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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE USE OF THE FUSED EUTECTIC OF SODIUM AMIDE AND POTASSIUM AMIDE IN ORGANIC SYNTHESES (1946)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 11 (1946), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01173a005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Compounds. Some Substituted Benzalmalononitriles (1949)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 71 (1949), S. 2949-2949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01176a602
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodiversity of endophytic bacteria which colonize red clover nodules, roots, stems and foliage and their influence on host growth (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Root nodule ; Endophyte ; Rhizobium ; Allelopathy ; Biodiversity ; Red clover ; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; Rhizobium leguminosarum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to identifiy the endophytic bacteria recovered from the foliage, tap roots and nodules of red clover plants (Trifolium pratense L.); and to assess the effects of the nodule bacteria, alone and in combination with Rhizobium spp., on the growth and development of red clover seedlings. Thirty-one bacteria species from 14 different genera were recovered from within the foliage, roots and nodules of red clover plants cv. AC Charlie. Genera diversity and species number were greatest in foliage tissues. Pantoea agglomerans (59.6%) was the most frequent species recovered in foliage tissues, Agrobacterium rhizogenes A in the tap root (49.2%) and Rhizobium leguminosarum BV phaseoli and R. loti B in the nodules (27.2% each). Recovery of Rhizobium species was not restricted to the nodules, and species of this genus were systemic throughout the plant. Clover root nodules were host to 12 bacteria species other than rhizobia, of which 8 were specific to this tissue. Using non-selective media, R. leguminosarum BV trifolii constituted only 8.8% of all the root nodule bacteria recovered. In root bacterization experiments, species of nodule bacteria promoted growth of red clover more often when applied in combination with R. leguminosarum BV trifolii than when applied singly. However, Bacillus megaterium, Bordetella avium and Curtobacterium luteum consistently promoted growth either individually or in combination with R. leguminosarum BV trifolii. Nodulation was promoted when R. leguminosarum BV trifolii was coinoculated with Bacillus insolitus, B. brevis or A. rhizogenes A. Single isolate applications of Rhizobium species to roots always led to the depression of clover growth, but mixtures of R. leguminosarum BV trifolii and R. leguminosarum BV phaseoli resulted in growth promotion. The latter is considered further evidence of the beneficial allelopathic side effect of strain competition for the same ecological niche.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050273
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in SOLidification Processing (CETSOL): A Project of the European Space Agency (ESA) - Microgravity Applications Promotion (MAP) Programme (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 508 (Mar. 2006), p. 393-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The main objective of the research project of the European Space Agency (ESA) -Microgravity Application Promotion (MAP) programme entitled Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in SOLidification Processing (CETSOL) is the investigation of the formation of the transition from columnar to equiaxed macrostructure that takes place in casting. Indeed, grain structures observed in most casting processes of metallic alloys are the result of a competition between the growth of several arrays of dendrites that develop under constrained and unconstrained conditions, leading tothe CET. A dramatic effect of buoyancy-driven flow on the transport of equiaxed crystals on earth is acknowledged. This leads to difficulties in conducting precise investigations of the origin of the formation of the equiaxed crystals and their interaction with the development of the columnar grain structure. Consequently, critical benchmark data to test fundamental theories of grain structure formation are required, that would benefit from microgravity investigations. Accordingly, the ESA-MAP CETSOL project has gathered together European groups with complementary skills to carry out experiments and to model the processes, in particular with a view to utilization of the reduced-gravity environment that will be afforded by the International Space Station (ISS) to get benchmark data. The ultimate objective of the research program is to significantly contribute to the improvement of integrated modelling of grain structure in industrially important castings. To reach this goal, the approach is devised to deepen the quantitative understanding of the basic physicalprinciples that, from the microscopic to the macroscopic scales, govern microstructure formation in solidification processing under diffusive conditions and with fluid flow in the melt. Pertinent questions are attacked by well-defined model experiments on technical alloys and/or on model transparent systems, physical modelling at microstructure and mesoscopic scales (e.g. large columnar front or equiaxed crystals) and numerical simulation at all scales, up to the macroscopic scales of casting with integrated numerical models
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/12/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.508.393.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Binary Al Alloys with and without Grain Refiners (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 508 (Mar. 2006), p. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have investigated the columnar to equiaxed transition experimentally in directionally solidified hypoeutectic binary AlSi alloys with and without grain refinement particles and for different processing parameters in the framework of the ESA-MAP CETSOL (Columnar-to-equiaxed transition in solidification processing). A power-down technique was used in a Bridgman-Stockbarger type gradient-furnace to simultaneously increase the solidification rate and decrease the temperature gradient in the cylindrical sample during directional solidification vertically upwards. The position of the CET was determined from the cut and polished samples and correlated to the applied cooling rate for different experiments. Critical parameters for the temperature gradient and the solidification rate at the transition were determined from cooling curves measured within the sample and from a time-of-flight analysis of ultrasonic pulses propagated in the solid part of the sample and being reflected at the solid-liquid interface. The critical values found are compared to the deterministic models of Hunt and of Martorano et al. The objective of this contribution is the presentation of preliminary results for the different alloys and processing parameters of ground-based experiments. These results will be used for the testing of different models describing the CET within the framework of the ESA-MAP CETSOL and for the preparation of comparative microgravity experiments
