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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 61 (1992), S. 373-382 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: 65R20 ; 45D05
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We discuss the application of a class of spline collocation methods to first-order Volterra integro-differential equations (VIDEs) which contain a weakly singular kernel (t−s)−α with 0〈α〈1. It will be shown that superconvergence properties may be obtained by using appropriate collocation parameters and graded meshes. The grading exponents of graded meshes used are not greater thanm (the polynomial degree) which is independent of α. This is in contrast to the theories of spline collocation methods for Volterra (or Fredholm) integral equation of the second kind. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1153-1155 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have examined Si-doping effects in InGaN/InGaN quantum-well (QW) structures, especially the influence of Si-doped InGaN barrier layers on the growth mechanism of QW structures, by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy. Our AFM observations revealed that Si-doped InGaN barriers strongly affect the growth mode of overlying InGaN QW layers. This effect leads to the formation of nanoscale islands (with a density of 108 cm−2) due to spiral growth of the QW layers. The spirally grown nanoscale islands significantly increase the PL intensity. Through spatially resolved CL observations, we found that the number of dot-like CL bright spots increased dramatically when the barrier layers were Si doped, and the increased density of the spots was in good agreement with the increased density of the nanoscale islands observed by AFM. By combining these results, we show that the spirally grown QW structures produced by Si doping of the barriers effectively reduce the fluctuation of the band-gap potential in InGaN QW layers. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 2485-2488 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The pressure-composition (P-C) isotherms of protium and deuterium in Pd sponge particles have been measured over a temperature range from 278K to 323K. Based on these data and combined with literature data, the relationship between the Pd crystal type, particle size and thermodynamic properties in the Pd-H system was investigated. The saturation solubility of hydrogen in solid solutionregion ( a-phase) and the absorption plateau pressure increase with the decreasing Pd particle size at ambient temperature, but the desorption plateau pressure does not change with Pd morphology. The effect of Pd morphology on above two parameters gets weaker at higher temperature and the difference of plateau pressure among several different Pd morphologies disappears at highertemperature, such as 373K. The absolute value of phase transformation enthalpy and entropy from solid solution phase to hydride phase decrease with the decreasing particle size of Pd, but which are the smallest in single crystal Pd. The degree of hysteresis effect in Pd-H system depends on the background density in the sample, so it is the strongest in Pd sponge
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of scientific computing 15 (2000), S. 173-195 
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Keywords: relaxation scheme ; nonlinear conservation laws ; maximum principle ; convergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We consider the convergence and stability property of MUSCL relaxing schemes applied to conservation laws with stiff source terms. The maximum principle for the numerical schemes will be established. It will be also shown that the MUSCL relaxing schemes are uniformly l 1- and TV-stable in the sense that they are bounded by a constant independent of the relaxation parameter ε, the Lipschitz constant of the stiff source term and the time step Δt. The Lipschitz constant of the l 1 continuity in time for the MUSCL relaxing schemes is shown to be independent of ε and Δt. The convergence of the relaxing schemes to the corresponding MUSCL relaxed schemes is then established.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Verträglichkeit von Blends eines mit Polymethylmethacrylat gepfropften linearen Polyethylens niedriger Dichte (LLDPE-g-PMMA, G-3) mit Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVF2) wurde mittels Differentialkalorimetrie, Fourier-Transform-Infrarot-spektroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Röntgen-Photoelektronenspektroskopie untersucht und mit der von LLDPE/PVF2-Blends verglichen. Die spezifischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen den PMMA-Seitenketten und PVF2 sind in den binären G-3/PVF2-Blends schwächer als zwischen den Homopolymeren PMMA und PVF2. PVF2, liegt in der Schmelze des G-3/PVF2 (60/40 w/w)-Blends sowohl in reiner Phase als auch in Wechselwirkung mit den PMMA-Seitenketten vor. Die Mischbarkeit zwischen den PMMA-Seitenketten und PVF, beeinflußt die Kristallisation von PVF2. LLDPE-g-PMMA wirkt als guter Phasenvermittler in LLDPE/PVF2-Blends, wobei es die Grenzfláchenadhäsion und die Dispersion in letzterem verbessert. Die Diffusion der PMMA-Seitenketten in PVF2 an der Grenzfläche verringert die Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit und führt zu einer Erniedrigung des Schmelzpunktes und der Kristallisationstemperatur des PVF2 in den Blends.
