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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perceptions of Species Abundance, Distribution, and Diversity: Lessons from Four Decades of Sampling on a Government-Managed Reserve (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental management 21 (1997), S. 259 -268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Abundance; Amphibian; Biodiversity; Distribution; Land management; Reptile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive strategy of a facultatively paedomorphic salamander Ambystoma talpoideum (1985)
    Springer
    Oecologia 65 (1985), S. 305-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The reproductive strategy of the salamander Ambystoma talpoideum was studied on an age-specific basis in five breeding populations using ponds subjected to different annual probabilities of drying. Ambystoma talpoideum is facultatively paedomorphic in semi-permanent ponds but sexually mature individuals occur only as terrestrial morphs in temporary ponds. Larvae of paedomorphs and terrestrial morphs mature at the same age but different body sizes. Body mass and snout-vent length increased with age in both morphs. One-year old terrestrial morphs had larger snoutvent lengths than 1-year-old paedomorphs but were smaller in body mass. Clutch mass, number of ova, and diameter of ova increased with snout-vent length. After removing the effects of snout-vent length with an analysis of covariance, only the diameter of ova and the resultant clutch mass increased with age. One-year-old terrestrial morphs produced more ova than 1-year-old paedomorphs but paedomorphs have the potential to reproduce earlier than terrestrial morphs. Parental investment, as shown by the relationship between clutch size and egg size, increased with age. This suggested that as potential energy increased with age, A. talpoideum produced more eggs and larger eggs. Rather than optimizing egg size, individuals may produce a range of egg sizes that theoretically fare better in spatially and temporally varying environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378903
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric competition in larval amphibian communities: conservation implications for the northern crawfish frog, Rana areolata circulosa (1998)
    Springer
    Oecologia 116 (1998), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Asymmetric competition ; Community structure ; Larvae ; Performance ; Rana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Asymmetric competition in larval amphibians can influence population dynamics and community structure. This density-dependent regulatory mechanism may be of particular importance for rare or endangered species such as the northern crawfish frog, Rana areolata circulosa. Interspecific competition of R. areolata with two congenerics, R. blairi and R. sphenocephala, was examined in artificial ponds. Analysis of covariance (differential mortality covariate) indicated that interspecific competition increased larval period length and decreased metamorphic body mass of R. areolata. The number of metamorphs produced was lower for R. blairi ponds when reared with R. areolata at high density. Body mass at metamorphosis was larger for R. sphenocephala when reared with R. areolata, suggesting that R. areolata facilitates larval growth in R. sphenocephala. These results indicate that the larval performance of R. areolata was reduced in the presence of interspecific competitors. Although many conservation efforts emphasize the preservation of critical habitat or particular rare species, interactive effects of biotic components in the focal community may also be important demographic regulators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013822
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fish predation in size-structured populations of treefrog tadpoles (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 75 (1988), S. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Amphibian ; Body size ; Fish ; Growth ; Hyla chrysoscelis ; Lepomis macrochirus ; Predation ; Sibship ; Survival ; Tadpole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of tadpole body size, tadpole sibship, and fish body size on predation of gray treefrog tadpoles, Hyla chrysoscelis, were studied in laboratory and artificial pond experiments. Tadpole body size had a significantly positive effect on the survival of tadpoles in all experiments. The relationship between tadpole biomass eaten and biomass available suggested that fish were not satiated when consuming the largest tadpoles. Large tadpoles were probably better able to evade predators. A difference in survival among full sib families of tadpoles was only present in one family, suggesting that genetic differences in predator avoidance behavior or palatability were probably secondarily important to body size per se. Fish body size had a significantly negative effect on the survival of tadpoles. Larger fish consumed a larger number and proportion of tadpoles as well as greater biomass. These results indicate that environmental factors affecting the growth rate of tadpoles cand dramatically alter their vulnerability to gape-limited predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376932
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size-dependent cannibalism in noctuid caterpillars (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 77 (1988), S. 286-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Body size ; Cannibalism ; Caterpillar ; Density ; Litoprosopus futilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of relative body size and conspecific density on cannibalism in the caterpillar Litoprosopus futilis were examined in simple container experiment. The results of the experiments and field observations indicate that the opportunity to consume live conspecific is afforded only when there is a physical advantage of large size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379200
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-dependent injury in larval salamanders (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 81 (1989), S. 100-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Aggression ; Amphibian ; Density ; Food level ; Injury ; Pond drying ; Salamander ; Survival ; Tail loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of initial larval density, food level, and pond drying regime on intraspecific aggression of larval Ambystoma talpoideum were studied in an artificial pond experiment. Aggression was measured by the frequency of injury of feet, limbs, tail, and the extent of tail loss. Initial larval density had a significant effect on the frequency of foot, limb, and tail loss but not on the extent of tail loss. More larvae reared at medium and high densities sustained injuries than larvae reared at low densities but injuries were not more extensive. Food level had no effect on the four measures of injury. Pond drying regime had no effect on foot loss, limb loss, or extent of tail loss but more larvae reared in constant water level ponds had tail loss than in drying ponds. The frequency of limb and tail loss was negatively correlated to density-dependent survival which was the result of intraspecific predation or cannibalism. These results indicate that substantive levels of body injury, particularly tail loss, can occur at high natural larval densities and may result in a subsequent reduction of growth and survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377017
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of wetland hydroperiod on diversity and abundance of metamorphosing juvenile amphibians (1989)
    Springer
    Wetlands ecology and management 1 (1989), S. 3-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9834
