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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 7247-7255 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 6081-6091 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular dynamics-based computer simulations are presented for the interaction of one and two infrared (IR) laser beams with a model polymer surface. When a single laser beam system is studied over a wide range of intensities, only melting of the polymer, or melting followed by bond dissociation, is observed for up to 100 picoseconds. In contrast, the two-laser simulation results exhibit a marked difference in the energy absorption behavior of the irradiated polymer which, in turn, results in multiple bond dissociations. The results for the one- and two-laser cases studied can be divided into four different classes of physical behavior: (a) the polymer remains in the solid state; (b) the polymer crystal melts; (c) the polymer ablates, but with significant melting (charring); or (d) the polymer ablates with minimal melting. Damage to the model polymer crystal from absorption of energy from either one or two lasers occurs through a mechanism that involves the competition between the absorption of energy and internal energy redistribution. The rate of energy loss from the absorption site(s) relative to the rate of absorption of energy from the radiation field determines rather the polymer melts or ablates (low absorption rates lead to melting or no change and high rates lead to ablation). A sufficiently large rate of energy absorption is only obtainable through the use of two lasers. Two lasers also significantly decrease the total laser intensity required to cause polymer crystal melting. The differences between the one- and two-laser cases are studied by adapting novel signal/subspace techniques to analyze the dynamical changes in the mode spectrum of the polymer as it melts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 3301-3310 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intramolecular vibrational energy transfer in dimethylnitramine has been studied using classical trajectories. Model harmonic and anharmonic valence force-field potential-energy surfaces with force constants adjusted to give approximately the known normal-mode frequencies were used in the study. Both the rate and mechanism for energy flow from high CH stretch and methyl group excited states were investigated. The results show that the energy transfer is rapid (within approximately 0.25 ps) and irreversible. The energy from an excited CH stretch is initially transferred to the methyl bending motion and finally to the nitro and "second'' methyl groups. The dominant energy transfer path involves flow from the stretch to the bend within the excited group followed by "methyl-to-methyl'' transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 6875-6889 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The atomistic details of the internal dynamics of a polyethylene-like crystal are studied using molecular dynamics. Crystals with up to 6100 chain atoms have been studied for up to 30 ps. A microscopic description of the atomic motion has been examined and a link to available experimental data on the macroscopic and microscopic motion is provided. The results show that the onset of a significant population of rotational isomers is strongly altered by the intermolecular forces. Typical rates for the formation of isomers are 1010 to 1012 s−1 at 350 K (depending on the size of the simulated crystal, which changes the overall nature of the intermolecular forces) and increase exponentially with temperature. The large number of created defects causes a continuous decrease in the end-to-end distance. Specific defects, however, have extremely limited lifetime (i.e., those suggested by molecular mechanics calculations). These results suggest that at the temperatures where annealing or deformation of metastable crystals is possible, only randomly generated defects cause the macroscopically observed changes. The defects should move under the free enthalpy gradient set up within the crystal toward a more stable location. The activation energy required for motion which ultimately results in mass transport or lamellar thickening can be shown to be temperature and chain-length dependent. The highly uncorrelated behavior of the creation and annealing of defects reveals the underlying chaotic nature of the "transition'' from an ordered crystal to a conformationally disordered crystal (CONDIS crystal). In the simulated case, the transition to the conformationally disordered state occurs gradually, involving little or no cooperative motion. This continuous transition to the condis state was suggested earlier on the basis of experimental evidence and is expected to occur in many other polymers in addition to and at lower temperature than possible additional first-order transitions to the condis state. