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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 22 (1983), S. 2934-2939 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 154 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The S-layers of the Aeromonas spp. studied to date are composed of identical protein subunits which are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane, periplasm and outer membrane to the cell surface, where they are assembled and tethered to the cell via an interaction with the O-polysaccharide side chains of the lipopolysaccharide. Aeromonas S-layers have the ability to bind a number of host factors such as fibronectin, laminin and vitronectin as well as providing resistance to serum killing and protease digestion. Aeromonas mutants unable to produce an S-layer are altered in their ability to cause disease. In the case of Aeromonas salmonicida, the loss of ability to produce an S-layer effectively abolishes virulence. However, in the case of A. hydrophila, the reduction in virulence caused by the loss of the S-layer is less significant.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 32 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A genetic locus from Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 (O:23, 36) has been characterized that appears to be involved in glycosylation of multiple proteins, including flagellin. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core of Escherichia coli DH5α containing some of these genes is modified such that it becomes immunoreactive with O:23 and O:36 antisera and loses reactivity with the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Site-specific mutation of one of these genes in the E. coli host causes loss of O:23 and O:36 antibody reactivity and restores reactivity with WGA. However, site-specific mutation of each of the seven genes in 81-176 failed to show any detectable changes in LPS. Multiple proteins from various cellular fractions of each mutant showed altered reactivity by Western blot analyses using O:23 and O:36 antisera. The changes in protein antigenicity could be restored in one of the mutants by the presence of the corresponding wild-type allele in trans on a shuttle vector. Flagellin, which is known to be a glycoprotein, was one of the proteins that showed altered reactivity with O:23 and O:36 antiserum in the mutants. Chemical deglycosylation of protein fractions from the 81-176 wild type suggests that the other proteins with altered antigenicity in the mutants are also glycosylated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The surface of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida is covered by a paracrystalline array (the A-layer) which is a virulence factor for the organism. Quantification of the ability of A. salmonicida cells to bind collagen types I and IV in a 125I-radiolabelled liquid-phase assay showed that A-layer-positive cells bound high levels of collagen type IV, but significantly lower levels of collagen type I. Collagen type IV binding was confirmed using non-radiolabelled enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. 125I-Collagen type IV binding was rapid, specific, saturable, high affinity, and essentially irreversible by unlabelled collagen type IV. The A-layer was responsible for collagen type IV binding because binding was inactivated by selective removal of the A-layer at pH 2.2, and neither isogenic A-layer-deficient A. salmonicida mutants nor strains of Aeromonas hydrophila possessing a morphologically similar paracrystalline array bound this basement membrane protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 20 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Examination of strains of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter fetus by electron microscopy revealed that they produced peritrichous pilus-like appendages when the bacteria were grown in the presence of bile salts. Various bile-salt supplements were used and it was found that deoxycholate and chenodeoxycholic acid caused a significant enhancement of pilus production and resulted in a highly aggregative phenotype. Morphologically, the pili were between 4 and 7 nm in width and were greater than 1 μm in length. A gene, termed pspA, which encodes a predicted protein resembling protease IV of Escherichia coli, was identified in C. jejuni strain 81–176. A site-specific insertional mutation within this gene resulted in the loss of pilus synthesis as determined by electron microscopy. Insertions upstream and downstream of the gene had no effect on pilus production. The non-piliated mutant of strain 81–176 showed no reduction in adherence to or invasion of INT 407 cells in vitro. However, this mutant, while still possessing the ability to colonize ferrets, caused significantly reduced disease symptoms in this animal model.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A method of insertional mutagenesis for naturally transformable organisms has been adapted from Haemophilus influenzae and applied to the study of the pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni. A series of kanamycin-resistant Insertional mutants of C. jejuni 81–176 has been generated and screened for loss of ability to invade INT407 cells. Eight noninvasive mutants were identified which showed 18-200-fold reductions in the level of invasion compared with the parent. Three of these eight show defects in motility, and five are fully motile. The three mutants with motility defects were further characterized to evaluate the method. One mutant, K2–32, which is non-adherent and non-invasive, has an insertion of the kanamycin-resistance cassette into the flaA flagellin gene and has greatly reduced motility and a truncated flagellar filament typical of flaA