    Keywords: Ambystoma talpoideum ; amphibian ; Carolina bay ; community ; diversity ; drying ; hydroperiod ; metamorphosis ; Pseudacris ornata ; reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Numbers of successfully metamorphosing juvenile amphibians were tabulated at three wetlands in South Carolina, U.S.A. using terrestrial drift fences with pitfall traps. A relatively undisturbed Carolina bay was studied for eight years, a partially drained Carolina bay for four years, and a man-made borrow pit for three years. Annual production of juveniles at the undisturbed Carolina bay ranged from zero to 75,644 individuals of 15 species. Fewer individuals of fewer species typically metamorphosed at the borrow pit than at the undisturbed bay, with the least numbers at the partially drained Carolina bay. Both total number and species diversity of metamorphosing juveniles at each site each year showed a strong positive correlation with hydroperiod, i.e., the number of days a site contained standing water that year. Data for one common anuran species and the most common salamander species were analyzed separately by multiple regression, in addition to the community analyses. For the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum, hydroperiod was a significant predictor of the number of metamorphosing juveniles, but the number of breeding females was not. For the ornate chorus frog, Pseudacris ornata, the number of breeding females was a significant predictor of the number of metamorphosing juveniles, but hydroperiod was not. Variation in the dates of wetland filling and drying interacts with other factors to determine amphibian community structure and diversity. Either increasing or decreasing the number of days a wetland holds water could increase or decrease the number and species diversity of amphibians in and around a wetland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177885
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic compatibility between sexual and clonal genomes in local populations of the hybridogeneticRana esculenta complex (1996)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 10 (1996), S. 531-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: amphibian ; body size ; clonal ; genetic compatibility ; growth ; hybridogenesis ; local adaptation ; metamorphosis ; Rana esculenta ; tadpole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hybridogenetic species possess a hybrid genome: half is clonally inherited (hemiclonal reproduction) while the other half is obtained each generation by sexual reproduction with a parental species. We addressed the question of whether different hemiclones of the hybridogenetic water frogRana esculenta are locally adapted for genetic compatibility with their sexual parental hostRana lessonae. We artificially crossedR. esculenta females of three hemiclones (GUT1, GUT2 and GUT3) from a pond near Gütighausen, Switzerland and one hemiclone (HEL1) from near Hellberg, Switzerland each toR. lessonae males from both populations. We also created primary hybrids by crossing the sameR. lessonae males from both populations toR. ridibunda females from Poznań, Poland (POZ). Tadpoles were then reared in the laboratory at two food levels to assess their performance related to early larval growth rate, body size at metamorphosis and length of the larval period. Tadpoles from hemiclones GUT1, GUT3 and POZ had higher growth rates than those from hemiclones GUT2 and HEL1 at the low food level, but at the high food level all growth rates were higher and diverged significantly between hemiclones GUT2 and HEL1. Tadpoles from the intrapopulational crosses GUT2 × GUT and HEL1 × HEL were larger at metamorphosis than those from the interpopulational crosses GUT2 × HEL and HEL1 × GUT. A high food level increased the size at metamorphosis in all tadpoles. A high food level also decreased the days to metamorphosis and tadpoles from GUT1, GUT3 and POZ had the shortest larval period whereas those from GUT2 and HEL1 had the longest. These results indicate that the differential compatibility of clonal genomes may play an important role in hybridogenetic species successfully using locally adapted sexual genomes of parental species and that interclonal selection is likely important in determining the distribution of hemiclones among local populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237883
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary consequences of non-random mating: do large males increase offspring fitness in the anuran Bufo bufo? (1994)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 34 (1994), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Body size ; Fitness ; Good genes ; Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of my study was to determine whether male body size, a trait known to be important to mating success, covaries with offspring performance. I tested the effects of male body size on the performance of Bufo bufo tadpoles reared at two food levels by mating large, small, and naturally-mated males to the same females. Survival of tadpoles in the high-food environment was affected by male size class, but in the opposite way to that expected. Tadpoles sired by large males had the lowest survival, and those sired by small males the highest. Neither body size at metamorphosis nor larval period were affected by male size class alone, but male size interacted with the female contribution: tadpoles sired by large males had short larval periods and large size at metamorphosis with some females,but long larval periods and small body sizes with others. Food level had a significant effect on both size at metamorphosis and larval period, and interacted with female contribution, but not male size class. This indicated that female contribution to tadpoles was dependent on food level, but that the effects of male size were not differentially expressed by tadpoles at the two food levels. My results indicate that traits with a direct effect on offspring fitness are not enhanced by large male body size, yet some males and females produced offspring with significantly better performance. I suggest that evolutionary change in this mating system is unlikely to occur through the non-random mating of males based on body size alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175454
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary consequences of non-random mating: do large males increase offspring fitness in the anuran Bufo bufo? (1994)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 34 (1994), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words: Body size – Fitness – Good genes – Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of my study was to determine whether male body size, a trait known to be important to mating success, covaries with offspring performance. I tested the effects of male body size on the performance of Bufo bufo tadpoles reared at two food levels by mating large, small, and naturally-mated males to the same females. Survival of tadpoles in the high-food environment was affected by male size class, but in the opposite way to that expected.Tadpoles sired by large males had the lowest survival, and those sired by small males the highest. Neither body size at metamorphosis nor larval period were affected by male size class alone, but male size interacted with the female contribution: tadpoles sired by large males had short larval periods and large size at metamorphosis with some females,but long larval periods and small body sizes with others. Food level had a significant effect on both size at metamorphosis and larval period, and interacted with female contribution, but not male size class. This indicated that female contribution to tadpoles was dependent on food level, but that the effects of male size were not differentially expressed by tadpoles at the two food levels. My results indicate that traits with a direct effect on offspring fitness are not enhanced by large male body size, yet some males and females produced offspring with significantly better performance. I suggest that evolutionary change in this mating system is unlikely to occur through the non-random mating of males based on body size alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050014
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