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the simulations have been determined and compared to the available experimental data with good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 6889-6897 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The unimolecular reaction dynamics of dimethylnitramine are studied using classical trajectories on three model potential-energy surfaces. Elimination of NO2 is the predominant reaction. The focus of this study is on the simple, bond-rupture reaction to give NO2. Rate constants are calculated for two of the potentials at two different energies and individual trajectories are examined to determined the nature of the energy flow in the molecule prior to reaction and the product energy distribution. Energy flow into the nitro group increases significantly prior to reaction. Energy becomes trapped in the nitro group as the N–N bond begins to break and rapidly exchanges between the NO2 bending and stretching modes. One of the potentials allows the concerted molecular elimination of HONO. The concerted process which involves hydrogen migration and subsequent HONO elimination accounts for less than 5% of the reactive trajectories. However, the HONO elimination reaction can be enhanced by exciting high CH stretch overtones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 87 (1987), S. 5809-5819 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Overtone-induced isomerization of methyl isocyanide to methyl cyanide is studied by using classical trajectories on several potential-energy surfaces. The several potential-energy surfaces are variations of a potential which we have developed based on available experimental and ab initio results. The trajectory results for simple potentials which neglect stretch–bend interactions show that overtone excitation of a CH stretch to the v=6 level at total energies (including overtone excitation energy) of 75, 125, and 150 kcal/mol does not enhance the rate of isomerization. However, at an initial total energy of 200 kcal/mol, the isomerization rate is enhanced by as much as a factor of 3 by selective excitation of a CH stretching overtone. However, the mode specificity is sensitive to the potential-energy surface. When a more realistic potential is used in which the bending force constants are attenuated as a function of the bond lengths or in which nondiagonal quadratic coupling terms are included, the dominant reaction is CH bond dissociation. The rate coefficient for the CH bond dissociation is an order of magnitude greater than the rate of isomerization at 200 kcal/mol. The initial energy flow out of an excited CH stretch is rapid (occurring on a times scale of less than 0.5 ps) and is primarily into the methyl bending modes. The energy that flows into the bending modes does not transfer out over the time period of 5.4 ps that the trajectories were followed. The methyl bending modes act as an energy "sink''.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 2805-2817 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intramolecular dynamics of several model systems are investigated by using classical trajectories. Power spectra of auto- and cross-correlation functions obtained from the classical trajectories are used to classify the type of motion for excited local vibrational modes and to investigate the mechanisms of energy flow at various excitation energies. Coherency spectra are used to investigate interactions between two vibrational modes. Various models of four systems, HC3, HNNH, HCCH, and H2O2, are examined. The emphasis is on hydrogen peroxide. The motion is quasiperiodic at low energies of excitation. The onset of chaotic motion occurs at approximately 89% of the energy required for dissociation of the OH bond in H2O2. For acetylene the classical motion becomes chaotic only for energies very near the dissociation limit of the CH bond. For HC3 and HNNH, chaotic motion occurs at energies much less than that required for dissociation of the CH or NH bond. In general, the chaotic limit is lowered and the rate of energy flow is enhanced by the presence of bending degrees-of-freedom. The amount of energy transferred from a local mode is found to be invariant to the number of degrees-of-freedom in the chaotic regime while it is strongly dependent upon the number of degrees-of-freedom in the quasiperiodic regime. However, the initial rate of energy transfer in the chaotic regime is substantially affected by the number of degrees-of-freedom.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 87 (1987), S. 1012-1021 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of resonances on the collinear inelastic scattering of CO2 with He, Ne, and Ar has been studied. The initial conditions for the CO2 molecule were chosen by using Poincaré surfaces of section to identify trajectories which lie on resonant tori. Near-resonant and nonresonant trajectories have also been examined. The dynamics of the CO2 molecule undergoes a dramatic change as a rare gas atom approaches. Resonances are created and destroyed and, in some cases, a transition from quasiperiodic to chaotic motion occurs. The energy transfer is enhanced for trajectories involving resonant or near-resonant CO2 states.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 4557-4565 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intramolecular energy transfer from local bond modes is studied by using quasiclassical trajectories. The energy in a local mode as a function of time is computed to determine the nature and time scale for the decay of local mode excitation. Variations of four basic models are examined: HCCC, HOOH, HNNH, and HC ≡ CH. Potential-energy surfaces for the models are sums of Morse functions for bond stretches and harmonic bending functions. The potential for HOOH torsional motion is represented by a truncated Fourier cosine series. The emphasis of the study is on H2O2. The decay of OH overtone excitation is characterized by slow, irreversible flow of energy out of the OH as a function of time. The rate of energy transfer is strongly dependent upon the OOH bending and the torsional motions.
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