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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and synthesis of the ternary alkali graphite intercalation compound KCsC16, an ideal layered heterostructure (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 921-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have prepared a stable two phase graphite intercalation compound (GIC) containing KC8 and KCsC16 by immersing CsC24 into liquid K at 70 °C. High resolution x-ray diffraction studies reveal that the KCsC16, which exhibits a stage one c-axis stacking sequence of ⋅⋅⋅ C K C Cs C K C Cs ⋅⋅⋅ is an ideal ternary heterostructure GIC with a c-axis repeat distance of dH=11.27 A(ring) and correlation range of 350 A(ring). The intensities of the (00l) x-ray diffraction pattern calculated on the basis of the proposed c-axis repeat sequence are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations. The KCsC16 in plane structure is a (2×2)R0 ° superlattice with an in plane correlation range of 140 A(ring). The ordered intercalant layers stack along the c axis with an α,β,γ,δ site sequence, where, e.g., α,γ=K and β,δ=Cs, and stacking faults occur on average every 30 A(ring).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448522
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of guest–host interactions on the guest molecule in intercalated alumino-silicate compounds (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 3346-3350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have intercalated Cr(en)3+3 and Co(en)3+3 molecules (en=ethylenediamine), in known solid-solution fractional quantities, into the highly purified layered alumino-silicate fluorohectorite. Both molecules have like chemistry, but different physical sizes as they function to prop open the interlamellar gallery. As the fractional component x in [Co(en)3+3]x[Cr(en)3+3] 1−x–fluorohectorite is systematically varied, we observe the effect of intercalation on the host crystal basal spacing and the effects of intercalation on the guest molecules. Typical of the intercalation of rigid-layer compounds with agents differing in size, the basal spacing shows a sigmoidal dependence on fractional concentration. This is due to the large, but not infinite rigidity of the host and guest constituents. The lifetime of the fluorescence emission from the Cr(en)3+3 molecule exhibits the same sigmoidal dependence, indicating that the uniaxial stress exerted on the molecule, as it props open the gallery, is the primary factor dictating the guest fluorescence properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466426
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CLAYS AND CLAY INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS:Properties and Physical Phenomena (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 27 (1997), S. 89-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The materials properties and physical phenomena exhibited by layered silicate clays and clay intercalation compounds, a subgroup of the general class of layered solids, are reviewed. The importance of layer rigidity is emphasized. Clays are compared and contrasted with the more familiar layered solids such as graphite and dichalcogenides. Some of the unusual structural features of clays including interstratification, swelling, and the lack of staging are discussed and explained qualitatively and quantitatively. Novel magnetic phenomena such as that associated with a disordered two-dimensional kagome antiferromagnet formed in synthetic clays and the effect of co-intercalated water on the crystal field-induced magnetic ordering in natural clays are described and analyzed. The vibrational excitations in clays are addressed in terms of lattice dynamical models for the phonon dispersion curves. The theoretical models are compared with experimental measurements including neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.27.1.89
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetoresistance enhancement in inhomogeneous semiconductors (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 3497-3499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that the low-field magnetoresistance (MR) of a semiconductor with inhomogeneities which are more conducting than the surrounding matrix is enhanced significantly compared to that of the homogeneous material. The enhancement results from a magnetic field induced geometric effect in which at high field the current is deflected around the conducting inhomogeneity. A model based on previous work by Wolfe et al. has been augmented to include the physical MR. The augmented model is used to account quantitatively for a 50-fold anomalous enhancement of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) observed at low field in (near) zero-band-gap thin-film Hg1−xCdxTe (x(approximate)0.1). The practical implications of the GMR boost are noted. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121639
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering study of hydrogenated and deuterated trimethylammonium pillared vermiculite clays (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 7064-7071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neutron scattering has been used to study the basal spacing and vibrational excitations of oriented samples of (CH3)3NH+ –vermiculite and its deuterated form (CD3)3ND+ –vermiculite. Both forms exhibit a basal spacing of 12.71 A(ring) and a rich vibrational spectrum in the energy range 20–140 meV for Q perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis. These results are compared with infrared measurements and inelastic neutron scattering results of trimethylammonium halides over the same energy range. The torsional mode of the methyl group has been found to be split by ∼8 meV due to the top–top interaction between the methyl groups in the trimethylammonium vermiculite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462538
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large enhancement of the giant magnetoresistance in inhomogeneous semiconductors: Dependence on magnetic field direction (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5789-5791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In high-mobility Hg1−xCdxTe (x=0.10), the physical giant magnetoresistance (GMR), due to the orbital motion of the carriers in the applied magnetic field, is apparent at high magnetic field (H〉1/μe). At low field (H〈1/μe), this is enhanced by a geometrical GMR associated with conducting inhomogeneities in the semiconductor. In previous work, we have presented a model which accounts quantitatively for the GMR enhancement. Here we report on the dependence of the GMR on the direction of the magnetic field. The transverse GMR shows the low-field boost expected; in the longitudinal case both the physical and the geometrical MR are expected to vanish, and indeed the measured longitudinal GMR is very small. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369920
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraordinary magnetoresistance in externally shunted van der Pauw plates (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 667-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) exhibited by a composite van der Pauw (vdP) disk consisting of a semiconductor with an internal shunt can also be obtained from an electrically equivalent, externally shunted structure that is amenable to fabrication in the mesoscopic sizes required for important magnetic sensor applications. As an example, we use bilinear conformal mapping to transform the composite vdP disk into an externally shunted rectangular plate and calculate its EMR by solving Laplace's equation with appropriate boundary conditions using no adjustable parameters. The calculations are in good agreement with measurements of InSb plates with Au shunts. Room-temperature EMR values as high as 550% at 0.05 T are obtained. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1343472
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-biasing nonmagnetic giant magnetoresistance sensor (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 4105-4107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Room temperature giant magnetoresistance (GMR) has been measured in small band-gap thin-film Hg1−xCdxTe (x∼0.1) samples with Corbino disk electrode configurations. The GMR exhibits a zero-field offset of as much as 350 G at room temperature. The resultant asymmetry in the field dependence of the GMR constitutes a self-biasing effect. We show that this self-biasing results from spatial composition fluctuations in the sample and that the bias effect can be controlled by selective doping and/or deposition masking. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117833
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torsional mode frequency and elastic anisotropy in alkali vermiculites (1988)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 16 (1988), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The torsional mode frequency ωt in Cs1−xRbx-Vermiculite has been determined using an angular force constant model and a virtual crystal approximation. The sensitivity of ωt has been examined with respect to the force constants between the Kagome' oxygen frame and the interlayer cations. These force constants were used to calculate the longitudinal elastic constants, C11 and C33 and are consistent with the observed elastic anisotropy in related layer silicates. The observed nonlinear x-dependence of the torsional mode frequency in ternary systems can be related to the polarizability of the interlayer cations (Cs+,Rb+).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220697
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman scattering from alkali graphite intercalation compounds (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 10 (1981), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The stage dependences of the Raman spectra of potassium, rubidium and cesium graphite intercalation compounds are reported. The spectra of each set of compounds are found to be qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with the ‘nearest layer’ model for the carbon intralayer E2g(2) vibrations of intercalation compounds. To within experimental error the charge exchanged from the intercalant layers to the carbon layers is found to be stage independent and partially localized in type B carbon layers which are contiguous to intercalant layers. The relative Raman cross-section for scattering from type B and type C (noncontiguous) carbon layers is found to be species independent and is σC/σB = 0.25 ± 0.05.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250100124
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