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  • 1
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    The E ring of Saturn and satellite Enceladus (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Photographic imagery from Pioneer and Voyager flyby satellites has been used to study the microphysical properties of Saturn's outermost E-ring, and to determine the physical relationship between the E-ring and the satellite Enceladus. The optical and infrared characteristics of the E-ring are explained in terms of Mie scattering of ice spheres with an effective diameter of 2 to 2.25 microns and an effective variance of 0.1 to 1.5. It is suggested that the E-ring is continuously replenished by volcanic eruptions on Enceladus, and recent tectonic evidence is cited in support of this hypothesis. A number of similarities in the relationship between the E-ring and Enceladus and Io and its torus are discussed, within the framework of a general model of outer solar system volcanism and planetary ring interaction.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 9459-947
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Macrostructure and microphysics of Saturn's E-ring (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Observed optical and infrared properties of Saturn's E-ring are explained in terms of Mie scattering by a narrow distribution of ice spheres with an effective diameter of 2 to 2.5 microns, and an effective variance of 0.1 to 0.15. The spherical shape of the ring particles and their narrow size distribution imply that they had a molten origin, followed by quick freezing. Continued replenishment of the E-ring by volcanic eruptions on Enceladus seems plausible. The vertical structure of the E-ring consists of many layers. The stratification of the particles may be due to electrostatic levitation, similar to that experienced by particles in the spokes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: CNES Planetary Rings; p 607-613
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Optical guidance vidicon test program (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A laboratory and field test program was conducted to quantify the optical navigation parameters of the Mariner vidicons. A scene simulator and a camera were designed and built for vidicon tests under a wide variety of conditions. Laboratory tests characterized error sources important to the optical navigation process and field tests verified star sensitivity and characterized comet optical guidance parameters. The equipment, tests and data reduction techniques used are described. Key test results are listed. A substantial increase in the understanding of the use of selenium vidicons as detectors for spacecraft optical guidance was achieved, indicating a reduction in residual offset errors by a factor of two to four to the single pixel level.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-148834 , JPL-TM-33-796
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Demonstration of optical navigation measurements on Mariner 10 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An experiment was performed on the Mariner 10 Venus/Mercury mission to assess the performance of the onboard television cameras and ground-based software used in the optical navigation measurement system. The elements of the system, calibration, and distortion are considered. The navigation technique requires detection of stars in the same field of view as the target body. The star detection capability is discussed with reference to required threshold, calibration factors, standard conditions, camera sensitivity, response uniformity, and the effect of image smearing. Tests conducted during the Mariner 10 encounters with Mercury demonstrated that a large bright planet can be imaged simultaneously with faint stars to provide accurate navigation data. Improvements are suggested in the system for the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 and later missions.
    Keywords: SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-86 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 20, 1975 - Jan 22, 1975; Pasadena, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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