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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous glycerolysis of olive oil by Chromobacterium viscosum lipase immobilized in liposome in reversed micelles (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1159-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: continuous glycerolysis ; lipase adsorbed on liposome ; microemulsion ; reversed micelles ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chromobacterium viscosum lipase which has adsorbed on liposome and solubilized in microemulsion droplets of glycerol containing a little amount of water could catalyze the glycerolysis of olive oil. Studies on the continuous glycerolysis of olive oil by the immobilized enzyme was done at 37°C in continuous stirred vessel bioreactor with polysulfone membrane. The effect of the flow rate of substrate (olive oil) in isooctane on the conversion and composition of the outlet was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The conversion increased with decrease in the flow rate. And we studied the effect of water content in the glycerol-water-lipase solution on the glycerolysis reaction. The conversion to desirable products, mono- and di-olein, was improved without a substantial production of oleic acid at lower water concentrations, i.e., below 8.0% (w/v) which corresponds to a wo value of 0.97. At water concentration higher than 8.0% (w/v), the amount of free fatty acid was dramatically increased. Higher operational stability of the enzyme reactor, and the half-line of the enzyme continuous reaction was about 7 weeks.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260381007
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  • 2
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    Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of oleic acid and simple glycerides of oleic acid (1989)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-9673
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3778
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties and distribution of soybean proglycinin expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 39 (1991), S. 1179-1186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00006a039
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology of phenylpropylsilsesquioxane in the fiber-spinning regime (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 23 (1990), S. 5279-5285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00227a017
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of water mobility during bread staling (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 39 (1991), S. 1915-1920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00011a004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature sensitivity of oxygen consumption of latitudinally separated Urosalpinx cinerea (Prosobranchia: Muricidae) populations (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 13 (1972), S. 276-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Although the oyster drill Urosalpinx cinerea (Say) is often cited as an example of a species which has formed physiological races among populations experiencing different thermal conditions, temperature effects on the respiratory metabolism of this organism have not been studied. Acclimated metabolism-temperature curves were constructed for 4 latitudinally separated populations which include two subspecies. Virginia U. cinerea follyensis, and Massachusetts and Maine U. cinerea cinerea, exhibit the classical pattern of latitudinal compensation of oxygen consumption, apparently due to an inverse size-latitude relationship which is contrary to Bergmann's rule. It is suggested that this anomaly may have resulted from the selective development of a smaller maximum size in the northern populations, although transportation of drills by man along the Atlantic coast has probably confused the situation. For reasons not immediately apparent, the Massachusetts individuals show rates consistently lower than those of the North Carolina, Virginia, and Maine speciments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348074
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary accumulation of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) by the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 124 (1996), S. 561-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The bioaccumulation of ultraviolet radiation-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) by Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Müller) was determined in specimens maintained on MAA-rich and MAA-deficient diets. Individuals were fed either the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus (Stackhouse), which has a high concentration of the MAA shinorine (6.98 nmolmg−1 dry wt), and trace amounts of the MAAs porphyra-334, asterina-330 and palythine, or the brown alga Laminaria saccharina (Lamouroux), which contains no detectable MAAs. Reproductively spent urchins were fed ad libitum during a 9 mo period in 1992 to 1993 until they were once again gravid. To monitor accumulation, samples of urchin tissues and ingested food were taken throughout the 9 mo period from males and females maintained on each diet, and the concentrations of MAAs determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Urchins maintained on a diet of M. stellatus showed an ovarian shinorine concentration (8.33 nmol mg−1 dry wt) 25 times higher than those fed L. saccharina. There was no change in MAA content of testes or somatic tissues in either feeding group. More than 99% of the MAAs present in an experimental meal of M. stellatus were removed during passage through the gut. Previous studies have inferred dietary accumulation of MAAs by comparing MAAs present in animal tissues with the consumer's potential diet in the field. This is the first study to have monitored MAA accumulation in animal tissues in conjunction with a controlled diet having a known MAA composition. Concentrating MAAs in the ovaries may provide eggs released into the water column with protection from damaging solar ultraviolet radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351037
