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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: 3424-4-A; 3428-6-A; 3429-3-A; 36/4TV-G; Age, dated; Age, dated standard deviation; AT3-35B; Atlantis (1997); Calculated; Event label; Fractionation factor; HYDROTRACE; Location type; Manipulator arm; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 252; Oregon Vent; Remote operated vehicle; ROV; ROV_MA; Sample code/label; SO109/1; SO109/1_36-4; SO148/1; SO148/1_565-7; SO148/1_570-1; SO148/2; SO148/2_571-2; Sonne; Stage; TECFLUX II; Television-Grab; Temperature, calculated; TVG; Δδ18O; δ18O, carbonate; δ18O, standard deviation; δ18O, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 168 data points
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  • 2
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Teichert, Barbara M A; Bohrmann, Gerhard; Suess, Erwin (2005): Chemoherms on Hydrate Ridge - Unique microbially mediated carbonate build-ups growing into the water column. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 227(1-3), 67-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.04.029
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Two active chemoherm build-ups growing freely up into the oceanic water column, the Pinnacle and the South East-Knoll Chemoherms, have been discovered at Hydrate Ridge on the Cascadia continental margin. These microbially-mediated carbonate formations rise above the seafloor by several tens of meters and display a pinnacle-shaped morphology with steep flanks. The recovered rocks are pure carbonates dominated by aragonite. Based on fabric and mineralogic composition different varieties of authigenic aragonite can be distinguished. Detailed visual and petrographic investigations unambiguously reveal the involvement of microbes during the formation of the carbonates. The fabric of the cryptocrystalline and fibrous aragonite can be described as thrombolitic. Fossilized microbial filaments in the microcrystalline aragonite indicate the intimate relationship between microbes and carbonates. The strongly 13C-depleted carbon isotope values of the samples (as low as -48.1 per mill PDB) are characteristic of methane as the major carbon source for the carbonate formation. The methane-rich fluids from which the carbonates are precipitated originate most probably from a gas reservoir below the bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) and rise through fault systems. The d18O values of the aragonitic chemoherm carbonates are substantially higher (as high as 5.0 per mill PDB) than the expected equilibrium value for an aragonite forming from ambient seawater (3.5 per mill PDB). As a first approximation this indicates formation from glacial ocean water but other factors are considered as well. A conceptual model is presented for the precipitation of these chemoherm carbonates based on in situ observations and the detailed petrographic investigation of the carbonates. This model explains the function of the consortium of archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria that grows on the carbonates performing anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and enabling the precipitation of the chemoherms above the seafloor surrounded by oxic seawater. Beggiatoa mats growing on the surface of the chemoherms oxidize the sulfide provided by sulfate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane within an oxic environment. The contact between Beggiatoa and the underlying microbial consortium represents the interface between the overlying oxic water column and an anoxic micro-environment where carbonate formation takes place.
    Keywords: 3422-11-1; 3424-4-A; 3424-4-C; 3428-6-A; 3429-3-A; ALVIN; AT3-35B; Atlantis (1997); Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Elevation of event; Event label; Latitude of event; Location type; Longitude of event; Manipulator arm; MARUM; Ocean Floor Observation System; OFOS; OFOS-6; Remote operated vehicle; ROV; ROV_MA; Sample code/label; SO148/1; SO148/1_26; SO148/1_565-7; SO148/1_570-1; SO148/1_570-3; SO148/2; SO148/2_570-6; SO148/2_570-9; SO148/2_571-2; Sonne; Submersible Alvin; TECFLUX II; δ13C, carbonate; δ13C, standard deviation; δ18O, carbonate; δ18O, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 264 data points
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  • 3
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Teichert, Barbara M A; Eisenhauer, Anton; Bohrmann, Gerhard; Haase-Schramm, Alexandra; Bock, Barbara; Linke, Peter (2003): U/Th systematics and ages of authigenic carbonates from Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Margin: Recorders of fluid flow variations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(20), 3845-3857, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00128-5
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: Uranium (U) concentrations and activity ratios (d234U) of authigenic carbonates are sensitive recorders of different fluid compositions at submarine seeps of hydrocarbon-rich fluids ("cold seeps") at Hydrate Ridge, off the coast of Oregon, USA. The low U concentrations (mean: 1.3 ± 0.4 µg/g) and high 234U values (165-317 per mil) of gas hydrate carbonates reflect the influence of sedimentary pore water indicating that these carbonates were formed under reducing conditions below or at the seafloor. Their 230Th/234U ages span a time interval from 0.8 to 6.4 ka and cluster around 1.2 and 4.7 ka. In contrast, chemoherm carbonates precipitate from marine bottom water marked by relatively high U concentrations (mean: 5.2 ± 0.8 µg/g) and a mean d234U ratio of 166 ± 3 per mil. Their U isotopes reflect the d234U ratios of the bottom water being enriched in 234U relative to normal seawater. Simple mass balance calculations based on U concentrations and their corresponding d234U ratios reveal a contribution of about 11% of sedimentary pore water to the bottom water. From the U pore water flux and the reconstructed U pore water concentration a mean flow rate of about 147 ± 68 cm/a can be estimated. 230Th/234U ages of chemoherm carbonates range from 7.3 to 267.6 ka. 230Th/234U ages of two chemoherms (Alvin and SE-Knoll chemoherm) correspond to time intervals of low sealevel stands in marine isotope stages (MIS) 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. This observation indicates that fluid flow at cold seep sites sensitively reflects pressure changes of the hydraulic head in the sediments. The d18OPDB ratios of the chemoherm carbonates support the hypothesis of precipitation during glacial times. Deviations of the chemoherm d18O values from the marine d18O record can be interpreted as to reflect temporally and spatially varying bottom water and/or vent fluid temperatures during carbonate precipitation between 2.6 and 8.6°C.
