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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 160 (1968), S. 9-40 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Verpuppungsreife männliche Vorderbeinscheiben wurden serienweise verschieden fragmentiert und in gleichalterige Wirtslarven implantiert. Da die Imaginalscheiben vonDrosophila melanogaster mosaikartig determiniert sind, ließen sich die gleichen adulten Strukturen immer denselben Fragmenten zuordnen. So war es möglich, Primordien verschiedener, morphologisch gut erkennbarer Elemente in einem Anlageplan zu lokalisieren. Neben Klauen, Geschlechtskamm und Transversalreihen konnten auch die Primordien verschiedener Sensillengruppen bestimmt werden. 2. Auf Grund der Anordnung der Primordien und ihrer gegenseitigen Lage in der Imaginalscheibe kann gezeigt werden, daß sich die Scheibe während der pupalen Entwicklung teleskopartig ausstülpt. 3. Im Trochanter war die Lokalisation der Anlage eines einzelnen Borstenorgans möglich (Eckborste). Sensillenanordnung und teilweise Behaarung erlauben eine eindeutige Identifikation dieser Struktur selbst in kleinen Fragmenten. 4. Werden in 72–80 Std alte Larven Fragmenteverpuppungsreifer Beinscheiben implantiert, die durch das Eckborstenprimordium halbiert wurden, so zeigen die Präparate selten Eckborstendifferenzierungen. Für die Bildung dieser Struktur ist auf diesem Entwicklungsstadium offenbar nur eine kleine Zellzahl kompetent. Falls den Zellen solcher Fragmente vor der Verpuppung jedoch zusätzlich Zeit zur Proliferation gewährt wird, bilden sich die Eckborsten häufiger. 5. Die komplementären Hälfteneiner Scheibe können zusammen verfolgt werden. Junge Scheibenhälften (72 Std) differenzieren häufiger als ältere (115 Std) in beiden Partnerfragmenten eine Eckborste. Es gibt folglich Zellen, die in der Zeit zwischen 72 Std und 115 Std die Potenz zur Bildung einer solchen Struktur verlieren. 6. In Blastemen der Beinscheiben führen nach 14 Tagen Aufenthalt im Adultwirt Transdeterminationen zu folgenden allotypischen Strukturen: Flügelspreite, -basis, Thorax, Antennen und Rüssel. Am häufigsten werden Elemente gefunden, die normalerweise Derivate der Flügelscheibe sind. 7. Transdeterminationen erfolgen nicht aus Zellen beliebiger Beinprimordien. So entstehen z. B. Elemente der Arista nur aus distalen Beinanlagen. 8. Die Transplantation verschieden alter Anlagen zeigt, daß ältere Spender-Scheiben häufiger allotypische Strukturen bilden als jüngere. Selbst Fragmente aus 5–6 Std alten Vorpuppenscheiben haben die Fähigkeit zur Transdetermination noch nicht verloren. 9. In der Diskussion wird die Vermutung geäußert, daß die Transdetermination in einem entwicklungsphysiologischen Zustand erfolgt, wie er in spätlarvalem oder frühpupalem Stadium erreicht ist.
