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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1991-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0008-6223
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3891
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-02-01
    Print ISSN: 1865-7362
    Electronic ISSN: 1865-7389
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Deformation behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene skived film as a function of temperature. Part I: Tests on unnotched samples. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is suitable for use in anticorrosive linings of highly stressed chemical plant. The use of PTFE skived film which is cut to size and welded in place makes it possible to adapt lining techniques to the given geometric form of the steel parts to be lined. Considerable deformation of the PTFE skived film is necessary for such lining work, for example, at the intersection of a vessel body with a connecting pipe, at the crimp of a flange, etc. In order to avoid in such work nonuniformities and material damage such as cracks or overstraining, which leads to a tendency to crack when heated, and to avoid further processing difficulties as far as possible, the deformation behaviour under load of 4 mm thick PTFE skived film from four different manufacturers was studied in the tensile test at elevated temperatures between room temperature and 380°C. The film test not only yielded information about the material behaviour at temperatures of particularly good ductility, but also gave some idea of the similarities and differences between the properties of the PTFE skived films available on the market. Part I of this paper reports the test results obtained with unnotched test specimens and Part II will deal with the effects of notching. The conclusion derived from the present results is that pronounced deformations in PTFE skived film should be made at temperatures just under the crystalline melting point (327°C) and as near to it as possible since at this temperature the material is very ductile and shaping requires only small forces. Compared with deformation at room temperature, the shaping procedure becomes much less problematical even if PTFE skived film is heated to only 50…100 °C.
    Notes: Polytetrafluoräthylen-(PTFE) eignet sich für Korrosionsschutzauskleidungen hochbeanspruchter Chemieanlagen. Der Einsatz von PTFE-Schälfolie, die maßgerecht zugeschnitten und verschweißt wird, macht die Auskleidungstechnik anpassungsfähig an Gegebenheiten der auszukleidenden Stahlteile. Bei solchen Auskleidungsarbeiten muß die PTFE-Schälfolie z. B. an Stutzenaushalsungen, Flanschbördeln usw. erheblich verformt werden. Um dabei Ungleichmäßigkeiten und Werkstoffschädigungen wie Risse oder Überstreckungen, die zu Rißanfälligkeit bei Erwärmung führen, zu vermeiden und Verarbeitungserschwernisse möglichst zu umgehen, wurde das Kraft-Verformungsverhalten von 4 mm dicker PTFE-Schälfolie vier verschiedener Hersteller im Kurzzeitzerreißversuch zwischen Raumtemperatur und 380°C untersucht. Die Folienprüfung brachte nicht nur Erkenntnisse über die Temperaturbereiche besonders guter Materialduktillität, sondern vermittelte auch eine Vorstellung über Eigenschaftsunterschiede und Gleichmäßigkeit marktgängiger PTFE-Schälfolien. Teil I dieser Arbeit gibt an ungekerbten Proben gewonnene Versuchsergebnisse wieder, Teil II wird sich mit dem Einfluß von Kerben befassen. Aus den vorliegenden Ergebnissen ist zu folgern, daß starke Verformungen an PTFE-Schälfolie möglichst kurz unterhalb des Kristallitschmelzpunktes (327°C) durchgeführt werden sollten, da dort das Material sehr dehnungsfähig ist und nur geringe Verformungskräfte erforderlich sind. Gegenüber einer Formgebung bei Raumtemperatur wird der Verformungsvorgang auch schon durch Erwärmung der PTFE-Schälfolie auf 50…100 °C viel problemloser.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Deformation Behaviour of Skived PTFE Film as a Function of Temperature. Tests on Material with Artificial DefectsWhen manufacturing anti-corrosion liners made from skived PTFE film for use in chemical engineering equipment, a knowledge of the force-deformation behaviour of this skived film is a necessary pre-requisite for a successful operation marked by a low level of scrap. A particularly important factor is a knowledge of the effects of notch-like surface injuries to the film, such as can occur during manufacture and handling of this scratch-sensitive material. Tensile tests on specimens of PTFE skived film that had been prepared with defined pierced and cutted notches showed that in the temperature range between room temperature and 380°C surface notches have an adverse effect on tensile stress and elongation at break up to the melting point, but in particular below 100°C. Strength and deformability of notched specimens fall sharply as the temperature drops to room temperature. A notch 0.2 mm in depth, cut in a 4 mm thick skived PTFE film, can reduce ultimate stress and elongation at break at room temperature to about half the level of an unnotched specimen. Since in the case of PTFE, a soft sintered material, the occurrence of notchlike defects can never be completely ruled out, their effect on the manufacture of anticorrosion liners made from skived film should be mitigated by increasing the processing temperature. Under the application conditions that are often marked by elevated temperature and result in relatively slight film deformation, the notch problem can probably be rated as less critical that during the actual manufacture and fitting of the anticorrosion liners, when high localized stretching of the skived PTFE film often must be accepted.
    Notes: Bei der Herstellung von Korrosionsschutzlinern aus PTFE-Schälfolie für Apparate der Chemietechnik sind für eine erfolgreiche, durch wenig Ausschuß gekenneichnete Arbeit Kenntnisse über das Kraft-Verformungs-Verhalten dieser Schälfolie erforderlich. Besonders wichtig ist dabei das Wissen über die Auswirkungen von kerbartigen Oberflächenverletzungen der Folie, wie sie bei der Herstellung und Handhabung dieses kratzempfindlichen Halbzeuges entstehen können. Zerreißversuche an Proben aus PTFE-Schälfolie, die mit definierten Stich- und Schnittkerben versehen worden waren, ergaben im Temperaturbereich zwischen Raumtemperatur und 380°C, daß sich Oberflächenkerben bis hinauf zum Kristallitschmelzpunkt auf Bruchfestigkeit und Reißdehung nachteilig auswirken, besonders jedoch unterhalb 100°C. Festigkeit und Verformbarkeit gekerbter Proben fallen zur Raumtemperatur hin steil ab. Ein 0,2 mm tiefer Schnitt in einer 4 mm dicken PTFE-Schälfolie kann die Bruchspannung und Reißdehnung bei Raumtemperatur auf etwa den halben Wert einer ungekerbten Probe senken. Da bei PTFE, einem weichen Sinterwerkstoff, kerbartige Fehlstellen nie ganz auszuschließen sind, sollten ihre Auswirkungen bei der Herstellung von Korrosionsschutzlinern aus Schälfolie durch erhöhte Verarbeitungstemperaturen entschärft werden. Bei den meist durch höhere Temperaturen gekennzeichneten Einsatzbedingungen, welche an der Folie relativ geringfügige Verformungen verursachen, dürfte das Kerbproblem weniger kritisch zu bewerten sein als beim Herstellen und Montieren der Korrosionsschutzliner. Dabei müssen nämlich oft hohe lokale Verstreckungen der PTFE-Schälfolie in Kauf genommen werden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Under what conditions are anticorrosion liners made from fluorinated plastic film effective? Equipment lined with fluorinated plastics is nowadays making a major contribution to the solution of difficult materials problems. If such equipment is to be used successfully, it is essential that its manufacturer is familiar with the specific properties of the lining materials and takes them into account in the design and production of the equipment. However, it is just as important for the operator to adjust to the material when operating the plant. On the basis of many years of experience, the most important problems associated with loose liners made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) - viz. leakproofness and permeability of the liner, flange system, dimensional stability towards vacuum, handling, and installation - are indicated and possible solutions stated.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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