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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vision Dichromatism in macaque monkeys (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 402 (1999), S. 139-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Old World primates have trichromatic vision because they have three types of cone photoreceptor, each of which is maximally sensitive to short, middle or long wavelengths of light. Although a proportion of human males (about 8% of caucasians, for example) have X-chromosome-linked colour-vision ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/45966
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic Analysis of a Retroposon Family in African Great Apes (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 49 (1999), S. 699-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Retroposons — Great apes — SINE-R.C2 — HERV-K LTRs — Phylogeny — Hominoid evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The SINE-R retroposon family has been identified by its relationship with the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of human endogenous retrovirus class K (HERV-K) as a mobile element that has evolved recently in the human genome. Here we examined the recent evolutionary history of this class of elements by a PCR approach to genomic DNA from the African great apes and by phylogenetic analysis including comparison with the HERV K10 parent sequence. With primers derived from a cDNA sequence from human brain, we identified 27 sequences from the chimpanzee and 16 from the gorilla. Phylogenetic comparisons with previously recognized sequences from the human and from the orangutan and gibbon revealed wide overlap of elements across species, suggesting multiple origins in the course of hominoid evolution. Two human elements SINE-R.C2 and HS307 were the furthest removed from the HERV-K10 sequence but these two elements were closely related to three elements from the chimpanzee and four elements from the gorilla. This group of elements (our clusters 14 and 15) appears to have transposed late in hominoid evolution. One element (Ch-M16) showed 99.1% sequence identity with the SINE-R.C2 element, which is human-specific. Thus the SINE-R family appears to have continued to be active in transposition throughout the course of primate evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000083
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conflict Among Individual Mitochondrial Proteins in Resolving the Phylogeny of Eutherian Orders (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 47 (1998), S. 307-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Mammalian phylogeny — Mitochondrial proteins — Trees of individual proteins — Maximum-likelihood method — ND1 — Convergent evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The phylogenetic relationship among primates, ferungulates (artiodactyls + cetaceans + perissodactyls + carnivores), and rodents was examined using proteins encoded by the H strand of mtDNA, with marsupials and monotremes as the outgroup. Trees estimated from individual proteins were compared in detail with the tree estimated from all 12 proteins (either concatenated or summing up log-likelihood scores for each gene). Although the overall evidence strongly suggests ((primates, ferungulates), rodents), the ND1 data clearly support another tree, ((primates, rodents), ferungulates). To clarify whether this contradiction is due to (1) a stochastic (sampling) error; (2) minor model-based errors (e.g., ignoring site rate variability), or (3) convergent and parallel evolution (specifically between either primates and rodents or ferungulates and the outgroup), the ND1 genes from many additional species of primates, rodents, other eutherian orders, and the outgroup (marsupials + monotremes) were sequenced. The phylogenetic analyses were extensive and aimed to eliminate the following artifacts as possible causes of the aberrant result: base composition biases, unequal site substitution rates, or the cumulative effects of both. Neither more sophisticated evolutionary analyses nor the addition of species changed the previous conclusion. That is, the statistical support for grouping rodents and primates to the exclusion of all other taxa fluctuates upward or downward in quite a tight range centered near 95% confidence. These results and a site-by-site examination of the sequences clearly suggest that convergent or parallel evolution has occurred in ND1 between primates and rodents and/or between ferungulates and the outgroup. While the primate/rodent grouping is strange, ND1 also throws some interesting light on the relationships of some eutherian orders, marsupials, and montremes. In these parts of the tree, ND1 shows no apparent tendency for unexplained convergences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006389
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ancient Origin of the Null Allele se 428 of the Human ABO-Secretor Locus (FUT2) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 50 (2000), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:FUT2 gene — Secretor gene —α(1,2)Fucosyltransferase — Old polymorphism — Balancing selection — Neutrality test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. In human populations, a null allele having several nucleotide differences from the wild-type allele is segregating at the FUT2 locus (the ABO-Secretor locus) encoding α(1,2)fucosyltransferase. To estimate the age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of these two alleles, we sequenced FUT2 homologues from chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and green monkey. Since we did not detect acceleration or any heterogeneity in the substitution rate at this locus among these species, the age of the MRCA was estimated to be around 3 MYA, assuming the divergence time of human and chimpanzee to be 5 MYA. We developed a simple test to examine whether or not the old age of the MRCA of the FUT2 is consistent with that expected for two divergent neutral alleles sampled from a random mating population. An application of the test to the data at FUT2 indicated that the age of the MRCA is too old to be explained by the simple neutral assumptions, although our test depends on accurate estimation of the divergence time of human and chimpanzee in units of twice the human population size. Various possibilities including balancing selection are discussed to explain this old age of the MRCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002399910028
