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  • 1
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    Coseismic hydrological changes associated with dislocation of the September 21, 1999 Chichi earthquake, Taiwan (2002)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Tulsa, 450 pp.; 2nd modified and expanded ed., Society of Exploration Geophysics, vol. 29, no. 17, pp. 846-855, pp. B02405, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Description: Being situated in the immediate vicinity of the 1999 Chichi earthquake epicenter, 178 automatic-recording monitoring wells of the Choshui fan-delta provided a very valuable data set for testing whether the coseismic water-level changes in confined aquifers can be explained as a poroelastic response of well-aquifer systems to coseismic volumetric strain. This study demonstrates that the polarities of the observed coseismic water-level and river discharge changes are in good agreement with those of the static volumetric strain calculated by a dislocation model, using the well-constrained rupture model of the seismogenic Chelungpu fault. The puzzling "bull-eye" patterns formed by the equipotential lines of the coseismic water-level changes in the confined aquifers in the middle parts of the fan-delta represent pressure enhancement due to their being situated at the pinch-out ends of conglomeratic layers.
    Keywords: Earthquake ; China ; Seismology ; Fluids ; 7299 ; Seismology: ; General ; or ; miscellaneous ; 1899 ; Hydrology: ; General ; or ; miscellaneous ; 1829 ; Groundwater ; hydrology ; Chi-Chi
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The acute metabolic effects of oral tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Tricalcium phosphate ; Calcium carbonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A double-blind study was performed to test the metabolic effects of tricalcium phosphate (TP) and calcium carbonate (CC) on serum calcium (SCa), serum phosphorus (SP), and immunoreactive intact serum parathyroid hormone (SPTH) levels in two groups of 24 subjects. The mean age of young subjects was 29.5 years, and elderly subjects, 65.9 years. These subjects fasted overnight for 12 hours, but with good hydration, before the tests. Following a 2-hour baseline-urine collection, 1200 mg elemental calcium (as CC or TP in tablet form) was chewed and ingested and 2-hour postload urines were collected. Blood was drawn immediately before and at 1, 2, and 4 hours after calcium load. The results showed that SCa and SP increased, whereas SPTH decreased with both preparations. The increment of SCa was similar after oral load of either calcium salt in both groups. The increment of SP after TP load was more than after CC. The urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) increased significantly after both preparations in the young group. The urinary phosphorus/creatinine ratio (UP/Cr) did not change significantly following TP, but decreased significantly after CC load in the young subjects. However, in the elderly individuals, the UP/Cr increased after TP load but did not change following CC, with statistical significance. The difference of urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate/creatinine ratio (UcAMP/Cr) was not significant in both groups with either preparation. In summary, there was a similar rise in SCa and an equivalent fall in SPTH between TP and CC, in both young and elderly individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299310
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of the Morphological Changes Induced by Staurosporine in Rat Osteoblasts (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 68 -73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Staurosporine — Rat osteoblasts — Protein kinase.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in the differentiation of cells, however, little is known about its relationship to bone metabolism. We have previously demonstrated that staurosporine concentration dependently transformed the cultured rat osteoblasts into stellate cells. In this study, we further investigated the possible mechanisms and significance of the morphological changes of osteoblasts induced by staurosporine. The morphological changes induced by staurosporine were inhibited by microtubule depolymerizers or elevated intracellular calcium, however, actin depolymerizers enhanced the effects of staurosporine. Fluorescence labeling showed that staurosporine caused the dissolution of the actin microfilaments, but left the microtubules and vimentin filaments intact. PKC activators partially antagonized the morphological changes induced by staurosporine. Inhibition of protein kinase A or calmodulin-dependent kinase is less effective in the induction of stellate cell formation. These results suggest that the morphological changes of osteoblasts induced by staurosporine may be partly due to PKC inhibition, but other mechanisms may also be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900297
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetry of Bone Mineral Density at the Proximal Femur with Emphasis on the Effect of Side Dominance (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 189 -191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Proximal femur — Dual photon absorptiometer — Dominant side.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The symmetry and effect of side dominance on the bone mineral density (BMD) of proximal femur was evaluated in 266 normal Chinese women with a dual photon absorptiometer (DPA, Norland 2600). The BMDs of the femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle at the proximal femur in the dominant leg (BMDd) were compared with those of the nondominant side (BMDn). The linear regression of BMDd and BMDn of the corresponding regions at the proximal femur showed a good correlation (r = 0.893–0.941, SEE = 0.052–0.062 g/cm2). The paired difference of proximal femoral BMD was −0.002 ± 0.062 g/cm2 for the femoral neck, 0.003 ± 0.054 g/cm2 for the trochanter, and 0.008 ± 0.062 g/cm2 for the Ward's triangle. The ratio of asymmetry for femoral neck BMD was mean ± SD =−0.4 ± 7.8%, for trochanter 0.6 ± 8.1%, and for the Ward's triangle 1.3 ± 9.7%. Both paired difference and ratio of asymmetry between BMDd and BMDn were approximately normally distributed, with a mean ± 2 SD ranging from −0.126 to 0.122 g/cm2 for paired difference and −16.0% to 15.2% for the ratio of asymmetry in the femoral neck. These data revealed that dominance had little effect on the proximal femur BMDs. However, the wide range of paired difference and ratio of asymmetry of the proximal femur BMD in the normal individuals should be considered in the interpretation of the proximal femoral BMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900321