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/12/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.508.419.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Influence of Fluid Flow on Intermetallic Phases in Al-Cast Alloys (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 519-521 (July 2006), p. 1795-1800 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Technical Al-Si alloys always contain sufficient amounts of Fe and Mn, especially alloysmade from scrap. During casting, Fe-containing intermetallics, such as Al-Fe, Al-Fe-Si and Al-Fe-Mn-Si phases, are formed between the aluminum dendrites. Fe and Mn-rich intermetallic phases arewell known to be strongly influential on mechanical properties in Al-Si alloys. In the present workthe influence of controlled fluid flow conditions on the morphology and spatial arrangement onintermetallic phases in cast Al-Si alloys is characterized. A binary Al-7wt.%Si and a ternary Al-7wt.%Si-1wt.%Fe alloy was solidified under and without the influence of a rotating magnetic field(3mT at 50Hz) over a range of solidification velocities (0.015- 0.18mm/s) at a constant temperaturegradient G of 3K/mm. The scientific results reached so far indicate a strong influence of theelectromagnetic stirring on the primary dendrite and secondary dendrite arm spacings
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/13/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.519-521.1795.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on the Morphological Instability during Directional Solidification of a Transparent Alloy during Sounding Rocket Flights (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 508 (Mar. 2006), p. 463-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The movement and morphological change of a solid-liquid interface in directional solidification was investigated during two sounding rocket flights. By using the transparent binary alloy Succinonitrile-Acetone the dynamic processes at the solidification front could be observed directly. Both the planar interface growth, the onset of instability and the characteristic features of the interface morphology, i.e. the evolution of the primary spacing and amplitudes of the cells and dendrites were evaluated. The comparison with a calculation of the morphological instability based on the theoretical model of Warren and Langer showed a good agreement concerning the critical time and velocity of the solidification front
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/12/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.508.463.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effect of nematicide treatments on tuber yields in early- and late-maturing potato cultivars (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 3-year field study examined the effects of 1,3-dichloropropene or oxamyl on tuber yields in four early- and five late-maturing potato cultivars. The nematicide treatments increased total tuber yield by ≈ 12% for early-maturing cultivars, but by less than 2% for the late-maturing cultivars. The treatments reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans), which were the dominant plant parasitic nematodes at the site. Covariance analysis indicated that treatment effects on total tuber yield were no longer significant after adjusting for root lesion nematodes in soil at harvest, confirming that these nematodes had a direct effect on the host. As expected, there were significant inverse relationships (P = 0·05) between total tuber yields and numbers of root lesion nematodes in soil and in roots. However, the application of nematicides in late-maturing cultivars was found to be of no practical value. Crop production systems designed to reduce or optimize pesticide applications can form one criterion in the development of more environmentally sensitive management strategies. The merit of utilizing chemicals for root lesion nematode control are considered with regard to cultivar maturity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00582.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fosthiazate and aldicarb on populations of plant-growth-promoting bacteria, root-lesion nematodes and bacteria-feeding nematodes in the root zone of potatoes (1999)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 48 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 2-year study investigated the relationship between the nematicides aldicarb and fosthiazate and populations of plant growth-promoting (PGP) and plant-growth-inhibiting (PGI) bacteria, and root-lesion nematodes and bacteria-feeding nematodes in the root-zone soils of potatoes. Fewer (P 〈 0.05) bacterial genera and species were recovered from aldicarb-treated soils than from the fosthiazate and untreated soils but bacterial population densities were greatest in the aldicarb-treated soils. In potato plantlet bioassays using root-zone bacteria from the three soil sources, bacteria from the aldicarb-treated soils reduced (P 〈 0.01) the mean wet and dry weight of shoots and roots compared with those from the fosthiazate and untreated soils. In the field, fosthiazate (but not aldicarb) significantly increased tuber yields and reduced nematode population densities of Pratylenchus penetrans in roots and soil. Population densities of bacteria-feeding nematodes (primarily Diplogaster lheritieri) were not affected by either nematicide. Aldicarb appeared to suppress the populations of plant-growth-promoting bacteria that contribute to enhanced growth in potatoes. This is attributed to the long-term use of aldicarb at the trial site, which may have encouraged the selection, or adaptation, of soil microorganisms that degrade carbamate pesticides but do not enhance potato growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.00305.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metalaxyl sensitivity of isolates of Phytophthora erythroseptica in Prince Edward Island (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of Phytophthora erythroseptica, causal agent of pink rot of potato, were obtained from diseased tubers collected in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. In an in vitro assay of field and single-zoospore isolates, all isolates of the pathogen from PEI were sensitive to metalaxyl (EC50 〈 0·5 µg mL−1), unlike moderately or highly resistant reference isolates obtained from Maine, USA. Allozyme-banding patterns at the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) locus were identical (91/91) for all isolates of P. erythroseptica examined from PEI and Maine, but could be used to distinguish isolates of P. erythroseptica from local isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Inoculation of potato tubers from plants treated with foliar applications of metalaxyl in the field indicated that compounds inhibitory to metalaxyl-sensitive isolates of P. erythroseptica were present in the periderm, even after 4 months' storage. By contrast, moderately or highly resistant isolates of the pathogen caused significantly (P ≤ 0·05) more disease than sensitive isolates in tubers from plants treated with metalaxyl. The effectiveness of metalaxyl in controlling pink rot in a particular region will depend on resistance levels of local populations of P. erythroseptica. Preventing the development and spread of resistant strains of P. erythroseptica will be critical in maintaining metalaxyl as an effective chemical for control of this pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00566.x
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