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  • 1
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    Deuterium Content and Site Occupancy in Iron Sulfide at High Pressure and Temperature Determined Using In Situ Neutron Diffraction Measurements (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-06
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉We have performed in situ time‐of‐flight neutron diffraction experiments to examine the uptake of deuterium in iron monosulfide at pressures up to 11.4 GPa and temperatures to 1300 K. A D〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 fluid was formed in the experiments through the decomposition of ND〈sub〉3〈/sub〉BD〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, resulting in an oxygen fugacity of approximately 1.2 log units below the iron‐wüstite buffer. Deuterium positions and site occupancies were determined in FeS V, using Rietveld refinements of the powder neutron diffraction patterns. Our structural model indicates that two normally unoccupied sites in the 〈italic〉P〈/italic〉6〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/〈italic〉mmc〈/italic〉 FeS V structure, at Wyckoff positions 〈italic〉6h〈/italic〉 and 〈italic〉4f〈/italic〉, are partially occupied by D atoms, with the latter being more dominant. The deuterium content D〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 in FeSD〈sub〉X〈/sub〉 increases with both pressure and temperature over the experimental conditions explored, from 0.126 (14) at 2.3 GPa and 787 K to 1.20 (16) at 9.7 GPa and 1300 K. The unit‐cell volume expansion per deuterium atom is 1.53 ± 0.16 Å〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 at 6.9 GPa and 960 K, which is smaller than that determined for metallic iron phases at similar conditions. The variation in unit‐cell volume indicates that most deuterium is lost from FeS V upon temperature quenching at high‐pressures. By fitting the obtained FeS V deuterium site occupancies to a thermodynamic model, estimates for the hydrogen contents of iron monosulfide at conditions and oxygen fugacities consistent with the base of the cratonic lithosphere can be made. This results in values in the range of 1,700–2,700 ppm, which contribute to approximately 2–3 ppm hydrogen in the bulk mantle.〈/p〉
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Small amounts of iron sulfide minerals are found in most rocks from the Earth's mantle and as inclusions trapped in natural diamonds. Hydrogen may dissolve into iron sulfide minerals under high pressures and temperature, but is most likely lost once pressure and temperature are removed. In this study, we determined deuterium contents (deuterium was used as a proxy for hydrogen as it has better neutron scattering properties) in iron sulfide, held under high pressure and temperature conditions, using neutron diffraction measurements. Our results show that the amount of deuterium in iron sulfide increases with both pressure and temperature, but the deuterium is lost on recovery to room conditions. The results are used to estimate hydrogen contents of iron sulfide minerals in the deep continental lithospheric mantle, which are found to be in the range 1,700–2,700 ppm. This corresponds to approximately 2–3 ppm of hydrogen in the bulk mantle.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Deuterium contents in iron sulfide were measured at high‐〈italic〉P〈/italic〉, up to 11.4 GPa and high‐〈italic〉T〈/italic〉 to 1300 K in in situ neutron diffraction experiments〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉The total deuterium content, D〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 in FeSD〈sub〉X〈/sub〉, increases with both 〈italic〉P〈/italic〉 and 〈italic〉T〈/italic〉, from 0.126 (14) at 2.3 GPa and 787 K to 1.20 (16) at 9.7 GPa and 1300 K〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉A thermodynamic model shows that the hydrogen contents of iron monosulfide at the base of the cratonic lithosphere could be 1,700–2,700 ppm〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21820677.v2
    Keywords: ddc:550.724 ; iron monosulfide ; neutron diffraction ; deuterium ; Earth's mantle
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Elevated Production of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species via Hyperthermia Enhanced Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines MDA-MB-453 and MCF-7 (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: Hyperthermia (HT) treatment is a noninvasive cancer therapy, often used with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Compared with 37 °C, 42 °C is mild heat stress for cells and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria. To involve subsequent intracellular accumulation of DOX, we have previously reported that the expression of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), an exporter of doxorubicin (DOX), was suppressed by a larger amount of intracellular mitochondrial ROS. We then hypothesized that the additive effect of HT and chemotherapy would be induced by the downregulation of ABCG2 expression via intracellular ROS increase. We used human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453, incubated at 37 °C or 42 °C for 1 h to clarify this hypothesis. Intracellular ROS production after HT was detected via electron spin resonance (ESR), and DOX cytotoxicity was calculated. Additionally, ABCG2 expression in whole cells was analyzed using Western blotting. We confirmed that the ESR signal peak with HT became higher than that without HT, indicating that the intracellular ROS level was increased by HT. ABCG2 expression was downregulated by HT, and cells were injured after DOX treatment. DOX cytotoxicity enhancement with HT was considered a result of ABCG2 expression downregulation via the increase of ROS production. HT increased intracellular ROS production and downregulated ABCG2 protein expression, leading to cell damage enhancement via DOX.
