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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 41 (1949), S. 818-819 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 363-368 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Testing of Stainless Steels for intercystalline Corrosion by Electrolytic Etching in Oxalic AcidThe sensitivity of stainless steels to intercristalline corrosion is generally ascertained in the USA. by determining the corrosion rate in boiling 65% Nitric Acid during a period of 240 j. The present article describes a method of determining the tendency of certain stainless steels to intergranular corrosion in about 15 minutes. The finely etched surface obtained through electrolytic etching in oxalic acid serves as the basis for this new method. Steels which only show very slight, or no evidence at all, of attack as a result of carbide separation at the edges of the grains are not subject to rapid intercristalline corrosion, and, therefore, do not need to be submitted to the Nitric Acid test. However, steel which show marked evidence of intergranular corrosion after oxalic acid etching must subsequently be tested in HNO3 for the purpose of determining whether the degree of intergranular sensitivity exceeds the permitted limits for the maximum corrosion rate in HNO3 as determined by the future employment of the steel.
    Notes: In den USA wird die Empfindlichkeit rostfreier Stähle für interkristalline Korrosion im allgemeinen durch Bestimmung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit in sidender 65%iger Salpetersäure während einer Einwirkungszeit von 240 h nachgewiesen. In der Vorliegenden Abhandlung wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, das gestattet, gewisse rostfreie Stähle auf ihre Neigung zu intergranularer Korrosion in etwa 15 min zu prüfen und zwar auf Grund des Feingefüges, das durch elektolytisches Ätzen in Oxalsäure entwickelt wird. Stähle, die hierbei nur einen geringen oder überhaupt keinen Angriff infolge von Carbidausscheidungen an den Korngrenzen zeigen, unterliegen der raschen interkristallinen Korrosion nicht und brauchen deshalb nicht dem Salpetersäuretest unterworfen werden. Stähle, die dagegen bei der Oxalsäure-Ätzung einen merklichen intergranularen Angriff zeigen, müssen anschließend in Salpetersäure geprüft werden, um festzustellen, ob der Grad der intergranularen Empfindlichkeit die Grenze überschreitet, die durch die maximale Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit in Salpetersäure für die Verwendbarkeit des Stahls gegeben ist.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1949-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0019-7866
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5724
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-326X
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3363
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 5
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    YouMaRes 5
    In:  EPIC3YouMaRes 5, Ozeaneum, Stralsund, Germany, 2014-09-10-2014-09-12Ozeaneum, Stralsund, Germany, YouMaRes 5
    Publication Date: 2014-09-15
    Description: For marine invertebrates living at low temperatures of high latitudes Thorson’s rule suggests a comparatively reduced speed of development. Several studies conducted in different climatic zones have revealed the processes involved in the maturation of benthic assemblages. However, the duration and chronology of succession, as well as the influence of environmental impacts on arctic benthic assemblages is only scarcely analysed. Long-term studies are still rare. By analysing species abundances and substrate coverage over an exposure time of one decade the following hypotheses are tested: (i) Exposition time significantly modifies the structure of arctic benthic hard-bottom assemblages, (ii) the macroscopic structure of the substrate surface has a significant influence on the structure of benthic hard-bottom assemblages, and (iii) the succession of benthic hard-bottom assemblages in the Arctic is in general slower compared to the benthic succession in all non-polar climatic zones. In 2002 forty Polyethylene growth panels were installed on an underwater cliff in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) in about 20 m water depth. Six of these were grooved to create structural diversity on the panel surface. Once a year the ripening epibenthic assemblages were photographed by scientific divers. Until 2007 annually about eight panels were sampled and replaced, thus creating starting points for succession in different years. Additionally a ground truthing was carried out for reference. The findings of this study indicate a resilience time exceeding a decade. A strong heterogeneity can be observed between the assemblages on different panels, signifying an influence of different starting points. The results are discussed in comparison with results of related studies from this and other cold-water regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Format: application/zip
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    In:  EPIC3109 p.
    Publication Date: 2014-09-19
    Description: Exposed to the low temperatures of high latitudes Thorson’s rule suggests a reduced speed of development in marine invertebrates. This raises the question how the development and succession of assemblages of respective species in the arctic is affected. The duration and chronology of succession, as well as the influence of environmental impacts on arctic benthic assemblages, is not fully understood, especially concerning long-term studies. By analysing species abundances and substrate coverage over an exposure time of one decade the following hypotheses are tested: (i) Exposition time significantly modifies the structure of arctic benthic hard-bottom assemblages, (ii) the macroscopic structure of the substrate surface has a significant influence on the structure of benthic hard-bottom assemblages, and (iii) the succession of benthic hard-bottom assemblages in the Arctic is in general slower compared to the benthic succession in all non-polar climatic zones. In 2002 forty Polyethylene growth panels were installed in about 20 m water depth on an underwater cliff in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway). Six of these were grooved to create structural diversity on the panel surface. Once a year the ripening epibenthic assemblages were photographed by scientific divers. Until 2007 about eight panels were sampled and replaced annually, thus creating starting points for succession in different years. Additionally a ground truthing was carried out for reference. The findings of this study show a resilience time exceeding a decade. Further the sampling year, age group and exposition time have a notable influence on the different successional stages. The structural diversity of the substrate in contrast showed no significant influence. Lastly the results are discussed in comparison with results of related studies from this and other regions to demonstrate the comparable slow succession.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 8
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Keywords: AWI_BPP; Bentho-Pelagic Processes @ AWI; DIVER; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic; Kongsfjordneset; Sampling by diver
    Type: Dataset
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  • 9
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Keywords: AWI_BPP; Bentho-Pelagic Processes @ AWI; DIVER; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic; Kongsfjordneset; Sampling by diver
    Type: Dataset
    Format: unknown
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Keywords: AWI_BPP; Bentho-Pelagic Processes @ AWI; DIVER; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic; Kongsfjordneset; Sampling by diver
    Type: Dataset
    Format: unknown
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