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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of carbohydrate on the development of a Cattleya hybrid in association with its mycorrhizal fungus (1993)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 3 (1993), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Carbohydrate ; Cattleya ; Orchid mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To investigate beneficial effects of mycorrhizal fungi to advanced leafy orchids, growth studies on the development of symbiotic seedlings of the orchid Cattleya (aclandiae x schoeffeldiana) x aclandiae were conducted in vitro over a period of 18 months using split plates with minerals and carbohydrates on one side and water agar on the other. Mycorrhizal infection and shoot and root growth of seedlings on the nutrient side were compared to growth on the water agar side with nutrient uptake by the orchid only possible via external mycorrhizal hyphae. Seed germination was followed by mycorrhizal infection and rapid development of protocorms on both nutrient and non-nutrient sides of the plates. With 0.5% starch, development of protocorms was sustained for a least 12 weeks, compared to only 6 weeks with 0.1% starch. Advanced protocorms with two small leaves and a smoll root were transferred at week 22 to new fungal plates. When harvested at week 43, plantlets on 0.5% starch (both nutrient and water agar sides) had 2.7 times the dry weight of plantlets on 0.1% starch. Shoot-root ratios were higher on the lower level of carbon. In all plantlets, mycorrhizal infection involved less than 5% of the root length. With zero, 0.1% or 0.5% starch, the roots were re-infected on transfer to fresh fungal plates but young roots that developed following the transfer stayed free of infection, Plantlets on 0.5% starch (nutrient and water agar side) after 18 months had longer roots than plantlets grown in the absence of starch or on 0.1% starch. Shoots were small but significantly larger on the nutrient side than on the water agar side, independent of the carbohydrate level. The shoot-root ratio was highest on the nutrient side with no starch present. In this latter case, plantlet development was steady but plantlets on the non-nutrient side developed slowly; thus there was little evidence of nutrient translocation by the mycorrhizal fungus from the nutrient to the non-nutrient side in the absence of carbohydrates. Mycorrhizal infection is discussed as a mechanism for heterotrophic carbon assimilation. In advanced leafy orchids of Cattleya, external carbon resulted in increased root growth, decreased shoot/root ratio and sometimes yellowish-green plantlets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210693
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the human light reflex as a measure of the anticholinergic effects of drugs. A comparison with other measures (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pupillometry ; light reflex ; atropine ; nortryptyline ; procyclidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single oral doses of atropine, nortriptyline, procyclidine and lactose dummy were administered double-blind to eight healthy young subjects in a balanced, crossover study. Television pupillometry was used to measure the anticholinergic effects of these drugs on the pupil diameter in darkness and the reflex response to light flashes. The sensitivity of this method was compared with conventional autonomic function tests, viz. salivary secretion, radial pulse, forearm sweat gland activity and distance to visual near point. Visual analogue scales were used to obtain subjective measures of sedative drug effects. The expected inhibition of parasympathetic activity was found in most instances with two exceptions: firstly, that nortriptyline failed to affect the pupil despite causing a tachycardia and secondly, that procyclidine gave a bradycardia. The results are discussed with reference to the possible advantages of television pupillometry over conventional pupil measurement in the detection of anticholinergic drug effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563554
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of indoramin and 6-hydroxyindoramin in poor and extensive hydroxylators of debrisoquine (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: indoramin ; 6-hydroxyindoramin ; debrisoquine ; hydroxylators ; genetic polymorphism ; blood pressure ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five poor metabolisers (PM) and seven extensive metabolisers (EM), of debrisoquine, all healthy volunteers, received 50 mg indoramin orally following an overnight fast. Plasma concentrations of indoramin and 6-hydroxyindoramin were determined by HPLC with fluorimetric detection. In PM subjects, mean values of Cmax (158 ng/ml) and AUC(0–24) (2556 ng·h·m−1) for indoramin were substantially elevated and t1/2β (18.5 h) prolonged by comparison with values in the EM subjects (21.6 ng/ml, 151 ng·h·ml−1 and 5.2 h respectively). For 6-hydroxyindoramin, on the other hand, Cmax (12.4 ng/ml) and AUC(0–8) (47.5 ng·h·ml−1) in PM subjects were significantly lower than in the EM subjects (28.2 ng/ml and 94.7 ng·h·ml−1). There was a tendency to a higher incidence of side-effects in the PM group. Although the difference did not achieve statistical significance (0.1〉p〉0.05), all the PM subjects experienced sedation compared to only two in the EM group. Differences in blood pressure and pulse rate between the two groups were small. It is concluded that the oxidative metabolism of indoramin is subject to genetic polymorphism, which is probably under the control of the same gene locus as that influencing debrisoquine oxidation. The clinical consequences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610381
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential cardiovascular effects of propranolol, atenolol, and pindolol measured by impedance cardiography (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atenolol ; Propranolol ; Pindolol ; transthoracic electrical bioimpedance ; cardiac output ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have evaluated Sramek's method of impedance cardiography as a non-invasive way of detecting the cardiovascular effects of drugs. We made cardiovascular measurements using the method during passive tilting and exercise 2 h after the oral administration of atenolol (50 and 100 mg), propranolol (40 and 80 mg), pindolol (5 and 10 mg), and placebo in seven separate studies involving eight healthy male volunteers. Equivalent doses of the pure antagonists atenolol (β1) and propranolol (β1, β2) produced similar reductions in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac index, and increases in stroke volume and total peripheral resistance, particularly during exercise. In contrast the partial agonist pindolol produced increases in heart rate and cardiac index, and reductions in peripheral resistance at rest. During passive tilting and exercise pindolol reduced heart rate, but cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were unchanged except at the highest levels of exercise. The similar cardiovascular effects of atenolol and propranolol, but differing effects of pindolol, are consistent with reports using other methods of measurement. This suggests that impedance cardiography may have a place in the non-invasive assessment of the cardiovascular effects of drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314919
