location within the heap. The heat phase (〉40 °C) lasted 2–3 weeks and was followed by a c. 5-months maturation phase (〈40 °C). Among the 17 pathogens tested, onlyOlpidium brassicae and one of the four formae speciales ofFusarium oxysporum that were tested survived composting, but also their inoculum was greatly reduced. Survival during specific phases of composting was studied by incorporation and retrieval of samples at various stages of the process.F. oxysporum f. sp.melonis was completely inactivated andO. brassicae andPlasmodiophora brassicae were almost completely inactivated during the short heat phase. The three pathogens survived the long-lasting maturation phase without loss of viability. Heat evolved during composting was found to be the most important factor involved with sanitation of crop residues. The possible involvement of fungitoxic conversion products and microbial antagonism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Ceratodon (protonema ; tropism) ; Micro-gravity ; Phototropism ; Phytochrome ; Polarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Apical cells of protonemata of the moss Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. are negatively gravitropic in the dark and positively phototropic in red light. Various fluence rates of unilateral red light were tested to determine whether both tropisms operate simultaneously. At irradiances ≥140 nmol m−2 s−1 no gravitropism could be detected and phototropism predominated, despite the presence of amyloplast sedimentation. Gravitropism occurred at irradiances lower than 140 nmol m−2 s−1 with most cells oriented above the horizontal but not upright. At these low fluence rates, phototropism was indistinct at 1 g but apparent in microgravity, indicating that gravitropism and phototropism compete at 1 g. The frequency of protonemata that were negatively phototropic varied with the fluence rate and the duration of illumination, as well as with the position of the apical cell before illumination. These data show that the fluence rate of red light regulates whether gravitropism is allowed or completely repressed, and that it influences the polarity of phototropism and the extent to which apical cells are aligned in the light path.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 203 (1997), S. S23 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Basidiomycete ; Gravitropism ; Flammulina ; Microvesicle ; Positional information
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Gravitropic bending of fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Karst. is based on the differential growth of the transition zone between stem and cap. Reorientation becomes visible as early as 2 h after displacing the fruiting body from the vertical to the horizontal position. It is preceded by a preferential accumulation of microvesicles within the hyphae on the lower side of the transition zone and related to an increase in the vacuolar compartment required for hyphal extension. A model made of a bundle of interconnected balloons is used to demonstrate that a differential volume increase at one flank is sufficient to bend the entire structure in the opposite direction. Gravitropic raising of intact stems or segments derived from the transition zone requires positional information which can be accomplished by three major, coordinated events: (i) gravisensing by the individual hyphae within the transition zone, (ii) unidirectional signalling by means of a soluble growth factor creating a vertical concentration gradient, and (iii) translation of the concentration signal into elongation growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 46 (1996), S. 627-671 
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In these lectures the status of electromagnetic excitation of nucleon resonances is reviewed and some of the open problems of the structure and spectroscopy of light-quark baryons are discussed. The basic formalism for describing electromagnetic processes is introduced but not derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1995-11-13
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-10-26
    Description: : Three Pleistocene giant slope failures are observed in high-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection data off Southern Chile, two of which extend across the full width of the continental slope from the shelf break to the trench. With mobilized volumes between 253 km 3 and 472 km 3 , these slides are among the largest submarine landslides documented at active continental margins so far. Deposits of each of the slides are imaged as chaotic sequences in seismic reflection lines buried beneath well-stratified sediments in the Chile Trench. The ages of the three slides are about 0.25, 0.41 and 〉0.56 Ma. The main preconditioning factor for the slope instabilities seems to be local uplift of the continental slope that results in peculiarly high slope angles of up to 30°. Uplift of the marine and continental forearc of the study area is the result of shortening across upper plate faults and therefore a long-term continuous process. Slope instability seems to be an iterative process and failure is likely to recur.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Description: A large submarine slope failure, the Baiyun Slide Complex, has been discovered in the northern South China Sea. We describe the slide complex morphology, the seismic character of its structural elements and the slide evolution based on high-quality seismic reflection and multi-beam bathymetry data. The Baiyun Slide Complex has three major slide scars that show differences in headwall and sidewall geometry, the nature of the basal shear surfaces and the internal architecture of the deposits. From these observations, we propose a four-phase emplacement model. An extrapolation of the post-slide drape thickness (60 m) gives a rough age estimate for the mass transport events of 0.3 Ma. Pore pressure models for the unfailed continental slope in the vicinity of the Baiyun Slide are based on porosity measurements at nearby Ocean Drilling Program Site 1146. They show that excess pore pressure in slope sediments is anomalously high at a depth around 93 m, most probably as a consequence of a dramatic increase in sedimentation rates over the past 1.8 Ma. This excess pore pressure is proposed to be the major preconditioning factor for the slide initiation, possibly aided by volcano-tectonic activity and gas hydrate dissociation. The unfailed slope is stable under static conditions. However, a near-field earthquake of Mw 5 would suffice to induce a slope instability at c . 93 m depth.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-08-30
    Description: The Chile Trench of the convergent continental margin of Central Chile is a sediment-filled basin that stretches over 1500 km in a north–south direction. The sediment fill reflects latitudinal variations in climate as well as in the morphology and geology of Chile, but also of sediment transport processes to the trench and within the trench. We try to untangle these signals by calculating the total volume and the latitudinal volume distribution of trench sediments and by relating this distribution to a number of factors that affect this pattern. The volume calculation is based on a model geometry of the top of the subducting oceanic plate that is buried beneath trench sediments and the sea floor as measured by swath bathymetry. We obtain the model geometry of the subducting plate by interpolating between depth-converted seismic reflection profiles that cross the trench. The total volume of the trench fill between 32 and 46°S is calculated to be 46000 ± 500 km 3 . The resulting latitudinal volume distribution is best explained by a sedimentation model that alternates between (1) glacial phases of high sediment flux from Southern Chile combined with active latitudinal sediment transport within the trench and (2) interglacial phases over which sediment input is dominated by local factors. Supplementary material: Top of the oceanic basement (TOB) grid is available as ascii raw data files (xyz) at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18664 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 1979-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-6301
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-1872
    Topics: Economics
    Published by Elsevier
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