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological and behavioral responses to hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide in the infaunal asteroid Ctenodiscus crispatus (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 37 (1976), S. 279-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Survival of Ctenodiscus crispatus during exposure to hypoxia (P O 2〈3 mm Hg) at 5°C is greater than that of any echinoderm reported in the literature, the LT50 being 248 h; this is reduced to 236 h in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Unlike Asterias vulgaris and A. forbesi, both of which lose the tube foot response to tactile stimulation long before death from hypoxia occurs, C. crispatus remains responsive until death. The extension of the highly protrusible epiproctal cone, which occurs in 75% of the mud stars simultaneously exposed to hypoxia and H2S, serves to maintain burrow contact with the overlying water. The rate of oxygen consumption remains constant down to an ambient oxygen partial pressure of 10 to 25 mm Hg, becoming more oxygen-dependent after prior exposure of the asteroids to hypoxia. C. crispatus exhibits a clear oxygen-debt phenomenon as well as a compensatory reduction in the residual P O 2 (oxygen partial pressure at which oxygen consumption ceases) from 2.4 to 0.2 mm Hg after hypoxic exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387613
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of irradiance and ultraviolet radiation on photoadaptation in the zooxanthellae of Aiptasia pallida: primary production, photoinhibition, and enzymic defenses against oxygen toxicity (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 102 (1989), S. 243-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cnidarians which contain symbiotic algae are constantly faced with the challenges of a changing photic regime and a hyperoxic environment. Zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium sp.) from the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida (Verrill), collected and cultured at Bermuda Biological Station in 1986, exhibit a suite of compensatory responses to changes in irradiance, ultraviolet radiation (UV), and to the toxicity resulting from their interaction with photosynthetically produced oxygen. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase inactivate superoxide radicals (O2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are mediators of oxygen toxicity, show an increase in specific activity with irradiance and in response to UV, both in cultured zooxanthellae (CZ) and freshly isolated zooxanthellae (FIZ) from acclimated anemones. CZ and FIZ exposed to environmentally realistic UV levels show a 30 to 40% increase in SOD activities compared with zooxanthellae exposed to similar irradiances without UV. CZ consistently show higher activities of both SOD and catalase compared to FIZ. Both CZ and FIZ exhibit changes in chlorophyll content and in the relationship between photosynthesis and irradiance which suggest photoadaptive changes in CO2-fixing enzymes, the photosynthetic-electron transport system, or in photosynthetic unit size (PSU). UV has a greater effect on the photosynthetic capacity (P max) of FIZ when compared to CZ acclimated at an equivalent irradiance with or without a UV component. UV also enhances the photoinhibition observed at high irradiance in both CZ and FIZ. Differences in enzyme activity between CZ and FIZ suggest an important role for the host in the protection of zooxanthellae against the direct effects of environmentally realistic UV while the photosynthetic performance of zooxanthellae in situ may not be as well protected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428286
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two new UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids from the sea anemoneAnthopleura elegantissima and the effects of zooxanthellae and spectral irradiance on chemical composition and content (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 118 (1994), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Many tropical cnidarians living in shallow water contain a class of ultraviolet-A (UV-A, 320 to 400 nm) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280 to 320 nm) absorbing compounds known as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). These compounds may provide protection from the deleterious effects of solar UV radiation. Using a novel application of reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, we find that the temperate sea anemoneAnthopleura elegantissima (collected in 1988 from Bodega Bay, California, and in 1991 from Santa Barbara, California) contains four major MAAs: shinorine, porphyra-334, and two new compounds, mycosporine-taurine and mycosporine-2 glycine. Analysis of zooxanthellate (containing zooxanthellae) and naturally apozooxanthellate (lacking zooxanthellae) specimens acclimated in the presence and absence of UV for 28 d in the spring of 1988 suggests that this anemone, unlike some other anthozoans, does not regulate the concentration of its MAAs in response to UV radiation. The presence of similar concentration of MAAs in apozooxanthellate and zooxanthellate specimens indicates that symbiosis with algae is not required for these compounds to be present in the anemone. The total concentration of MAAs in the zooxanthellae is only about 12% of that in their host's tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699229
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