    Notes: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the miscibility of blends of a graft copolymer of poly(methyl methacrylate) on linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-PMMA, G-3) with poly(vinylidene fluoride)Systematic name: poly(1,1-difluoroethylene).(PVF2) and the compatibilization of blends of LLDPE/PVF2. The specific interaction between PMMA side chains and PVF2 in G-3/PVF2 binary blends is weaker than that between the homopolymers PMMA and PVF2. There are two states of PVF2 in the melt of a G-3/PVF2 (60/40, w/w) blend, one as pure PVF2 and the other interacting with PMMA side chains. The miscibility between PMMA side chains and PVF2 affects the crystallization of PVF2. LLDPE-g-PMMA was demonstrated to be a good compatibilizer in LLDPE/PVF2 blends, improving the interfacial adhesion and dispersion in the latter. Diffusion of PMMA side chains into PVF2 in the interfacial region reduces the crystallization rate and lowers the melting point (Tm) and the crystallization temperature (Tc) of PVF2 in the blends.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 2625-2630 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The compatibilizing effect and mechanism of compatibilization of the diblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) P(S-b-4VPy) on immiscible blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties and FTIR measurements. The block copolymer was synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization and melt-blended with PPO and CPE. The results show that the P(S-b-4VPy) added acts as an effective compatibilizer, located at the interface between the PPO and the CPE phase, reducing the interfacial tension, and improving the interfacial adhesion. The tensile strength and modulus of all blends increase with P(S-b-4VPy) content, whereas the elongation at break increases for PPO-rich blends, but decreases for CPE-rich blends. The polystyrene block of the diblock copolymer is compatible with PPO, and the poly(4-vinylpyridine) block and CPE are partially miscible.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 1137-1151 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; streamfunction ; vorticity ; compact scheme ; driven cavity problem ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We note in this study that the Navier-Stokes equations, when expressed in streamfunction-vorticity form, can be approximated to fourth-order accuracy with stencils extending only over a 3 x 3 square of points. The key advantage of the new compact fourth-order scheme is that it allows direct iteration for low-to-medium Reynolds numbers. Numerical solutions are obtained for the model problem of the driven cavity and compared with solutions available in the literature. For Re ≤ 7500 point-SOR iteration is used and the convergence is fast.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 355-360 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization behavior of polyolefins-nylon 6 polymer blends was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. In these blends, the crystallization of the minor component often starts with distinctly deeper supercooling than that of the pure polymer, and proceeds in several separate steps. The origin of this phenomenon was studied and was related to the volume fraction of the dispersed phase and the compatibility between the dispersed phase and the matrix. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The compatibilization of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/polyisoprene (PI) blends with polyethylene/polyisoprene (PE/PI) “thread-through” copolymers was investigated. The proliferating structure of PE/PI with segments chemically identical to HDPE and PI, respectively, is different from that of graft copolymers. Studies showed that the dispersed domain size in the blends was significantly reduced and interfacial adhesion was improved by the compatibilization action of the copolymer. In the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the crystallization peak of HDPE in the blends became broad with adding the copolymer and fractionated crystallization appeared in the HDPE/PI blend compatibilized with the copolymer at a weight ratio of 30/70 while it appeared in the blend without copolymer at a weight ratio of 20/80. DMA results showed that by adding the copolymer, both the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PI component and the a- relaxation of HDPE shifted to lower temperature, demonstrating the enhanced penetration of the two components. Mechanical properties of the blends were improved, especially the elongation at break, by the presence of the copolymers. The characteristic yielding at the fractured surface of the blends compatibilized with the copolymer indicates the fractural behavior of the material changed from brittle to tough.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Based on unsteady diffusionkinetics, polyethylene(PE)-graft-polystyrene (PS) copolymers were designed and synthesized with a heterogeneous high yield titanium-based catalyst by copolymerization of ethylene with a PS-macromonomer using 1-hexene as a short main agent to promote the incorporation of the PS-macromonomer. The presence of 1-hexene facilitated the diffusion of the PS-macromonomer, giving rise to the significantly increased incorporation of the PS-macromonomer. Compatibilization of blends of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) with the PE-g-PS copolymer were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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