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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Fabric analysis is commonly used to infer former movement directions of diamictons; however, analysis techniques are typically time consuming and partly subjective. Stereological analysis provides an alternative for objective determination of the preferred orientation of particles. The ability of manual and automated stereological procedures to determine the preferred orientation of particles (120–4000 µm) in tillite is assessed, using core samples from Mount Feather, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Orthogonal sets of vertical thin sections were subjected to directed secant analysis involving the determination of the number of intersections between particle outlines and a rotating series of parallel lines. The manual analysis reveals a weakly developed three-dimensional tilt angle (plunge) of 68°. This reflects the depth-averaged subglacial deformational structure of the deposit. Because the preferred orientation signal is weak, in the automated set-up this signal is obscured by the effect of digitization, hampering the reliable assessment of the orientation direction. The study shows microfabric variability within the studied cored section that is interpreted as a shear fabric. Reliable macrostructural information that might constrain ice flow directions requires a larger number of randomly or systematically drawn core samples from which averaged microstructural fabrics can be derived.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 302-303 (Jan. 2006), p. 19-25 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The computer simulation study of Portland cement blending confirmed the majormechanism to be size segregation in the Interfacial Transition Zones around the aggregate particles. Fine particles tend to move through the skeleton of larger particles towards the surface of the aggregate grains, improving local density. But the most interesting feature is a disproportionately larger internal bond capacity (based on van der Waals forces between nearby particles). In this contribution, we have isolated the mechanism of internal diffusion capacity of particles, on which blending efficiency relies, for a simulation study on the migration of fine sand articles into the network of coarse aggregate grains. The influences of technical parameters (including gap in size between fine sand and coarse aggregate, as well as the workability conditions) have been investigated on the migration capacity of fine sand particles. This paper will report briefly the outcomes of this computer simulation study on aggregate mix systems
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 302-303 (Jan. 2006), p. 486-492 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fresh model cement mixtures, with the same w/c ratio and particle size distribution, were simulated by the SPACE system that is based on a dynamic mixing algorithm. Thereupon, they were hydrated by the HYMOSTRUC 3D system. Boundary conditions were varied, rendering possible assessment of their influence on percolation of capillary porosity by serial sectioning and using the overlap of slices. Simulation results revealed increases in total porosity and in connected fraction ofcapillary pores due to the existence of aggregate. The de-percolation threshold of capillary porosity was found not only related to total porosity and image resolution, but also governed by the spatial distribution of capillary pores
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-05-01
    Print ISSN: 1673-565X
    Electronic ISSN: 1862-1775
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-03-30
    Print ISSN: 0037-0746
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3091
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 12 (1979), S. 9-20 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On établit un cadre théorique et méthodologique qui repose sur une théorie géométrique et probabiliste dans le but de faciliter l'étude de l'hétérogénéité tant du point de vue de la localisation (ségrégation) que de celui de l'orientation (anisométrie) des structures non aléatoires. Cet article est centré sur les structures partiellement orientées dans un plan que l'on peur concevoir comme résultant de l'addition de deux substructures, l'une composée de fibres à distribution aléatoire (structure 3-D) et l'autre qui ne comprend que des fibres à disposition aléatoire par plan (structure 2-D). De la sorte, une solution simple peut être trouvée qui permette une étude complète et précise par différents procédés des caractéristiques morphologiques des distributions de fibres que l'on rencontre en pratique. Dans le cas de matériaux opaques tels que le béton de fibres, on peut soumettre des sections du matériau aussi bien que des projections obtenues par radiographie X aux méthodes visuelles d'analyse quantitative qui consistent soit dans le comptage des sections des fibres soit dans le comptage des intersections avec un réseau de lignes superposées. Étant donné que les arguments méthodologique s'opposent à l'application de la technique des sécantes dirigées à l'analyse par sections, on n'a donc élaboré que les trois autres procédures possibles. Les mesures de densité et de degré d'orientation sont ici complétées par les notions d'orientation effective et d'espacement. De même que dans la première partie de cette étude, on donne ici des formules relatives à la distance libre moyenne et à la distance moyenne à la fibre la plus proche dans des structures à deux et trois dimensions, formula que l'on peut appliquer à des fins constructives ou à une évaluation expérimentale effectuée avec l'une des trois méthodes signalées plus haut. En général, deux observations indépendantes suffisent à aboutir à une solution complète. Les techniques ont été appliquées à l'étude des hétérogénéités de fibres dues au compactage dans des cubes et des poutres de béton renforcé de fibres d'acier. Dans ce dernier cas, on a procédé aussi à l'étude des surfaces de rupture. L'interprétation des résultats, qui rèvèle des ségrégations nombreuses et un accroissement modéré de l'anisométrie dans la direction de la base des spécimens, fait l'objet d'un examen attentif. On indique les conséquences sur le plan structural que ces résultats peuvent avoir. On précise en quoi ces résultats intéressent la construction et les essais des matériaux.