    Notes: Summary 1. Various fragments of the disc of the foreleg of the late third instar were implanted individually into host larvae of the same age. The imaginal discs ofDrosophila melanogaster have a mosaic determination. Therefore it is always possible to correlate certain adult structures with particular fragments. Primordia of morphologically well distinguished elements such as the claws, sex comb, transversal rows and different groups of sensilla were localized in an anlageplan. 2. It has been shown from the arrangement of the primordia that the disc evaginates in a telescopic fashion during pupal development. 3. In the trochanter the anlage of a bristle organ (edge bristle) was localised. The arrangement of the sensilla and the partial hairiness allow a definite identification of this structure even in small fragments. 4. If we divide the primordia of the edge bristle from discs of thelate third instar and implant these fragments into 72–80 h old larvae the preparations rarely show differentiation of the edge bristle. It seems that at this stage only a small number of cells is competent to form this structure. The edge bristle appears more often if the cells of these fragments are able to proliferate before metamorphosis. 5. The complementary halves of asingle disc can be followed. Young fragments differentiate an edge bristle in each partner much more frequently than fragments of old discs (115 h). Therefore, the cells must lose the capability to form an edge bristle between 72 and 115 h. 6. Transdetermination of leg discs after culture in adults for 14 d lead to the following adult structures: spread of wings, basis of wings, thorax, antenna and proboscis. Elements derived from the wing disc appear with the highest frequencies. 7. Transdeterminations do not equally arise from all of the cells of the leg primordia. Elements of the arista e.g., originate only from the distal parts of the leg anlage. 8. Old donor discs deliver allotypic structures more frequently than young ones. Even fragments from 5–6 h old prepupal discs can still transdetermine. 9. In the discussion it is proposed that transdetermination occurs under physiological conditions found at a late larval or early pupal stage.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 190 (1981), S. 62-64 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have visualized segmentation in theDrosophila embryoniccentral nervous system (CNS) by staining for acetylcholinesterase activity. This technique was used to evaluate the effect of ligation on segments in the ventral CNS. When embryos were ligated prior to cellularization (60 min) fewer segmental ganglia developed in posterior fragments than when embryos were ligated at the blatoderm stage (3 h). This result is consistent with previous ligation experiments in which hypodermal segments were counted (Schubiger and Wood 1977). The number of ganglia scored exceeded the number of hypodermal segments scored especially after ligations at 60 min. Possible explanations for this difference are discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 174 (1974), S. 303-311 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When first leg imaginai discs from early third instar larvae are forced to differentiate immediately by transplantation into larval hosts ready to pupate, they fail to differentiate all the adult leg structures. Even though the variability among these incomplete differentiations is wide, we were able to draw the following conclusions. Even if only little differentiations, limited to a few hairs and bristles, were observed, the structures were always identifiable as the most proximal and the most distal structures of the leg. In those cases where differentiation was more complete the tarsal segments were never completely separated; in extreme cases all five segments were fused. The segments more proximal than the tarsus were always separated when differentiation occurred, but not all the structures within the segments were formed. The absence of a particular structure in an incompletely differentiated segment seems to occur in a random way and is not dependent on its location within the disc.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 313 (1985), S. 395-397 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Whole imaginal disks dissected from late third-instar larvae were incubated in Schneider's7 insect culture medium with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mg ml-1 collagenase and 5 mg ml-1 rhodamine-123 for 45 min, in order to disrupt the basement membranes and allow uptake of the dye. They were then ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 294 (1981), S. 744-747 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We used the property that imaginai disk tissue differentiates when transplanted into a metamorphosing larva to determine the fate of particular first leg disk regions (Fig. la,b). The three-quarter lateral plus endknob fragment (3/4L + EK) differentiated sectors A, B, C and D plus the tarsus. This ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 287 (1980), S. 777-778 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN this issue of Nature Niisslein-Volhard and Wieschaus (see page 795) describe the isolation of mutations at 15 different gene loci that affect the pattern of segmentation in Drosophila. Segmentation is a phenomenon widespread in the animal kingdom; in annelids and arthropods blocks of cells ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 10 (1989), S. 124-142 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Cell determination in Drosophila ; Pair-rule gene expression ; Negative transcription control ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The pair-rule genes hairy, runt, even-skipped, and fushi tarazu express their mRNAs and proteins in striped patterns in the Drosophila embryo at the blastoderm stage. Previous studies have shown that the generation of these patterns depends upon products of the gap genes and upon interactions between the pair-rule genes themselves. Here we show that blocking protein synthesis induces expression of each of the pair-rule mRNAs in virtually all regions of the embryo. Our observations together with genetic studies carried out in other laboratories suggest that negative feedback between the pair-rule genes plays a key role in striped expression of pair-rule genes. We propose that stable proteins, present in all regions of the embryo, first activate transcription ofthese pair-rule genes constitutively. Then, various combinations of unstable proteins repress their transcription in a patterned fashion; each stripe of accumulated products of a given pair-rule gene marks a region where it was not repressed. We develop this idea in mathematical form and demonstrate that a network of mutual repression by pair-rule genes can make each blastoderm nucleus into a genetic switch with two stable states. If preexisting gap gene patterns provide initial bias to the blastoderm nuclei, then the “bistable switch behavior” of the nuclei can refine an initially weak spatial bias into a final pattern of sharp stripes.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1357-2725
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-5875
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1993-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0925-4773
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6356
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1993-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0925-4773
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6356
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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