    Print ISSN: 1661-6596
    Electronic ISSN: 1422-0067
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 3
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    Regional and sex differences in retinal detachment surgery: Japan-retinal detachment registry report (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-18
    Description: It is known that social factors affect the choice of treatments, and special attention has been paid to sex differences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether regional and sex differences exist in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD). We used Japan-RD Registry database of 2523 patients aged ≥ 40 years between February 2016 and March 2017 in 5 Japanese regions. Regional differences of patients’ perioperative factors were analyzed. The factors affecting the proportion of patients who underwent surgery within one week of the onset, defined as early-surgery, were examined by logistic regression. We observed regional differences in perioperative factors, especially in the use of phacovitrectomy, general anesthesia, and air-tamponade, which was higher in certain regions. (Fisher’s exact test, all P = 0.012) The proportion of early-surgery was significantly higher among men in Kyushu region (Odds ratio (OR) 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–3.12; P = 0.02), and it was also significantly higher after adjusting for covariates (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.06–3.42; P = 0.02). Regional and sex differences exist in the treatment of RD in Japan. Although there was no significant differences in the anatomical outcomes, women in certain regions of Japan are less likely to receive early surgical intervention for RD.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    High-temperature viscosity measurements of hydrous albite liquid using in-situ falling sphere viscometry at 2.5 GPa (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: In-situ falling-sphere viscometry using shadow radiography in a multianvil apparatus was conducted on a series of samples along the NaAlSi3O8–H2O join up to 2.8 wt.% H2O at the Spring-8 synchrotron radiation facility (Hyogo, Japan). This allowed us to determine viscosities normally too low to be measured at ambient pressure for hydrous silicate melts at high temperatures due to rapid devolatilization. Pressure was fixed at 2.5 GPa for all experiments allowing us to gauge the effect of chemical composition on viscosity. In particular, the series of samples allowed us to vary the melt's degree of polymerization while maintaining a constant Al to Si ratio. Our results show that, for all samples, viscosity decreases as a function of pressure between 1 atm and 2.5 GPa at 1550 °C, indicating that the pressure anomaly can still be observed as depolymerization of the melt increases from nominally 0 (dry albite liquid) to NBO/T=0.8 (assuming water speciation entirely as hydroxyl groups at experimental conditions). We also find that the magnitude of the decrease in viscosity over this pressure interval does not appear to be dependent on the amount of water in the melt (i.e., NBO/T). An explanation for this behavior might be that the molar volume, at least over this limited compositional range, is nearly constant and the effects of compression of these melts, though different in degree of polymerization, are similar.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2-9
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Viscosity ; Silicate melts ; High pressure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Desorption behavior of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in sand collected from Yotsukura Beach in Fukushima prefecture (2020)
    The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nagao, S., Terasaki, S., Ochiai, S., Fukushi, K., Tomihara, S., Charette, M. A., & Buesseler, K. O. Desorption behavior of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in sand collected from Yotsukura Beach in Fukushima prefecture. Analytical Sciences, 36(5), (2020): 569-575, doi:10.2116/analsci.19SBP08.
    Description: Beach sand samples were collected along a coastal area 32 km south of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, 5 years after the FDNPP accident. Desorption experiments were performed on the sand samples using seawater in a batch experimental system to understand the forms of existence of radiocesium in sand and their desorption behavior in a coastal environment. The percentage of radiocesium desorption decreased exponentially with an increase in the number of desorption experiments for the four sand samples, with 137Cs radioactivity from 16 to 1077 Bq kg−1 at surface and deeper layers from three sites. Total desorption percentage ranged from 19 to 58% in 12 desorption experiments. The results indicate that the weak adsorption varies with the sampling sites and their depth layer. To understand the desorption behavior of radiocesium in the sand samples, the desorption experiments were performed for a sand sample by using natural and artificial seawater, and NaCl solution in the presence and absence of KCl. The 137Cs desorption from the sand collected at a depth of 100 – 105 cm from the ground surface (137Cs radioactivity 1052 ± 25 Bq kg−1) was 0.1% by ultrapure water, 3.7% by 1/4 seawater and 7.1% by 1/2 seawater, 2.2% by 470 mM NaCl solution (corresponding to a similar concentration of seawater) and 10 – 12% by seawater, artificial seawater and 470 mM NaCl + 8 mM KCl solution. These results indicate that about 10% of radiocesium adsorbed on the sand is mainly desorbed by ion exchange of potassium ion in seawater, though the concentration of major cation, or sodium ion, in seawater makes a small contribution on 137Cs desorption from the sand samples.