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel hemoglobin components and their amino acid sequences from the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 28 (1988), S. 136-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: α globin ; Crab-eating macaque ; Amino acid sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We found two types of hemoglobin, T and R, from the crab-eating macaque and compared those to A and Q previously reported. The 22 animals studied showed six different phenotypes, A, R, QA, QT, QAT, and QAR. Analysis of the complete amino acid sequences for the α chains of hemoglobins Q, A, T, and R revealed that amino acids at four positions, 8, 55, 71, and 78 from the N-terminal, are variable. In the αA chain, Thr, Val, Gly, and Gln occupy these positions, and in the αQ chain the analogous amino acids are Thr, Val, Asp, and Gln, respectively. In the newly found αT chain they are Thr, Val, Gly, and His; and in the αR chain, they are Ser, Ile, Gly, and His, respectively. Two amino acids (α8 Thr and α79 Gln) in αA of the crab-eating macaque were found to be different from those in the α chain of the Japanese macaque.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular phylogeny of gibbons inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences: Preliminary report (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Gibbons ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We analyzed the 896 base-pair (bp) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences for seven gibbons, representative of three out of four subgenera. The result from our molecular analysis is consistent with previous studies as to the monophyly of subgenusHylobates species, yet the relationship among subgenera remains slightly ambiguous. A striking result of the analysis is the phylogenetic location of Kloss's gibbon (H. klossii). Kloss's gibbon has been considered to be an initial off-shoot of the subgenusHylobates because of its morphological primitiveness. However, our molecular data strongly suggest that Kloss's gibbon speciated most recently within the subgenusHylobates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215183
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular phylogeny of gibbons inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences: Preliminary report (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Gibbons ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We analyzed the 896 base-pair (bp) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences for seven gibbons, representative of three out of four subgenera. The result from our molecular analysis is consistent with previous studies as to the monophyly of subgenus Hylobates species, yet the relationship among subgenera remains slightly ambiguous. A striking result of the analysis is the phylogenetic location of Kloss's gibbon (H. klossii). Kloss's gibbon has been considered to be an initial off-shoot of the subgenus Hylobates because of its morphological primitiveness. However, our molecular data strongly suggest that Kloss's gibbon speciated most recently within the subgenus Hylobates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186548
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L1 family of repetitive DNA sequences in primates may be derived from a sequence encoding a reverse transcriptase-related protein (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 321 (1986), S. 625-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the structure of LI family members and the consensus sequences. The human consensus sequence was deduced from Tj8G41 (ref. 9), KpnA (ref. 8), Hindl.9 (ref. 5), pCDKpnI-4 and pCDKpnI-8 (ref. 6), HH10 (ref. 25 and K. Yoshioka et a/., unpublished), Hspc6 (ref. 26 and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321625a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new repetitive sequence uniquely present in the decay-accelerating factor genes (1998)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 47 (1998), S. 246-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Complement ; Decay-accelerating factor ; Repetitive sequence ; Gene structure ; Serine/threonine-rich region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) protects cells from autologous complement attack on self cell membranes. We have previously reported that the seventh exon encoding the serine/threonine-rich(S/T)-abc region of the guinea pig DAF gene is composed of five homologous repeats of about 51 base pairs, and that differential usage of these repeats produces the various lengths observed in the S/T region of guinea pig DAF. In this study, we found that the seventh intron of the guinea pig DAF gene was wholly composed of 18 tandem repeats homologous to the repeating unit of the S/T-abc exon. This type of repetitive structure, although the number of repeats was variable, was also found in the corresponding exons and introns of all DAF genes of other species so far tested including human and seven other primates and mouse, in which alternative splicing in this region has not been found. This suggested that generation of the repetitive sequences spanning the exon and intron regions had occurred before the diversification of these species. In addition, all the intron sequences of the tested DAF genes had no stop codon when they were presumably translated in the same reading frame as the seventh and eighth exons, except for that of one of two duplicated mouse DAF genes. These findings and significant interspecies identities of the intron sequence suggest that the intron sequence conceivably could be translated in some tissues and/or in some stages of development although to date we have not yet succeeded in detecting mRNA for this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050354
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Major histocompatibility complex DQA1 nucleotide sequences of gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada), olive baboon (Papio anubis), and yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) (1997)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 46 (1997), S. 365-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050289
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