mutants. The adherent non-invasive mutants K2–37 and K2–55 are phenotypically paralysed, i.e. they have a full-length flagellar filament but are non-motile. All three mutants show an aberration in flagellar structure at the point at which the filament attaches to the cell. Mutants K2–37 and K2–55 represent overlapping deletions affecting the same gene, termed pflA (paralysed flagella). This gene encodes a predicted protein of 788 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 90 977 with no significant homology to known proteins. Site-specific insertional mutants into this open reading frame result in the same paralysed flagellar phenotype and the same invasion defects as the original mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 14 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Flagellar hooks were purified from Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae. The 70 × 16nm H. pylori hook was composed of FIgE subunits of 78kDa, while the 72 × 16nm H. mustelae hook was composed of 87kDa subunits. N-terminal sequence was obtained for the FIgH proteins of both species, and for an internal H. mustelae FlgE peptide. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers allowed amplification of a 1.2 kb fragment from the H. mustelae chromosome, which carried part of the flgE gene. The corresponding H. pylori gene was cloned by immunoscreening of a genomic library constructed in λZAP Express, The translated H. pylori flgE sequence indicated a protein with limited homology with the hook proteins from Salmonella typhimurium and Treponema phagedenis. Mutants of H. pylori and H. mustelae defective in hook production generated by allele replacement were non-motile and devoid of flagellar filaments but produced both flagellin subunits, which were localized in the soluble fraction of the cell. The level of flagellin production was unchanged in the mutants, indicating that the regulation of flagellin expression in Helicobacter differs from that in the Enterobacteriaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL, UK : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    Molecular microbiology 17 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Aeromonas salmonicida AbcA protein is involved in the synthesis of the O-polysaccharide side-chains on the lipopolysaccharide and is also capable of enhancing the expression of the structural gene for the A-layer, vapA, when cloned into Escherichia coli. The P2 promoter of the vapA gene of A. salmonicida was cloned into a promoter probe vector and expression in E. coli was monitored. The expression of P2::lacZ was shown to be increased when abcA was provided in trans. AbcA contains an N-terminal ATP-binding domain as well as a C-terminal leucine zipper domain. Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to show that the ATP-binding domain is required for the synthesis of the O-polysaccharide side-chains, but not for the enhancement of vapA expression. Conversely, the leucine zipper is needed for the increase in vapA expression, but not for O-polysaccharide side-chain synthesis. This indicates that AbcA is a bifunctional protein that can influence the synthesis of the two principle antigenic components of the A. salmonicida cell surface.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The flagellins of Campylobacter spp. differ antigenically. In variants of C. coli strain VC167, two antigenic flagellin types determined by sero-specific antibodies have been described (termed T1 and T2). Post-translational modification has been suggested to be responsible for T1 and T2 epitopes, and, using mild periodate treatment and biotin hydrazide labelling, flagellin from both VC167-T1 and T2 were shown to be glycosylated. Glycosylation was also shown to be present on other Campylobacter flagellins. The ability to label all Campylobacter flagellins examined with the lectin LFA demonstrated the presence of a terminal sialic acid moiety. Furthermore, mild periodate treatment of the flagellins of VC167 eliminated reactivity with T1 and T2 specific antibodies LAH1 and LAH2, respectively, and LFA could also compete with LAH1 and LAH2 antibodies for binding to their respective flagellins. These data implicate terminal sialic acid as part of the LAH strain-specific epitopes. However, using mutants in genes affecting LAH serorecognition of flagellin it was demonstrated that sialic acid alone is not the LAH epitope. Rather, the epitope(s) is complex, probably involving multiple glycosyl and/or amino acid residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 15 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The asoA gene of Aeromonas salmonicida is located approximately 7 kb downstream of the A-layer structural gene, vapA. A 6 kb Bam HI fragment containing aso A was cloned and marker-exchange mutagenesis using a kanamycin-resistance cassette was performed to generate an aso A mutation in the low-virulence strain A449L. When analysed by electron microscopy, the mutant A449L-MB exhibited an altered surface morphology. Strands and blebs of membranous material were observed protruding from the disorganized cell surface. This material was shown to contain lipopolysaccharide and A-layer subunit protein. The disorganization of the surface of A449L-IV1B had no apparent effect on virulence when the bacteria were administered to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by bath Immersion. However, when administered by intraperitoneal injection, the mutant A449L-MB was found to exhibit significantly increased virulence. The predicted amino acid sequence of AsoA shows homology to a number of polytopic membrane proteins involved in translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane.
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