    Description: This study was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for scientific research (2411008) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We thank Kousuke Yoshida, Maxi Castrillejo and Nuria Casacuberta for the help with beach sampling.
    Keywords: Cs ; Beach sand ; Ion exchange ; Potassium ion ; Groundwater ; Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
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    Extraocular, rod-like photoreceptors in a flatworm express xenopsin photopigment (2020)
    eLife Sciences Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Rawlinson, K. A., Lapraz, F., Ballister, E. R., Terasaki, M., Rodgers, J., McDowell, R. J., Girstmair, J., Criswell, K. E., Boldogkoi, M., Simpson, F., Goulding, D., Cormie, C., Hall, B., Lucas, R. J., & Telford, M. J. Extraocular, rod-like photoreceptors in a flatworm express xenopsin photopigment. Elife, 8, (2019): e45465, doi: 10.7554/eLife.45465.
    Description: Animals detect light using opsin photopigments. Xenopsin, a recently classified subtype of opsin, challenges our views on opsin and photoreceptor evolution. Originally thought to belong to the Gαi-coupled ciliary opsins, xenopsins are now understood to have diverged from ciliary opsins in pre-bilaterian times, but little is known about the cells that deploy these proteins, or if they form a photopigment and drive phototransduction. We characterized xenopsin in a flatworm, Maritigrella crozieri, and found it expressed in ciliary cells of eyes in the larva, and in extraocular cells around the brain in the adult. These extraocular cells house hundreds of cilia in an intra-cellular vacuole (phaosome). Functional assays in human cells show Maritigrella xenopsin drives phototransduction primarily by coupling to Gαi. These findings highlight similarities between xenopsin and c-opsin and reveal a novel type of opsin-expressing cell that, like jawed vertebrate rods, encloses the ciliary membrane within their own plasma membrane.
    Description: We thank Andrew Gillis and Ariane Dimitris for help in the field, Kasia Hammar, Paul Linser, Anne Zakrzewski and Sidney Tamm for support in electron microscopy fixation, analysis and interpretation, Elaine Seaver and Danielle de Jong for helping to establish an in situ hybridization protocol for the Maritigrella crozieri larval stage, and Matthew Berriman and Michael Akam (Isaac Newton Trust grant (15.4(n)) for support in securing funding to complete this work. We thank the two reviewers whose comments and suggestions helped improve and clarify this manuscript. The research was supported by a a Wellcome Trust Janet Thornton Fellowship (WT206194) to KR, a research exchange award to KR through the EDEN NSF Network (National Foundation Grant Number IOS-0955517 to Cassandra G Extavour), a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research grant (A5056) to BKH and by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant (BB/H006966/1) (FL) and a Leverhulme Trust grant (F/07 134/DA) to MT. MT is supported by European Research Council (ERC-2012-AdG 322790).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 7
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    From Predictability to Controllability: Control Simulation Experiment (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-17
    Description: The Observing Systems Simulation Experiment (OSSE) is a powerful approach to evaluate observing systems and data assimilation methods in numerical weather prediction (NWP). In this study, we extend the OSSE and design the Control Simulation Experiment (CSE), in which we add perturbations to the nature run (NR) and try to modify it to a desired state. Investigating what perturbations are effective to avoid a high-impact weather event would be useful to understand the controllability of such an event. Since the weather system is chaotic, and even more so for disturbances, small differences generally lead to big differences, particularly for high-impact weather events. This suggests potentially effective control, i.e., small interventions would lead to big differences for high-impact weather events. We first tested this idea with the Lorenz-63 3-variable model and found an effective approach to control the trajectory to stay in one side of the Lorenz’s butterfly attractor without shifting to the other. Next, we tested with the Lorenz-96 40-variable model to avoid the occurrences of extreme values, mimicking to avoid extreme events in NWP. Finally, we further extended the idea to test with realistic global and regional NWP models for a typhoon case and a local heavy rainfall case, respectively. This presentation will summarize the concept and methodology of CSE with some proof-of-concept demonstrations with the toy models and realistic NWP models. This is an attempt to a potential paradigm change of NWP research from decades of predictability to the new era of controllability.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential binding of thyroxine and triiodothyronine to acidic isoforms of thyroid hormone binding globulin in human serum (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 27 (1988), S. 3624-3628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00410a015
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of high-resolution electron microscopy in the identification and characterization of new crystalline, microporous materials: "reading off" the structure and symmetry elements of pentasil molecular sieves (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 1 (1989), S. 158-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00001a028
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of spatially correlated intergrowths of faujasitic polytypes and the pure end members by high-resolution electron microscopy (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 5 (1993), S. 452-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00028a010
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