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical and methodological framework, based on geometric probability theory, is developed facilitating the analysis of inhomogeneity with respect to location (segregation) and orientation (anisometry) of non-random fibre structures. This article in particular focusses on partially planar-oriented structures, that can be conceived as being originated by the addition of two sub-sets, one of which is composed of randomly distributed fibres (3-D structure), while the second one only comprises fibres that are disposed randomly in planes (2-D structure). In such a way a simple solution can be obtained providing various procedures to completely and accurately investigate the morphological features of fibre distributions met with in practical situations. For opaque materials like FRC, in principal, sections as well as projections, obtained by X-ray radiography, can be subjected to methods for quantitative image analysis based on either counting of features or counting of intersections with a superimposed system of directed secants. Since methodological arguments militate against applying the directed secants technique to section analysis, the remaining three approaches have only been elaborated. In addition to measures for density and degree of orientation, concepts for orientation efficiency and spacing are presented. Analogously to Part I of this publication, this present one comprises formulae for the mean free spacing and the average nearest neighbour distances in two and three dimensions, applicable for design puroses or for experimental evaluation with either one of the three alternative methods described. Generally, two independent observations suffice to yield a complete solution. The techniques have been applied to an investigation of compaction-induced fibre inhomogeneity in (steel) FRC cubes and beams. In the latter case also fracture surfaces have been analysed. The significance of the results, revealing the occurrence of a considerable amount of segregation and a moderate increase of the anisometry towards the bottom side of the specimens, is extensively discussed. The structural implications of such results for design and materials testing are indicated.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 302-303 (Jan. 2006), p. 479-485 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, a mathematic morphology measurement with the name of opening operation was applied to section images for the assessment of pore size distribution in cement pastes. This method is compared with other methods for characterising pore size distribution, including the experimental technique of mercury intrusion porosimetry, the conventional image analysis by area histogram and a direct approach by a simulation model. The comparison study reveals that the so-called opening distribution technique yields realistic structural information of pore size distribution in cement pastes. The proper characterisation of pore size distribution is of significant importance to permeability prediction of cementitious materials and thereby to durability studies of the materials
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 302-303 (Jan. 2006), p. 521-527 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a new kind of ultra-high strength and upper ductility concrete first developed in 1990’s in France. In this paper, the RPC mixture proportion is optimized and its mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and its durability, are tested and discussed. Based on the optimal mixture proportion, four simply supported plain RPC beams (without reinforcement bars) are made and tested. The mechanicalproperties of plain RPC beams, including section deformation, load-displacement relationship, failure forms, crack distribution, crack extension, and ultimate flexural capacity, are discussed. It is concluded that RPC is an excellent material with high strength and durability. Steel fiber is important both to control the crack extension and to enhance the ductility of RPC beams
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Dynamic ice-flow models for 12 glaciers and ice caps have been forced with various climate change scenarios. The volume of this sample spans three orders of magnitude. Six climate scenarios were considered: from 1990 onwards linear warming rates of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 K a-1, with and without concurrent changes in precipitation. The models, calibrated against the historic record of glacier length where possible, were integrated until 2100. The differences in individual glacier responses are very large. No straightforward relationship between glacier size and fractional change of ice volume emerges for any given climate scenario. The hypsometry of individual glaciers and ice caps plays an important role in their response, thus making it difficult to generalize results. For a warming rate of 0.04 K a-1, without increase in precipitation, results indicate that few glaciers would survive until 2100. On the other hand, if the warming rate were to be limited to 0.01 K a-1 with an increase in precipitation of 10% per degree warming, we predict that overall loss would be restricted to 10 to 20% of the 1990 volume.
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