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cardiovascular effects of oral nifedipine and nicardipine: A double-blind comparison in healthy volunteers using transthoracic bioimpedance cardiography (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine nicardipine ; transthoracic electrical bioimpedance ; cardiac output ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cardiovascular effects of single oral doses of nifedipine (5 and 10 mg) and nicardipine (20 and 30 mg) were compared in a placebo controlled double-blind crossover study involving 8 healthy male volunteers. Two hours following drug administration stroke volume and cardiac index were measured non-invasively using transthoracic electrical bioimpedance cardiography during passive tilting, graded bicycle exercise, and recovery from exercise. Two separate experiments were performed in the absence of active drug to allow the reproducibility of the measurements to be assessed. Coefficients of variation (within experiment/between experiments) for cardiac index were 7.0%/19.9% at rest and 11.5%/9.3% at 180 W exercise. Both nifedipine and nicardipine increased stroke volume and cardiac index and reduced total peripheral resistance (mean blood pressure/cardiac index) at all times in the experiment. Reductions in peripheral resistance were similar for nifedipine 10 mg and nicardipine 20 mg but in these doses slightly larger increases in heart rate were produced by nifedipine, and in stroke volume and cardiac index with nicardipine. The study shows that the cardiovascular effects of nifedipine and nicardipine can be detected using impedance cardiography which is a simple, safe, and inexpensive technique. The differences between the effects of the two drugs were small. Although some were of statistical significance and are consistent with a less marked cardiode-pressant effect for nicardipine, the clinical importance of these observations is uncertain. Further studies to examine the effect of oral nifedipine and nicardipine in patients with impaired ventricular function may be helpful in clarifying this issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Pipeline Testing Facility for the Examination of Pipe-Wall Deposits and Red-Water Events in Drinking Water (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 13 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Field surveys of Thames Water's distribution mains found the occurrence of ‘red water’ to be highly variable and localized. To model the many inter-related factors identified in the field, a controlled pipeline-testing facility was required to simulate conditions in a ‘live’ network, but on a pilot-scale. This was achieved by incorporating a specialized red-water testing facility into an existing experimental pipeline.This paper describes the hydraulic and material design features, including the addition of a ‘dead-end’ section operated on a stagnation and flow regime, quantified using computational fluid dynamics. Following commissioning, the facility has provided detailed, time-sequenced observations on corrosion-deposit development and red-water generation under different hydraulic regimes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1999.tb00999.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation of Isoniazid in Burmese Subjects (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 217 (1968), S. 1273-1273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Isoniazid (10 mg/kg orally) was administered to 121 Burmese subjects, seventy-nine males and forty-two females, aged between 18 and 38. Venous blood samples were taken 6 h later, the serum was separated and extracted and the concentration of isoniazid was estimated by a vanillin condensation ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2171273a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral Metabolism (1947)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 16 (1947), S. 273-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.16.070147.001421
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological Interactions Between Symbionts in Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants (1988)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 39 (1988), S. 221-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.39.060188.001253
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Pollination Method on Strain Cross Yield in Lucerne (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 102 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Because of difficulties in pollination, control, F1 hybrids have not been widely explioted in lucerne’ (Medicago sativa L.). Strain crossing (uncontrolled hybridization between two or more self-fertile populations with seed of the populations combined to product a “strain cross” population) represents a potentially valuable alternative procedure for exploiting heterosis in this species. Strain crosses in lucerne are typically produced using insect pollination in the field. Using hand pollination under glasshouse houses could increase the number of strain crosses available for tests of combining ability. The objective of this study was to determine whether forage yield of strain crosses produced using hand pollination were sufficiently similar to that of insect-produced populations to allow the use of the former in lucerne breeding. Forage yields of eight pairs of hand- and insect-produced strain crosses did not differ significantly in 15 of 16 pairwise comparisons and were positively correlated (rs= 0.90) for 20 harvests at two locations. Yield amp of band produced strain crosses could be used, with reasonable accuracy to accuracy the eventual performance of strain crosses produced between the same populations using insect pollination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00318.x
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