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Effects of Bone Mineral Content and Bone Area on Vertebral Strength in a Swine Model (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 86-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral content — Vertebral bone area — Compressive stress — Failure load — Stored strain energy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Since the biomechanical competence of a vertebral body may be closely related to the content and distribution of the bone mineral, we have evaluated the effects of projected vertebral bone area (BA) and bone mineral parameters [bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD)] on their biomechanical competence. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess the bone mineral parameters of 36 swine thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12) and 15 lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) after removal of the posterior elements. The failure load, compressive stress, and the stored strain energy of these vertebral bodies were assessed by a uniaxial compressive test using an MTS 810 testing system. Multiple regression analysis showed a significantly negative effect of BA and significantly positive effect of BMC on the biomechanical competence (compressive stress, r2= 0.67, P 〈 0.0001; failure load, r2= 0.75, P 〈 0.0001). However, the stored strain energy was only related to the BMC (r2= 0.35, P 〈 0.0001). The contributory effects of BMC and BA on the biomechanical competence were not equal. The effects of BMC was larger than BA in determining the failure load and stored strain energy, whereas the reverse was found for the compressive stress. Using the log-transformed parameters as the regressors resulted in similar results. These results suggested the differential effects of BA and BMC in determining the biomechanical competence of vertebral bodies. We recommend the use of both parameters instead of BMD alone for evaluation of the vertebral biomechanical competence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900494
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factor of Risk for Hip Fracture in Normal Chinese Men and Women in Taiwan (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Factor of risk (Φ) — Hip fracture — Chinese — Bone mineral density — Bone area.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have investigated the age-related change in factor of risk (Φ) for the proximal femoral load during free fall in 548 females and 240 males aged 21–79 years. These individuals were divided into either young (age 〈50 years) or old group (age ≥50 years). Another 26 females with hip fractures were included for comparison. The bone mineral density (BMD) of proximal femoral neck was measured by a Norland XR-26 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). The estimated fracture load (L) of femoral neck was calculated from the BMD with the regression equation derived by Courtney et al. [2,3] and estimated fall force (F) by body weight and height according to the regression equation derived by Nakamura et al. [6] respectively. Φ was defined as the quotient of F/L. The results showed an age-related decrease of BMD (P 〈 0.001) in both genders corrected for weight and height. By multiple linear regression analysis, the F decreased significantly with aging corrected for BMD in old males (partial r =−0.255, P 〈 0.01) and increased with aging in all females (young, partial r=0.287, p 〈 0.001; old, partial r = 0.252, P 〈 0.001). L decreased significantly with aging corrected for height and weight in males (young, partial r =−0.401, P 〈 0.01; old, partial r =−0.178, P 〈 0.05) and females (young, partial r =−0.168, P 〈 0.05; old, partial r =−0.459, P 〈 0.001). However Φ decreased with aging in young males (P 〈 0.01) and females (young: P 〈 0.001, old: P 〈 0.001). Φ increased in old women but not in old men, and was higher in old women compared with old men. The 26 patients with hip fractures had a significantly higher Φ value than 85 age-matched women. In conclusion, Φ may provide a comprehensive comparison of the risk of hip fracture in the elderly population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900727
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticosteroid reduces blood flow to femoral heads in rabbits (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 1 (1993), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Avascular necrosis ; Femoral head ; Corticosteroid ; Laser Doppler velocimeter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is one of the common problems in orthopedic practice in Taiwan. The subchondral bone loses its blood supply which weakens its biomechanical support. Steroid overuse is one of many possible etiologies in reducing blood flow to the femoral head. Laser Doppler velocimeter is a precise monitor of regional blood flow of bone which is expressed in perfusion units (PU). In the control group the rabbits were injected with normal saline and there were no statistical differences between blood flow to the right hip (39.26±5.64 PU) and left hip (38.58±4.35 PU). In group B a weekly injection of methylprednisolone into rabbits for 6 weeks demonstrated the reduction of blood flow of femoral head (24.74±3.13 PU) by the laser Doppler velocimeter. The flow decreased further (15.93±2.33 PU) by 12 weeks of steroid treatment. In group C after a weekly injection of steroid for 6 weeks the flow became 31.63±4.79 PU. The steroid was then discontinued for 3 weeks and the flow was 34.6±1.34 PU. In group D the blood flow was 25.89±4.01 PU after 6 weeks of steroid treatment and we stopped the steroid for 6 weeks, the blood flow became 29.86±2.59 PU. The merit of our experiment established a model of study in avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258341
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An implicit enumeration program for zero-one integer programming (1972)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 1 (1972), S. 75-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes some techniques to improve the speed of the implicit enumeration method for solving zero-one integer programming problems. Among these techniques, the most powerful is the one of using a column vector which works as a tag for each inequality, indicating whether or not the inequality should be checked for the current partial solution. A new condition for underlining a variable and the concept of pseudo-underlining are also proposed. These techniques were implemented in the computer programil lip (ILLinois Integer Programming code). The computational results for different types of problems are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01108520
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  • 9
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    A Comparison of Clay Contents Determined by Hydrometer and Pipette Methods Using Reduced Major Axis Analysis (1966)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1966-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
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    Electronic structure of (Ca0.85La0.15)FeAs2 (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Description: We report a comprehensive study of orbital character and tridimensional nature of the electronic structure of (Ca 0.85 La 0.15 )FeAs 2 from recently discovered “112” family of Iron-based superconductors (IBS), with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observed that the band structure is similar to that of “122” family, namely, there are three hole-like bands at the Brillouin zone (BZ) center and two electron-like bands at the BZ corner. The bands near the Fermi level (E F ) are mainly derived from the Fe t 2 g orbitals. On the basis of our present and earlier studies, we classify IBS into the three types according to their crystal structures. We show that although the bands near E F mainly originate from Fe 3d electrons, they are significantly modified by the interaction between the superconducting slabs and the intermediate atoms.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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