    Keywords: 3424-4-A; 3428-6-A; 3429-3-A; 36/4TV-G; AT3-35B; Atlantis (1997); Bottom water sampler; BWS; Gravity corer (Kiel type); HYDROTRACE; Manipulator arm; Multicorer with television; Ocean Floor Observation System; OFOS; OFOS-6; Oregon Vent; Remote operated vehicle; ROV; ROV_MA; SL; SO109/1; SO109/1_36-4; SO143_21-2; SO143_221-2; SO143_222; SO143_55-2; SO143_55-5; SO143_56-1; SO143_60-1; SO143/1b; SO143/3; SO148/1; SO148/1_26; SO148/1_565-7; SO148/1_566-1; SO148/1_570-1; SO148/2; SO148/2_570-9; SO148/2_571-1; SO148/2_571-2; SO148/2_571-3; Sonne; TECFLUX I; TECFLUX II; Television-Grab; TVG; TVMUC
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 3424-4-A; 3428-6-A; 3429-3-A; 36/4TV-G; Age, dated; Age, dated standard deviation; AT3-35B; Atlantis (1997); Bottom water sampler; BWS; Calculated; Comment; Event label; Gravity corer (Kiel type); HYDROTRACE; Location type; Manipulator arm; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 262 RPQ Plus; Multicorer with television; Ocean Floor Observation System; OFOS; OFOS-6; Oregon Vent; Remote operated vehicle; ROV; ROV_MA; Sample code/label; SL; SO109/1; SO109/1_36-4; SO143_21-2; SO143_221-2; SO143_222; SO143_55-2; SO143_55-5; SO143_56-1; SO143_60-1; SO143/1b; SO143/3; SO148/1; SO148/1_26; SO148/1_565-7; SO148/1_566-1; SO148/1_570-1; SO148/2; SO148/2_570-9; SO148/2_571-1; SO148/2_571-2; SO148/2_571-3; Sonne; TECFLUX I; TECFLUX II; Television-Grab; Thorium-230; Thorium-230, standard deviation; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio, standard deviation; Thorium-230/Uranium-234 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Uranium-234 activity ratio, standard deviation; TVG; TVMUC; Uranium-238; Uranium-238, standard deviation; δ234 Uranium; δ234 Uranium, standard deviation; δ234 Uranium (0)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 534 data points
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Teichert, Barbara M A; Gussone, Nikolaus; Eisenhauer, Anton; Bohrmann, Gerhard (2005): Clathrites - Archives of near-seafloor pore fluid evolution (d44/40Ca, d13C, d18O) in gas hydrate environments. Geology, 33(3), 213-216, https://doi.org/10.1130/G21317.1
    Publication Date: 2023-07-05
    Description: Aragonitic clathrites are methane-derived precipitates that are found at sites of massive near-seafloor gas hydrate (clathrate) accumulations at the summit of southern Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia margin. These platy carbonate precipitates form inside or in proximity to gas hydrate, which in our study site currently coexists with a fluid that is highly enriched in dissolved ions as salts are excluded during gas hydrate formation. The clathrites record the preferential incorporation of 18O into the hydrate structure and hence the enrichment of 16O in the surrounding brine. We measured d18O values as high as 2.27 per mil relative to Peedee belemnite that correspond to a fluid composition of -1.18 per mil relative to standard mean ocean water. The same trend can be observed in Ca isotopes. Ongoing clathrite precipitation causes enrichment of the 44Ca in the fluid and hence in the carbonates. Carbon isotopes confirm a methane source for the carbonates. Our triple stable isotope approach that uses the three main components of carbonates (Ca, C, O) provides insight into multiple parameters influencing the isotopic composition of the pore water and hence the isotopic composition of the clathrites. This approach provides a tool to monitor the geochemical processes during clathrate and clathrite formation, thus recording the evolution of the geochemical environment of gas hydrate systems.
    Keywords: Calculated, see reference(s); Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Elevation of event; Event label; Finnigan TRITON thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS); Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MARUM; Sample code/label; Sample code/label 2; SO143_21-2; SO143_222; SO143_56-1; SO143/1b; SO143/3; SO148/1; SO148/1_36; Sonne; TECFLUX I; TECFLUX II; Television-Grab; TVG; TV-G-1; δ13C, clathrite; δ18O, clathrite; δ18O, water; δ44/40 Ca
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 144 data points
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lin, Zhiyong; Sun, Xiaoming; Peckmann, Jörn; Lu, Yang; Xu, Li; Strauss, Harald; Zhou, Haoyang; Gong, Junli; Lu, Hongfeng; Teichert, Barbara M A (2016): How sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane affects the sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite: A SIMS study from the South China Sea. Chemical Geology, 440, 26-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.07.007
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Description: Sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SO4-AOM) in marine sediments commonly leads to the precipitation of pyrite. It is, however, frequently challenging to unequivocally unravel the entire history of pyritization, because of the common coexistence of SO4-AOM derived pyrite with pyrite resulting from organiclastic sulfate reduction (OSR). To better understand how SO4-AOM affects pyritization in methane-bearing sediments and how this can be identified, we applied secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) to analyze the sulfur isotope composition (d34S) of authigenic pyrite in addition to sulfur isotope measurements of bulk sulfide and hand-picked pyrite aggregates from the two seafloor sites, HS148 and HS217, in the Shenhu seepage area, South China Sea. Authigenic, mostly tubular pyrite aggregates from these sites consist of three types of pyrite: framboids, zoned aggregates with radial overgrowths surrounding a framboidal core, and euhedral pyrite crystals. Framboids with low SIMS d34S values (as low as - 41.6 per mil at HS148, and - 38.8 per mil at HS217) are dispersed throughout the cores, but are especially abundant in the shallow part of the sedimentary column (i.e. above 483 cmbsf in HS148; above 670 cmbsf in HS217). These patterns are interpreted to reflect the dominance of OSR during early diagenetic processes in the shallow sediments. With increasing depth, both d34S values of bulk sulfide minerals and hand-picked pyrite aggregates increase sharply at 483 cmbsf in core HS148, and at 700 cmbsf in core HS217, respectively. Radial pyrite overgrowths and euhedral crystals become abundant at depth typified by high d34S values for hand-picked pyrite. Moreover, SIMS analysis reveals an extreme variability of d34S values for the three pyrite types on a small scale in these zones. Besides some moderately 34S enriched framboids, most of the overgrowths and euhedral crystals display extremely high SIMS d34S values (as high as + 114.8 per mil at HS148, and + 74.3 per mil at HS217), representing the heaviest stable sulfur isotope composition of pyrite ever reported to the best of our knowledge. Such an abrupt and extreme increase in d34Spyrite values with depth is best explained by an enrichment of 34S in the pool of dissolved sulfide caused by SO4-AOM in the sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ). The increase in d34S values from framboidal cores to overgrowth layers and euhedral crystals indicates continuous, and finally near to complete exhaustion of dissolved sulfate at the SMTZ following a Rayleigh distillation process. SO4-AOM allowed for subsequent growth of later stage pyrite over the initial framboids, part of which formed earlier and at shallower depth by OSR. The combination of a detailed petrographic study of authigenic pyrite with SIMS analysis of stable sulfur isotopes in organic-rich strata proves to be a powerful tool for reconstructing the dynamics of sulfur cycling in modern and, potentially, ancient sedimentary sequences.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Keywords: Carbon, organic, total; Chromium reducible sulfides; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Event label; HS148; HS217; Methane; PC; Piston corer; Sulfate; δ34S, chromium reducible sulfur; δ34S, pyrite
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 357 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Keywords: Average; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Event label; Grain quartile 1; Grain quartile 3; Grain size, maximum; Grain size, minimum; HS148; HS217; Median, grain size; Number; PC; Piston corer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 135 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Keywords: Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Event label; HS148; HS217; PC; Piston corer; Pyrite; Sample ID; δ34S; δ34S, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 966 data points
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Teichert, Barbara M A; Torres, Marta E; Bohrmann, Gerhard; Eisenhauer, Anton (2005): Fluid sources, fluid pathways and diagenetic reactions across an accretionary prism revealed by Sr and B geochemistry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 239(1-2), 106-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.08.002
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: ODP Leg 204, which drilled at Hydrate Ridge, provides unique insights into the fluid regime of an accretionary complex and delineates specific sub-seafloor pathways for fluid transport. Compaction and dewatering due to smectite-illite transition increase with distance from the toe of the accretionary prism and bring up fluids from deep within the accretionary complex to sampled depths (〈= 600 mbsf). These fluids have a distinctly non-radiogenic strontium isotope signature indicating reaction with the oceanic basement. Boron isotopes are also consistent with a deep fluid source that has been modified by desorption of heavy boron as clay minerals change from smectite to illite. One of three major horizons serves as conduit for the transport of mainly fluid. Our results enable us to evaluate fluid migration pathways that play important roles on massive gas hydrate accumulations and seepage of methane-rich fluids on southern Hydrate Ridge.
    Keywords: 168-1026C; 168-1027C; 204-1244C; 204-1245; 204-1248; 204-1251B; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Joides Resolution; Juan de Fuca Ridge, North Pacific Ocean; Leg168; Leg204; North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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